Aircraft: definition jikelele kunye neempawu

Ukusebenzisana khona umoya apho lo moya olupheleleyo esibhakabhakeni, uye umahluko omkhulu bubudlelwane kunye emoyeni, ibonakaliswa ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba. Igama elithi "moya" sichazwa yi imithetho esebenzayo kweli lizwe, ngokunjalo i-Convention Chicago. ERashiya, zonke iimpahla eyenzelwe imisebenzi ibhalwe ngendlela ethile. Kubalulekile ngokungqinelana nemithetho lusekiwe.

Ukuzimisela-moya

Ayizizo zonke moya zichongwe moya. Izixhobo ukuba yonyuse ukuhambisa kuphela inertia jet-amandla okanye emoyeni, musa kusebenza kubo. iinqanawa kuyo umgaqo othile yokugcina, irula kunye nobuchwepheshe isithuba, iibhaluni untethered.

Wokucoca ukuba iinqwelo-moya yahlulwe kwiiklasi. Apha ngezantsi kukho ezona ziphambili:

• A - uneebhaloni free;
• In - aerostats eziqhutywa (airships);
• C - moya nezinye;
• S - ekhwele isiphekepheke.

Court Civil (iintlobo)

Aircraft Civil Aviation ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi 2: izicelo zoluntu nezorhwebo, ngokuxhomekeke ngenjongo yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo.

Ukuba inqanawa libandakanyeka imisebenzi moya ngokwemiba yorhwebo, kunye nabantu zithwele imithwalo ezahlukeneyo, loo nto ithathwa njengempahla yorhwebo. Ukuba moya kusetyenziswa zehambo buqu okanye ishishini, libhekisela Aviation jikelele.

Okwangoku, yokwanda kwemfuno kuhlobo lwesibini moya. Yena bakholisa ukwenza imisebenzi akanako ukusombulula moya osebenza ngokwemiba yorhwebo. moya Civil of Aviation jikelele nako ukuthutha imithwalo amancinci. Lusetyenziswa mdlalo eyama kuba ukuthutha abakhenkethi, kwakunye nezinye iinjongo. Lo moya unawo amandla ugcine kakhulu abakhweli ixesha.

Court of Justice-moya musa fly ezicwangciselwe ngexesha elinye kunye Sathi ke akufuneki indiza enkulu. Abantu isebenzisa le hlobo inkonzo wentengo, ukuze ukhethe indlela ilandelayo endaweni emisiweyo, ngelo xesha ke akukho mfuneko yokuba babhalise kunye irekhodi moya.

Aircraft ngokungacwangciswanga zahlelwa ngohlobo ubunzima yayo ethile. Ukuze kube lula okanye nzima ngaphezu isithuba komoya. Court Light (ibhaloni, dirigible) ungaya phezulu emoyeni, ngaphandle koncedo sesityalo ekhethekileyo amandla, kwaye enzima (moya, isiwuza) ayikho phantsi amandla. iimpahla air Heavy umahluko kubume, nge apho inkxaso emoyeni.

Lo moya-moya (ngezigaba)

Iiflayithi ezi zitya zihlelwa kuxhomekeke khona, zokulinga kunye neempawu navigation (isixhobo kunye ebonwayo), ukusebenza wesithili, ubude, indawo kunye nexesha losuku.

Ngu moya zokuqeshwa zihlelwa:

• izithuthi, ithwele abantu imithwalo ezahlukeneyo;
• ukwenza umsebenzi eriyeli enxulumene nezolimo, ukwakha, ulondolozo kunye nezinye iindawo;
• Uqeqesho yenzelwe uqeqesho pilot;
• Uqeqesho kusetyenziswa ukubethelela ulwazi labaqhubi;
• Uphando eyimfuneko imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kunye nabanye.

I-ofisi yesithili semfundo ukuba enze zezi: aerodrome, areal, route kwaye yeka-piste.

iinqwelo Height zahlulwe kokudlulisela,, medium, ezinkulu iphakeme ezincinane kakhulu ezincinane, stratospheric.

Kuxhomekeka imiba elimi phezu apho bagqibileyo (eArabha, ezintabeni, entlango, amanzi, iindawo polar), iinqwelo nazo iziqinisekiso ethile.

Iimfuno enqanaweni

Eli qela-moya inoxanduva nokusebenza kwayo. isakhiwo sayo ungase wakhiwe abantu yobungcali imithwalo epheleleyo kwaye nokuba amaxwebhu isiqinisekiso eqinisekisa loo nto. Eli qela moya okubhala ukubhabha ephethe kuphela isigqibo ikhomishini lwezonyango, kufuneka kufuneka ukuba basebenze iiyure asifumani.

imigangatho ethile ukuze kuhlangatyezwane ngamalungu enqanaweni ebhaliswe Air Code of lizwe.

Flight crew

Commander, umqhubi yesibini, flight injineli amalungu ngokuqhelekileyo asemoyeni kuqamba. Le umphathi unoxanduva ukhuseleko moya kunye abakhona ababekhwele. Ubeke isitshixo wonke umsebenzi owenziwa ababekhwele kweso sitya, ukuba benze onke amagunya afunekayo.

Le co-elingwayo umphathi oncedisayo, yena uvumelekile ukuba enze imisebenzi yakhe.

Flight Iinjineli iqwalasela ngqo imo oomatshini kunye nezixhobo ngaphandle ukusebenzisana ukuba indiza kuba nako ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

kwabasebenzi bobuchule

Uxanduva engundoqo kubalindi moya ingqalelo ulawulo ukhuseleko abakhweli, ukusebenza iintshukumo ezichazwe yi na imigaqo ekhethekileyo. Kwimeko apho kukho imeko engaqhelekanga aba bantu banoxanduva yokuphumeza ngobungxamo abakhweli. Kwakhona, abalindi-moya zinyanzelekile ukuba ukudala iimeko unetarhu abantu ababekhwele kweso sikhephe.

Nabalindi aphantsi ukuya senior flight umlindi, ngubani ilungelelanise nezenzo zawo ngqwayi.

Lo moya isoloko kulawulwa ngabantu - abasebenzi okanye kude. Nanini na, lowo moya uyakwazi ukulawula inkqubo yomsebenzi wakhe.