Frederick Taylor. Owasungula le mbutho lwenzululwazi abasebenzi kunye nolawulo

Eyona njongo naliphi na ishishini - ekuphuculeni parameters wokusebenza kwabo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukunyusa imveliso yabasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ezingeyomfuneko. Frederick Winslow Taylor ichonge izinto ezichaphazela imveliso, kodwa wenza ngumdali kweenkqubo zolawulo zenzululwazi. Esebenzisa uthotho amalinge, wagqiba-avareji ixesha norm ukugqitywa imisebenzi ethile kunye neendlela ezingcono yokugcwalisa kubo.

Frederick Taylor: A Biography

Umsunguli elizayo ulawulo lwenzululwazi, wazalwa ngo1856 xa igqwetha ntsapho Pennsylvania. Wafunda eFransi naseJamani, yaye kamva e New Hampshire, e Exeter Academy. Frederick Winslow Taylor ekuqaleni ukuba igqwetha njengoyise. Yena ngempumelelo izifundo ngo-1847 ukususela College Harvard kule ezobuchwepheshe, kodwa wabonisa iingxaki umbono akazange avumele ukuba aqhubeke nemfundo yakhe.

umsebenzi wakhe Frederick Taylor waqalisa njenge modeler ngogesi, ixesha waba imishini, kodwa xa eneminyaka engama-35, wonyuselwa ukuba umcebisi ulawulo emva kokuba kuqhutywe ngempumelelo uthotho-experimenti kwi lokusila ophuma Midvele, kwaye zisekelwe phezu iziphumo zazo wenza iziphakamiso ezibaluleke kubalawuli. Apha yena iminyaka emithandathu sele engasekho elula kumvuzo-kumsebenzi injineli oyintloko, imbalelwano enxuseneyo wafumana imfundo yobugcisa, kwaye okokuqala yemivuzo neenkalo kubasebenzi yabo nemveliso yazo.

impumelelo Professional

Ngowe-1890, umseki elizayo Taylorism iphela umsebenzi wakhe zobunjineli waba nomphathi jikelele icandelo laba benzi kwi ePhiladelphia ngokuqinileyo investment. Kodwa ke kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, wagqiba ekubeni aqale ishishini lakhe waza waba ngowokuqala kwi imbali yolawulo ngumcebisi labucala. Ngaxeshanye, Frederick Taylor abakule popularization of ngeendlela zobunzululwazi yolawulo lwemveliso ngokusebenzisa ubulungu balo kwi American Society of Mechanical Engineers, uye akakafiki kwasekwa umbutho owenzelwe lo mba.

iingqiqo senkolelo wamngenisa kuye ethandwa ehlabathini lonke, ISAZINZULU echazwe imisebenzi ezintathu ezinkulu:

• "Management Factory";
• "Principles of Management Scientific";
• "Ubungqina phambi Congress yikomishoni okhethekileyo."

nokuhlola okusebenzayo

Xa ukusebenza kumzi-mveliso sentsimbi Taylor uphando ixesha elichithwa nendlela oqhutywa ngayo imisebenzi yemveliso ngamnye. Le ulwazi lokuqala yaba ukulinganisa amathuba ezingundoqo kusikwe ihagu yentsimbi. Frederick Taylor wakwazi baphethe imveliso avareji nemigangatho yabasebenzi, leyo waqala ngoko ukuze umfundi azinabisele kubasebenzi bonke. Ngenxa yoko, umvuzo lweshishini landa ngokuphindwe 1.6 ngenxa ukwandisa imveliso phantse 4 emhlambini kwaye kulungelelaniswe inkqubo yokuvelisa of etshe.

Kakuhle eli uvavanyo lwesibini, oluqhutywa yi-Taylor, yayikukuqinisekisa iindlela kangangoko ukuba isebenzisane workpieces kwi matshini kunye nomlawuli, leyo kokusungulwa ngokukodwa ngakuye, kwaye isantya ekunene ahlabayo. Le lweshishini iye amashumi amawaka ucwaningo ukuthi yatyhila iinkalo 12 oluchaphazela ukusebenza lokugqibela lwaqhutywa.

theory uphando

ulawulo Scientific - Gnostic iingcamango abeke phambili ngokuphathelele ithiyori ulawulo Taylor nangezenzo. indlela lakhe ibandakanya imijikelo okuphindwayo elifutshane, ulandelelwano eneenkcukacha lemisebenzi abasebenzi ngalinye ilungu, esweni ukuphunyezwa kweenjongo kunye lokukhuthazwa kwabasebenzi ngokusebenzisa inkqubo imivuzo eziphathekayo. Used namhlanje kwimibutho ezininzi neenkalo inkqubo kwentlawulo kunye neebhonasi zentsebenzo yakhiwe ngexesha layo lokusebenza. Ngokutsho abaphandi yolawulo lombutho eziphambili Andrzej Huchinski noDavid Buchanan, ukusebenza, nakwiingqikelelo ezenziwayo, nokulawula inkqubo yemveliso - le njongo, nto leyo ekuthiwa yabhalwa Frederick Taylor kubaphathi yinzululwazi.

Unxibelelwano ubomi ngabantu,

Ngenxa ukuqwalaselwa kwexesha yokusebenza uqobo kunciphisa imfuno yabasebenzi, nkqu abasebenzi nomsindo wazama ukubulala sisazinzulu. Ekuqaleni, iinkokeli zoshishino akuchasa oko, yaye US Congress, ikhomishini ekhethekileyo ukufunda ngeziphumo zakhe yasekwa.

Ukususela ngo-1895, Taylor wazinikela isifundo mbutho zenzululwazi apho. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, weza wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ntle kwishishini kunokwenzeka kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo ngomqeshwa ngamnye. Le Isazinzulu wafa eneminyaka engama-59 ukusuka pneumonia, eshiya izigqibo ukuba bakhuthaze abaphandi kunye noosomashishini namhlanje.

Frederick Taylor: Principles of Management

inkqubo yolawulo Scientific isekelwe "iintsika" ezintathu: emgangathweni kweenkqubo zomsebenzi, ukhetho ngendlela kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi, ukhuthazo wemali njengoko umvuzo ngomsebenzi omhle. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba kwawo of Taylor - ayanelanga zokukhuthaza abasebenzi, ngoko ke nje kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo elingusomashishini mihla.

Xa intliziyo inkqubo eyenziwe zizazinzulu Labor Organization imigaqo-4:

• ingqalelo amacandelo ngamnye senkqubo yemveliso ngokusekwa kwemithetho kunye neefomula ekubulaweni zabo ngempumelelo.
• Ukukhetha ngenyameko kwabasebenzi, uqeqesho lwabo nophuhliso lobungcali, kwakunye ukugxothwa abo bangakwaziyo ukuqonda ulawulo yenzululwazi.
• ulawulo ngempendulo kunye nabasebenzi kunye ukuhlangabezana lwamashisini kunye nenzululwazi.
• Ukusasazwa lwemisebenzi phakathi kwabasebenzi nolawulo: eyokuqala unoxanduva umgangatho nomthamo wabo imveliso yokugqibela, ngoxa abanye - yophuhliso neengcebiso zokuphucula intlangano yabasebenzi.

Taylor migaqo ingasentla zingqineke ezichanekileyo, ngokuba kwenkulungwane kamva, ukuba isiseko ukusebenza naliphi na ishishini, kunye nofundo lokuba inkqubo yolawulo - yenye imiyalelo eziphambili zophando.