Ulawulo Yaroslav Wesilumko. Iziphumo wolawulo Yaroslav Wesilumko

Le wobukumkani Yaroslava Mudrogo e Kiev Rus kwafuneka ekupheleni yokuqala kunye ekuqaleni kwewaka lesibini (malunga 978-1054 iminyaka.). He kubhekwa yomnye wakubaphathi ezinkulu Russia nje kuphela, kodwa eYurophu. Yaroslav Mudry kule minyaka wobukumkani bakhe bazisa ubulawuli of Kiev kwi ingasetyenziswa kwithuba elilkunyeelayo lokuba uphuhliso yehlabathi, ilizwe lakhe lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla yezopolitiko neyezomkhosi.

Eli nqaku wachaza ubukumkani Yaroslava Mudrogo. Ngokufutshane okhankanywe izibakala ezisisiseko ngobomi bakhe kunye neziphumo yebhodi.

Imvelaphi i-Grand Duke

Umhla ochanileyo wokuzalwa kwakhe, ababhali-mbali, izazinzulu kuqhubeka ukuxambulisana, imithombo amaninzi abonisa unyaka wokuzalwa of th 978. UYise umbhaptizi ka Rus Vladimir Enkulu, kunye wakhe nomama - Polonsky Princess Rogneda Rogvoldovna ukuba iNkosana Vladimir wathabatha amandla. Ukusuka kule umtshato wazala oonyana abathathu.

Ngokutsho yemihla Yaroslav waphila ubomi obude wafa eneminyaka eli-75 ubudala. Waba ngukhokho abaninzi abalawuli eYurophu. elinomthetho wokuqala Yaroslav Wesilumko, ngokufutshane okhankanywe "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", ebhalwe seal Nestor.

Rostov Prince

Ukuqala kolawulo ozimeleyo Yaroslav ithathwa ukuba babe neminyaka 988 ubudala, xa uyise wambeka yena umntwana ubulawuli Rostov. Amandla real yeharim nomcebisi wakhe, yazeka zonke izigqibo, banikwa eselula kakhulu yesibhovubhovu.

ubungqina Historical Rostov ebukumkanini Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo phantse azikho kwaukubakho. Enoba kwenzeka ntoni na, encwadini yeembali ixesha akukho kukhankanywa malunga izinto zembali ezibalulekileyo enxulumene Rostov ukubusa. Abaninzi mbali bakholelwa ukuba ulawulo Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo e Rostov iqaphele ukuvela lomzi igama lakhe nodumo Yaroslavl. 1010 semthethweni kunyaka kwesiseko salo.

Ukuqala kobukumkani

Ngowe-1010 (1011), emva kokufa omnye koonyana amakhulu Grand Duke Vladimir Vysheslav kunye koko bekulindelekile, lo mzalwana omkhulu ka Yaroslav Svyatopolk, Vladimir Yaroslav wayibeka ukuba alawule Novgorod. Xa kuthelekiswa ne Rostov ubulawuli ka Novgorod liyiqwalasele ephezulu, kodwa iNkosana Novgorod Leyiseka Kiev kwaye kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule kwakhe emnika imirhumo.

Imvukelo noyise

Ngowe-1014 Yaroslav wala ukuhlawula irhafu ukuya Kiev ne abavukeli noyise. Isizathu soku imvukelo na indlela Vladimir unyana wakhe omnci, Boris, kwaye injongo kumnika itrone Kiev. Ngenxa efanayo sizathu baba neenkani Vladimir omdala nonyana - Svyatopolk. Ngenxa yoko, wavuka entolongweni wahlala ekuthinjweni de kokufa kukayise.

Ukuze kusingathwe uyise, Prince Vladimir, Yaroslav oqesha Vikings, kodwa ke umkhosi ihlala luyeke ukusebenza uze evula kwenkunzi Novgorod ngokwayo ngaphezu lilungisa ingqumbo abantu Novgorod. I-Prince Vladimir ngokwakhe akanakungena ukulwa kunye nonyana wakhe, njengoko le ubulawuli of Kiev esongela ukuba ahlasele Pechenegs. Loo mkhosi kuhlanganisene Novgorod, wathumela edabini kunye mbuya emathafeni. Intloko womkhosi Boris, noVladimir ngeli xesha iba buthathaka nabadala.

UMzalwana ngomzalwana

Ekunqandeni unyana noyise uyayeka kunye kokufa Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha Julayi 15, 1015. Kodwa iqala emfazweni abazalwana ababini Svyatopolk kunye Jaroslav, kuba etroneni Kiev. Svyatopolk, uWele abantu nigwetywe endleleni eya itrone ababulala bobathathu nabazalwana bakhe.

Amaxesha aliqela Yaroslav kunye Svyatopolk Uqalekisiwe badibana abonane obulalayo. Ngowe-1018 kwenzeka kwidabi. Svyatopolk kunye uyise womkakhe, i-Polish uKumkani Boleslaw namagorha, kwakhona ahlasela Kievan Rus. Eli xesha Bayingenela Yaroslav, ababuyela Novgorod yaye wayefuna ukuba abalekele yaseScandinavia. Noko ke, umthetheli Novgorod Kwanyanzeleka ukuba baqhubeke ekulweni. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1019 kwi-River Alt Svyatopolk ekugqibeleni woyiswa waza wabaleka. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo yembali endleleni eya ePoland bafumanana kuye waza wambulala amajoni Yaroslav. Kodwa ke ukuba ahlale etroneni Kiev Yaroslav Musa ukungxama, ngokuba ilungelo lokubeka umtshana wakhe nomzalwana Mstislav Bryachislav.

Ukulwela Kiev

Ngowe-1019, Yaroslav watshata isihlandlo sesibini. kutshata nayo - Swedish Inkosazana Ingigerda (e-Orthodox Irina). Kukholelwa ukuba umfazi wokuqala Yaroslav waba Norwegian, igama lakhe Anna, yena kunye noodadewabo prince yathinjwa nezibonda kwaye ngonaphakade bethinjiwe ePoland. Alliance ne Ingigerda Abaphandi abaninzi cinga nengqungquthela Yaroslav yezopolitiko ukuphelisa neentlobano ezingazinzanga kunye balwa.

Umzabalazo kwetrone abazalwana Kiev kuqhubeka ngokuqhuba ezishiyanayo ngempumelelo de 1026, ngoxa Mstislav ukuba oyisiwe amajoni Yaroslav kwaye ethutha ikomkhulu in Chernigov. Prince wathembisa ukuba ahlale e Kiev, uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu ulawulo ilizwe Dnieper, eshiya Yaroslav unxweme konke kulungile. isivumelwano soxolo sisayinwe. Kodwa ukuba umnini wetrone Kiev, Yaroslav Novgorod akazange ashiye de kokufa Mstislav, oko kukuthi, de 1035, siqinisekile ukuba abantu Novgorod ukuxhasa phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Kuphela emva kokufa Mstislav ngo-1035 waba nguzwilakhe Kievan Rus Yaroslav Mudry. Ngukumkani oko yaqala kweentyatyambo ixesha Rus.

Ukuthintela zamabango eendleko eziya etroneni Kievan ngu umninawa wakhe, waba Pskov, Yaroslav Sudislava kuvalelwa entolongweni.

Ubalo impi

Imbali wokulawula Yaroslava Mudrogo iqulethe iimbekiselo ezininzi impi. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• 1029 - ngephulo zoncedo nxamnye iingqayi Mstislav, yokugxothwa ukususela Tmutarakani (ngoku Krasnodar);
• 1031 - bahambe ndawonye Mstislav izibonda, ngenxa oyiswa isixeko Przemysl, akugubungele amanundu;
• 1036 - loyiso phezu iingalo Pechenegs kunye nokukhululwa yokuhlasela zabo Russia yamandulo;
• 1040 no 1044 iminyaka - isenzo emkhosini nxamnye Lithuania.

Iziphumo wolawulo Yaroslav Wesilumko. Politics kunye norhulumente

Innings Grand Duke uneminyaka 37. Wobukumkani Yaroslava Mudrogo kukuthi isithuba sokubuyisela ubulawuli of Kiev, xa amaninzi aseYurophu amazwe wafuna zomkhosi nezopolitiko ubuhlobo kunye naye. Ngenxa yezopolitiko onesiphiwo Yaroslav Mudry ekhethwayo naliphi na inyathelo bokuphathisana emkhosini. Yena nejonga amalungiselelo imitshato abantwana babo abalishumi kunye nezinye izalamane kunye nabalawuli aseYurophu kwababezikhonza sineenjongo ukhuseleko lwesizwe. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba bahlawule irhafu lonyaka kwi Varangians - 300 hryvnia zesilivere, leyo ezincinane kakhulu, kodwa ukugcina uxolo kwi kwemida emantla.

kakhulu kuba amandla wenza Yaroslav Mudry. Ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe bachitha kuphela sekomelezeni amandla omkhosi, kodwa ubomi kwefowuni zikarhulumente ngokungqinelana nemithetho. Xa yasetyenziswa yedolophu icawe imithetho "Inyaniso Yaroslav", egqalwa le nxalenye yamandulo mimiselo yokuqokelela 'Russian Inyaniso "amalungelo yamandulo.

Ukuba indoda zizifundiswa, Jaroslav ubakhathalele izifundo zemfundo: avule isikolo yokuqala nethala leencwadi. I yokuqala eRashiya, ithala leencwadi kwavulwa kubo eSt Nozipho Cathedral.

icebo yakhe ukujongana omnye umba obalulekileyo - utshintshelo lolawulo. iimfazwe zamakhaya, leyo kwakugquba phakathi balwamkele, ziye ekuweni ilizwe ekonakaleni, intlekele, isenza buthathaka kuyo nokwenza ixhoba lula kwiintshaba angaphandle. Ngokufuthi zicelo kuba isibingelelo eziphakamileyo izinto zabo okuqesha umkhosi phesheya apho bangene, baphanga labemi. Jaroslav kwezombangazwe abanetalente, ngokuqinisekileyo kakuhle ukubaluleka yokuphucula utshintshelo lolawulo, kodwa ingxaki zange zisonjululwe ngokunxulumene kunye nokufa.

iimpembelelo zenkolo

Iziphumo wolawulo Yaroslav yezilumko ayiphelelanga impumelelo ezopolitiko. Wenza lukhulu ukomeleza ubuKristu kweli lizwe. Ngowe-1051 Russian ibandla ekugqibeleni kunqumka phantsi kwempembelelo eConstantinople, kuqala ngokuzimela anyulwe Episcopal Cathedral abaMbhaxa Hilarion. Xa Church liguqulelwe inani elikhulu leencwadi yaseByzantium yembalelwano kwabo wokulondoloza imali eyabelwe imali eninzi.

ulawulo Yaroslava Mudrogo base ibhalwe yoonongendi Ukuba kwisininzi kunye neecawa. Godlo Crypt, St. Irene, eSt George ziwongwe kungekuphela nje ecaweni kodwa amaziko yentlalo nenkcubeko. Ngowe-1037, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha odumileyo St. Nozipho Cathedral, apho kamva kungcwatywa amanxiwa Yaroslav. Ngokomyalelo yakhe 1036-1037 gg. wakha Golden Gate odumileyo of Kiev, ngubani phezu icebo Yaroslav, bekufanele ukuba abonakalisa intshukumo kumbindi Christianity Orthodox e Kievan Rus.