Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe. ukubaluleka kwalo kwi isiphelo kwimbali Russia

XIII kwekhulu ngenxa yabantu eRussia kwithuba izilingo eziqatha, umzabalazo rhoqo ukuze siphile. Yaba ngeli xesha umthwalo onzima wawa phezu emagxeni abantu Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe. Kwaba kwinkulungwane XIII, Alexander Nevsky wabonisa entshonalanga ngezigalo Russian. Isiphumo longquzulwano abacimi kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu bayahlelwa isizwe siphela. Iinguqu abachaphazelekayo zonke iinkalo zobomi: yezoqoqosho, ezentlalo, zonqulo. Russia sele uhlobo osisidambisi, leyo waqhekeza malunga igagasi mbuya. Ukuba akazange avumele ingxokolo enkulu ka Mongol-AmaTatar phezu kwesibhakabhaka yase Europe.

Iphulo lokuqala Batu Khan kwaqala ngo-1236. Emva kokoyiswa iVolga Bulgaria of imikhosi yayo wabalekiselwa Ryazan. Ngoxa e Russia walawula kobunye phakathi abathetheli, alwe kunye abasemathanga kwafuneka Ryazanians yedwa. Ngenxa yoko, esi sixeko satshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kunye nabemi babulawa okanye asuswe ebukhobokeni, kuphela inxalenye encinane zabaleka, ezimele emahlathini. Bebonke isiphelo sinye ezehlela Kolomna, Vladimir, Suzdal kunye Torzhok. Khan Batu phuthuma Novgorod, kodwa ixhoba kwegazi ngumthwalo umkhosi sele azalufanelekela amanyathelo. Ngenxa yoko, i Mongols babuya umva.

Kodwa sele ngo 1239 anayo waqalisa iphulo elitsha, ekuthi ngalo babathimba, baphanga neento Kiev, Murom, Gorokhovets, emva koko abasemathanga athontelana kuqala Compostela-Volyn Rus, uze emva koko eYurophu. Kodwa qhubeka nokhankaso i Mongols aba Okwemfazwe kwegazi kunye nomkhosi Russian.

Ukuba Europe Batu wahamba wokututa, ngoko eRashiya nganye ngokomlinganiso enzima, donsa Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe. Eli lixesha elide ukumisa uphuhliso Russia. Wabangela umonakalo enzima kwezolimo kunye nenkcubeko. Iziphumo i Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe iRashiya kwaba nzima kakhulu. Ngexesha Amaphulo amabini sele utshiswe, baphanga imizi abamalunga nama-50, 14 kubo sele zazitshayelwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye khange zavuselelwa, imizi-15 ekuphuhliseni amaziko zorhwebo kunye yobugcisa baba ilali encinane.

Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo imephu Russia. Ngokuphawulekayo zanciphisa indima of Kiev, eseleyo emva kwempahla imizi hayi ngaphezulu kwe ezimakhulu mabini. Okungcono iinkosi AmaTatar ekufuduselweni ukuba ngamakhoboka abasebenzi, ukuphelisa wezandla ezintsonkothileyo. A umthwalo onzima lixhomekeke emagxeni imbeko kubantu Russian, oqeshwe abalawuli anayo. iinkosana Russian kwafuneka aye anayo ukuze afumane ilungelo lokulawula, okunyuke zizilawuli ukuqhekeka.

Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe waba awohluke yayo. Chief phakathi kwabo - kukuba iRashiya iye akafakwanga emazweni mkhosi. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba amahlathi Russian baba akafanelekanga ukuba mbuya. Olona phawu yesibini - le nokunyamezela le Mongol-nangezinto. Kwaye ibandla wayengekho phantsi phantse akukho iirhafu, ekhawulelana ababingeleli abagcina mbuya, wanqula nabathetheli Russian for nokunyamezelana.

Ngokubhukuqwa Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe wayesele kwinkulungwane XV, emva kokuba inkcaso Russian kunye imikhosi anayo kwi emlonyeni Ugra River. Akukho mntu akenzanga isigqibo kwimisebenzi esebenzayo, kodwa Khan Akhmat kwafuneka ukuba ahambe kunye nomkhosi wakhe, waza akaphumelela nokubuyiselwa igunya phezu Russia.