Management kwi information technology: ingqiqo, iinjongo kunye neenjongo

Kakuhle ebhaliweyo qhinga sophuhliso nkampani - yenye iziseko impumelelo naliphi kumgca ishishini. Kodwa yena uphuhliso mhaka oluzinzileyo wathabatha ndawo kufuneka inikwe ulawulo olusebenzayo lwabasebenzi, ngaphandle apho ekuzuzweni kweenjongo zeqhinga lweshishini bekuya kuba yingxaki kakhulu. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo kukuvumela ukuba ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yolawulo bhetyebhetye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zangoku kwinkampani ethile.

Ngelo xesha, kungakhathaliseki ekukhetheni imodeli umsebenzi kunye nabasebenzi, ulawulo olusebenzayo ngeke kube njalo ngaphandle uhlalutyo data kakuhle.

Management Information Technology

Concepts ezifana nolawulo kunye nobugcisa ezinxulumene ngqo kwiprogram yokufaka ingcaciso ngaphakathi inkampani, nalapha ngaphakatyhi kusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini. Akumangalisi oku, kuba ifomati ishishini mihla lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa engaphephekiyo kwezo izixhobo ezikuvumela ukwandisa abasebenzi inkqubo yolawulo.

Ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kolawulo lolwazi technology ayikho nako kube yimpumelelo, njengoko kufunwa yi-iimeko lentengiso. Ngoko ke, i ngokuncedisana enjalo yobuchwepheshe namava umele kubo bonke abaphathi abafuna ukubona kwinqanaba eliphezulu umsebenzi weqela kunye nabasebenzi ngokubanzi.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba ixoxe Institute of Management and Information Technology, umsebenzi wokuqala ukujongana imiqathango lwangoku.

concepts key

Njengoko technologies inkcazelo ngokwabo uxhulumaniso olusebenzayo iinkqubo eziliqela, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ibalulekileyo kubo:

- system Ulwazi. Le nto kodwa zizo zonke izinto zentlalo kunye nezicwangciso ezifunekayo ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa, ukugcinwa, inkqubo, reflection kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi.

- Ulwazi Resource. Kule meko sithetha malunga uluhlu amaxwebhu nezibambiso ngamnye, inkampani ayakufuneka ukufeza iinjongo ezithile. Enyanisweni, iba sisibonelelo ngebande elinye kunye amandla, izinto zemali kunye ezahlukeneyo kuthetha zokoyisa imingeni engundoqo inkampani.

- automated system yolawulo. Loo nkqubo ibandakanya abasebenzi kunye nezibonelelo ukunceda imishini imisebenzi yayo. Enye msebenzi kukuba kubetheleleke technology yayo ingcaciso efanelekileyo yokusebenza kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yenkampani.

- ngokwawo IP. Inkqubo yolwazi, nto leyo lixhotyiswe izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, uvumela zokusebenzisa inkqubo.

- technology Ulwazi. Eli gama kufuneka ziqondwe iseti iinkqubo software ne-hardware kunye nemveliso ukuba zidityaniswe zibe kwikhonkco zeteknoloji enye. Ngale ndlela, kuba lula ukusebenza lonke lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba kwiindawo lolwazi, nto leyo kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuntsonkotha inkqubo. Ukuthembeka kunye nocikizeko ukusetyenziswa information technology kule meko kwakhona kwi unyuko.

inkqubo yolawulo

Ngaphandle ukuqonda kakuhle isifundo yolawulo kuya kuba nzima ukuba ubutyhile. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kufuneka baqonde ukuba njengoko emele nkqubo. Enyanisweni, sithetha malunga indlela ethile yolawulo efana nobuchwephesha, imali, abantu kunye neminye imithombo ukuba azalisekise imisebenzi eyabelwe iqela lweshishini elo.

Kufuneka iqondwe into yokuba inkqubo yolawulo namhlanje iquka abaninzi sub-iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, lwakhiwe ngokumalunga iimpawu ezithile. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu bagcine ukwahlulwa le nkqubo ibe izinto ezininzi ezinkulu, nganye kufuneka ukuba ukuphumeza injongo ethile ngobuchule.

Ngexesha uphuhliso kwezi amacandelo nkqubo kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ezi nkcukacha kule nkampani. Oku kuquka uhlalutyo le miba ilandelayo yeshishini lakho:

- uhlobo ilungiselelo lolwazi;

- Iinjongo yamacebo okulwa, ukusebenza kunye qhinga zombutho;

- iimpawu ulawulo iqela elithile abasebenzi;

- isicelo kwengcamango izigqibo zolawulo kunye nophando iindlela iintengiselwano ezinxulumene;

- isakhiwo, iinkqubo apho kunokwenzeka ukubonelela ngeenkonzo kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso;

- mission umbono inkampani;

- impumelelo eseleyo yemali yolawulo yenkampani;

- ukukhetha ilungelo lwezalathisi ukuvavanya umgangatho inkqubo ukuphumeza iinjongo eziphambili.

Ukuchaza ulawulo ngokufutshane, sinokuthi ukuba kukho izixhobo uhlalutyo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neziphumo eyenza ukuba kube lula kakhulu izigqibo zolawulo.

Kusondela kusetyenziswa kulawulo

Ukuthetha malunga ulawulo olusebenzayo abasebenzi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ngalo mzuzu akukho inkqubo efanayo yolawulo. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokuxhomekeka iinjongo, iprofayili nkampani kunye namava abaphathi, Ungasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukileyo ukucwangcisa ngokomgangatho umsebenzi abasebenzi.

Ukuba ingqeqesho okhoyo namhlanje onikela eyunivesithi bolwazi kunye nolawulo, sinako ukuchonga ubugcisa ezininzi ezingundoqo. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

- nkqubo;

- isimo;

- inkqubo;

- emisiweyo;

- marketing;

- complex.

Nganye kwezi nkalo yolawulo, kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, kunye usebenzisa ubuchule ezinjalo ivumela ubani ukuba afumane iziphumo ezilungileyo.

iinjongo eziphambili

Kucacile ukuba ulawulo kufuneka ukuphumeza iinjongo ezithile kule, enyanisweni, ixabiso layo. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukucinga izikhokelo ezisetyenziswa umsebenzi onzima efana nolawulo lwabasebenzi.

Ngenxa yoko, iinjongo zolawulo zezi zilandelayo:

- ukufuna okuqhubekayo ukuba iimarike ezintsha kunye nophuhliso agcina;

- umbutho abanobuchule lokukhuthazwa kwabasebenzi yenkampani 'ngokwenza umvuzo zokhuphiswano kunye neemeko zokusebenza;

- Ukukhethwa iingcali kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu lemfundo;

- esweni impumelelo nkampani kunye nokuphunyezwa iinjongo zayo;

- ukubonakalisa efanelekileyo kwimithombo zenkampani kunye ukukhangela iindlela zokuqinisekisa imali ngasekunene;

- Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo eya ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo eziphambili;

- ukuyilwa lwesakhiwo yesicwangciso sophuhliso yenkampani.

Kufuneka iqondwe ukuba inkampani ezonto ngokwayo kwaye lwandisa ixabiso layo, ulawulo uya kuba imisebenzi enzima kakhulu. Iindaba ezimnandi kukuba ubuchwepheshe ulawulo eguqukayo, ukuvumela ukuba ugcine inqanaba elamkelekileyo komsebenzi abo banoxanduva umgangatho abasebenzi.

kobuchwepheshe

Siye ezichazwe ngentla imisebenzi yolawulo esisiseko, kodwa ngenxa ukuphunyezwa kwazo ngempumelelo ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zolawulo eyiyo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba iteknoloji ulawulo yenye yeendima ezibalulekileyo kwinkampani ngempumelelo. Enyanisweni, oko iseti iindlela ezisetyenziswa yokuqokelela idatha, processing kunye nokusekwa kwe-qhinga kakhulu efanelekileyo.

Ngelo xesha njengoko izigqibo eziphambili kunye nenkqubo yabo ukuphunyezwa kufuneka ihlangabezane ixesha isakhelo lusekiwe. Kungenjalo, iinkqubo ezinqwenelekayo kungalindiswa ngokungeyomfuneko.

imigaqo eziliqela zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ubugcisa yolawulo. Oku kunokuba umgaqo ukulingana, isingqisho, ukuqhubeka, ezikhethiweyo kunye nentsebenziswano, bhetyebhetye kunye nabanye. Kungakhathaliseki kwimpumelelo ndlela ikakhulu emiselwe iindlela zolawulo ubukho kunye nokusebenzisa abanolwazi ulwazi. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka information technology. Inkqubo Management ngaphandle ukufikelela kwi zinedatha efanelekileyo ayikwazi iphumelela.

Ifuthe noqoqosho

Ukuze siqonde kakuhle eli iindlela kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwezibonelelo zabasebenzi inkampani, kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba zonke inkampani utsale izibonelelo, kuquka oluntu emarikeni ezihlala ziguquka.

Ngamanye amazwi, ezoqoqosho zeemarike kunye nolawulo - zizinto ezimbini zisoloko ezinxulumene kunye nabanye. Ukuba ingqalelo zonke iinkalo oku, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga mpawu zilandelayo lweenkqubo zolawulo mihla:

- Le nkampani ibonelela bazimele kwezoqoqosho kwabo banoxanduva lokwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela kwisiphumo lweshishini. Le ndlela ivumela abaphathi ukuba usebenze kakhulu ngokukhululekileyo, masiqhubekele ukwandisa inqanaba lwabo ngobuchule.

- iinkqubo utshintsho rhoqo kwaye ulungise iinjongo, ngokumalunga iinguqulelo ezinkulu kwiimeko zemarike.

- Ukusetyenziswa kolwazi mihla kunye nesiseko nobuchwepheshe computer. Ngaphandle kwezi zixhobo ukwenza izibalo ezininzi ekwenzeni izigqibo ezingundoqo kuya kuba nzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ulawulo lolwazi technology - buyinto engaphephekiyo ixesha lethu.

- Le nkampani igxininisa becala nezidingo zemakethi kunye nemfuneko, kwakunye neemfuno zabo abathengi abangabameli ezibalaseleyo abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kulo le nkampani. Ngenxa yoko, izibonelelo ezabiwa ngendlela eqinisekisa ngaphezu kwazo zonke imfuno yemveliso kakhulu efanelekileyo.

- Le nkampani izama ukuphucula ukusebenza yemveliso gama ukunciphisa iindleko, ngoko ke kubakho iziphumo ukunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kwingeniso.

Kucacile ukuba ulawulo lolwazi technology kuthetha ulwazi rhoqo nokuhlaziya, ubuchule, iindlela, kunye nokusingatha imijelo data enkulu.

umphathi zesayensi

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukileyo ulawulo olululo, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi amashishini kurhwebo yanamhlanje. Kodwa ke ukuba siyayijika emithonjeni, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngoyaba into yokuba isiseko kombono yangoku isikolo ulawulo zenzululwazi.

Ngunozala oku yi Frederick Taylor. A lot of nomzamo ukuyilwa le mbono kolawulo ezwi njengoko uHenry Gantt, uLily uGilbert Franks.

Ezi angekahlawulwa entsimini leengcali ulawulo olusekelwe ingqiqo yazo becala into yokuba xa vutlhari womlinganiselo, ukubeka esweni, uhlahlelo kunye logic, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuphumeza ngaphezulu uphuculo eziphathekayo ukusebenza kwenkqubo yabasebenzi.

Njengoko kwiinkalo eziphambili zohlalutyo kunye nophuhliso, ngomhla apho isikolo ulawulo lwezenzululwazi, uyakwazi ukuchaza ezi ndima zilandelayo nkampani:

- nophuhliso esesikweni Isakhiwo umbutho;

- ukuchongwa kwabo manyathelo eziya kunceda ukwahlula kakuhle phakathi imisebenzi wolawulo yesigqeba, okt neemfanelo, kwaye namandla;

- umbutho eyiyo inkqubo yabasebenzi.

Kukho kwakhona isikolo classical yolawulo okanye, ngokukodwa ngakumbi, umsebenzi wolawulo. Oku kuquka inani ngemigaqo zenze indlela eqhelekileyo ukuba uhlahlelo umsebenzi wolawulo, ekuyinto amaxesha ayo ngendlela ezininzi.

imigaqo enjalo ezibandakanya nokungeniswa lobuqu, nomdla womnntu ngamnye kwizinto ezifanayo, umoya corporate, ekhutshwayo nayo kuchazwa komdibaniso of legunya kwabasebenzi kunye nabanye.

Inkcazelo njengesixhobo solawulo

Sele wakhankanya into yokuba abasebenzi elikhokelayo kwaye ulungise algorithm imisebenzi yayo ngaphandle kwemali rhoqo ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye neenkcukacha kunzima kakhulu. Okunye ngqo, oko kunokwenzeka, kodwa ke iqondo ukusebenza njengesikhokelo esinjalo kuba sezantsi kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iindlela ezahlukeneyo kulawulo nakanjani zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa ngobuqili ulwazi.

Ukuze isebenze i onjalo algorithm yolawulo kufuna nkqubo kunye data ezingezizo ngokwabo ngaphandle umgomo lweziqalelo kunye eziphathekayo. Enyanisweni, sithetha unxibelelwano ezisemgangathweni kunye nabasebenzi yenkampani information technology.

Kananjalo ulawulo mihla ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa izixhobo zenzululwazi. Oku oluntsonkothileyo imifuziselo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ivumela umphathi ukuba enze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo kwisithuba olude elifutshane ixesha. Xa intliziyo izixhobo ezinjalo iindlela zemathematika, nto leyo ithetha kuqala ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kuyimfuneko, uze nokuzithumela kwifomati efanelekileyo, yaye kuphela emva koko ukuqala abahlalutyi inkqubo.

Xa siqwalasela ulawulo information technology ngokusebenzisa bemilo zokusebenza, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwahlula le misebenzi ilandelayo ezenzeka rhoqo:

- Formation of a iingxelo zophicotho oluneenkcukacha, nto leyo ibonisa imeko kule nkampani;

- ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko ngokweemfuno zangoku

- processing of data enxulumene imisebenzi, leyo ziveliswa kwi nkampani.

Ezo zobuchwepheshe kuyimfuneko kuba abaphathi rhoqo kufuneka ukujongana izixa ezikhulu data isekwimo ebizwa ngokuba yi-eluhlaza. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka inkcazelo ethe ezibekwe. Yiyo le ngxaki kwaye basombulule Unezixhobo ezininzi.

Kulo mzekelo iinkalo eziphambili lweenkcukacha zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ulwazi Collection.

2. Ukunenzela idatha eyafunyanwa. Kulo mzekelo, sisebenzisa ezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

- kudweliswe okanye uhlobo lolwazi, nto leyo ithetha ukuba umsebenzi iibhloko ezithile ikhowudi data, ukuvumela ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula ukuba bahambise ulwazi kumaqela;

- ukuhlela kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa ulwazi kudaleke ulandelelwano efunekayo;

- ukubala usebenzisa imisebenzi ubhalo nasekubaleni ngamanani;

- udibaniso okanye ukuhlanganiswa, elo malihlawulelwe ukunciphisa isixa data, Internet kuphela iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo.

3. Ugcino lwedata. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iinkcukacha ekhethekileyo base.

4. Formation yamaxwebhu ngohlobo iingxelo. Amaxwebhu anjalo kamva zinikwa abaphathi kunye namaqabane angaphandle le nkampani, ukuze uqhelane kunye nemiba zokufezekisa iinjongo eziphambili lweshishini.

iziphumo

Kucacile ukuba nokuphuma esikhulu solwazi, ukuba ngamaxesha onke kuwa kubaphathi neengcali kwezenzululwazi computer, ube yingxaki obubonakalayo ngaphandle umbutho ngokufanelekileyo bazohlule nohlalutyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuba izicwili ulwazi iya kusiwa, ngoko sebenzisa ulwazi ukuphucula ukusebenza iinkqubo akuyi kuba lula. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ingqeqesho "Information Technologies in Management" ngokuya kwanda kuba likuvumela ukuba ulungiselele iingcali bakwazi ukulungiselela inkqubo esemgangathweni ulawulo kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iimfuno zeenkampani mihla.