Koroleva Viktoriya: umfazi, wanika igama ixesha

Asingabo bonke ilawula ukuphuma inkosi ngokwayo kwimemori, njengalo mfazi. Xa ababhali-mbali bathetha le United Kingdom of Great Britain ne Northern Ireland, kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX, ukuba nabizelwa yeVictorian eNgilani, yaye ixesha ukususela 1837 ukuya 1901, kwiminyaka apho ulawulo koroleva Viktoriya, ebizwa ngokuba ixesha yeVictorian. Kodwa ekuqaleni tale baba kude kamnandi ...

Alexandrina Victoria yaba umntwana kuphela Edward Awugusto, iNkosana Kent ukusuka Hanover ubukhosi inkosazana kunye enye ithi German ka Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Zaalfeldskoy. unina kukaVictoria watshata okokuqala kwiminyaka eli-17, kodwa kwabonakala wayemiselwe ukuba athwale umnqamlezo womhlolokazi. Umyeni wakhe wokuqala wafa emva kweminyaka eli-11 sitshatile, eshiya umfazi kunye nabantwana ababini. Umtshato yesibini kwangenwa kuzo ngo-1818. UMyeni (iNkosana Kent) ngelo xesha 50 Kwiinyanga nje 8 emva kokuzalwa intombi yakhe ekuphela, wafa yinyumoniya (wayila-ntsholongwane ndisenani ukuza), iintsuku ezi-6 ngaphambi kayise, uKumkani Great Britain George III.

I-Queen Victoria elizayo wazalwa ngendlela Kensington Palace bethozamile ngaphandle London May 24, 1819. Nangona Victoria yadweliswa kuphela yesihlanu kumgca eziya etroneni, yaye ukuthatha amathuba bakhe slim, iNkosana Kent wayekholelwa ukuba ezinye iindlalifa baya kukwazi ukucela umngeni ikamva Victoria ukuya etroneni, ukuba umntu azalwe emhlabeni yaseBritani. Ngenxa yokuba zanyanzelisa ukusuka eJamani eNgilani. Victoria kwaba igama akhethelwe le ntombazana usana. Le owayemele wosana lowo Russian uMlawuli Alexander I, kuba igama lowesibini the Queen Alexandrina elizayo. Xa usapho yena kwathiwa Drina.

Victoria wazalwa losapho lobukumkani, kodwa ebuntwaneni sachithwa kwiimeko kunokuba emxinwa (uyise amshiya ityala ilifa).

Emva kayise nokufa uyisemkhulu wakhe, Victoria uthatha indawo yesithathu ngokuhambelana kwitrone emva oomalume bakhe ababini bantwana. King uba uGeorge IV, owayesakuba ubawo ibamba kwabagulayo ukususela 1811. Ukumkani omtsha ubunzima eekhilogram ezingaphezu kwe-120, wayemthanda obutofotofo kunye nokuzonwabisa. Nangona fan iincwadi Dzheyn Ostin, yena ukubukelwa amagcisa indleko yexesha lakhe, kodwa intombi yomzalwana yokumkani ongasekhoyo, axakane. Ndoda wavumela Victoria kunye nonina ukuze sifudukele Kensington Palace, yaye yamkela intombazana umxhesho encinane. UMzalwan 'Leopold unina (nguKumkani wobu Belgium) kuhlawulelwa imfundo yakhe.

UVictoria akazange ukuya esikolweni, yena wafunda kwikhaya kwembali, ukuma, imathematika, iziseko unqulo, ukudlala ipiyano kunye nomzobo. Kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala ebomini, wathetha isiJamani kuphela, kodwa kunokuba ngokukhawuleza kakuhle IsiNgesi nesiFrentshi. unina Conservative emkhusela kwiinkalo okubi ubomi yobukumkani, owafaka intombi yakhe amaxabiso amanene nangendlela nobuhlakani. Emva kokufa oobawokazi ezintathu, yahlukanisa inkosazana etroneni xa eneminyaka engama-18 ka-koroleva Viktoriya weza etroneni.

Yena elawula ilizwe engama-63, iinyanga 7 neentsuku 2 (ukususela kwiminyaka 1837 ukuya 1901), unanamhla ihlala uPhilip, itrone yaseBritani elide-bakhonza. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-21, iKumkanikazi zaseBritani watshata umzala wakhe Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, inkosana waseJamani. Zendela ngoFebruwari 10, 1840 kwigumbi le-Royal Ibhotwe e St James.

Ebudeni bolawulo kukaVictoria, iBrithani iye yaba ubukhosi enamandla, belawula ikota yehlabathi, amajoni ayo walwa izimpi ezininzi. labemi beli lizwe liye kabini kwaye iye yaba ubukhulu becala ezidolophini. Ubukhoboka kwayekwa. Kule mizi bekukho unikezelo lwamanzi, igesi, umbane, amapolisa, iindlela asphalt kunye Bikes sihla, izitampu zokuposa yokuqala nezihlekisayo, kwakunye sikaloliwe lokuqala kwihlabathi (i-London Tube odumileyo). Yakha mveliso kunye nemizila kaloliwe, ukufota kokusungulwa, amavili irabha, iibhokisi zeposi kuqala kunye oomatshini bokuthunga. Drina emva kokuba umyeni wakhe Albert abakhusela kobugcisa ezintsha kunye nomdla kuzo. Xa kwabonakala imithetho ngemfundo yabantwana kunye ubunzima nokuvulwa kwezikolo yaqala.

Koroleva Viktoriya waba Yibone bokuqala ababehlala Buckingham Palace. Wayendithanda ukucula ubomi bam bonke kakhulu ukuba ukuzoba, ukubhala iincwadi, yiya opera yaye kakhulu ngolonwabo emtshatweni. Noko ke, ukufa kwendoda yakhe bothuka ukumkanikazi. Albert waba umncedisi wakhe kulo kwaye ebukumkanini lizwe, kwaye intsapho. Wayimbambazelela ukufa kwakhe phantse-10 iminyaka de kokufa kwakhe, isijwili kunye nabantu babonisa akukho imvakalelo. Ekhohlo ngumhlolokazi eneminyaka eyi 42, iKumkanikazi zaseBritani ayifiki wawafumana amandla ukubuyela imisebenzi yakhe, kunye nabantwana.

E Victoria kunye Albert nabantwana abasithoba, abazukulwana 40 kakhulu-abazukulwana 37. abantwana zasebukhosini ezisibhozo ehleli phezu kweetrone of Europe. Bonke yasinda ebudaleni, nto leyo lwepaki kwinkulungwane XIX. Noko ke, njengoko kwaba kamva, koroleva Viktoriya waye inaso kubazali bakhe gene, Wayaneka sifo ngokusebenzisa imitshato morganatic intsapho ezininzi yaseYurophu yasebukhosini, kuquka intsapho Russian Tsar Nicholas II, lowo umfazi Alexander yaba umzukulwana ka-Queen Victoria. ndlalifa kwitrone Russian, Tsarevich Aleksey ubunzima kakhulu kwesi sifo.

I koroleva efanayo kakhulu Viktoriya, ogama engobomi akukho ukhathazeke isizukulwana mbali abaye basinda ngempumelelo iinzame ababusi abasixhenxe wafa 81 zestrowuku. Yena wangcwatyelwa yamangcwaba e Windsor Frogmorskom. Le Queen yangoku of Queen Elizabeth II i-United Kingdom kunye nomyeni wakhe, Prince Albert, nguye omkhulu-mkhulu-mkhulu-nabazukulu Victoria.