German U-izikhephe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II: imifanekiso kunye nokubalulwa

Isiphumo nayiphi na imfazwe kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ukubaluleka iphakathi apho, kakade, izixhobo. Nangona yokuba ngokupheleleyo zonke lweenqanawa ezintywilayo German kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II baba namandla kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba buqu Adolf Hitler ingqalelo isixhobo zabo zibalulekileyo kwaye wahlawula ingqalelo kuphuhliso lolu shishino, kwakungenakuza ibangela umonakalo, leyo zinesibalo lanempembelelo imfazwe. Bekutheni ukuze oku kwenzeke? Ngubani umi nelaye komkhosi kwamanzi? Ngaba ngokwenene lweenqanawa ezintywilayo German kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II gidi kangaka? Kutheni ezinjalo phambili-amaNazi abazange bakwazi ukuyoyisa Red Army? Impendulo kule mibuzo neminye zingafunyanwa kwi ngokutsha.

ulwazi jikelele

Kwathathwa ndawonye, zonke izixhobo, emi phezu iingalo Wesithathu ngexesha Second World War, wabizwa ngokuba "Kriegsmarine" ngwenya kwabalelwa kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye arsenal. Xa isebe eyahlukileyo izixhobo sasiqubha wasiwa Nov. 1, 1934, kwaye apheliswe le nqanawa sele emva kokuphela kwemfazwe, oko kukuthi. E. ubuqale wanazo iminyaka elishumi. Kwixesha elingephi bexesha German U-izikhephe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II yazisa eninzi yokoyika imiphefumlo zeentshaba zabo, eshiya ubukho enkulu phezu kumaphepha igazi imbali Wesithathu. Amawaka kwabafileyo, amakhulu iinqanawa ezazikayo, yonke into eseleyo kwi isazela kwabasindileyo lwamaNazi kunye baphantsi kwabo.

Commander e Chief of the Kriegsmarine

Ngexesha Second World War, xa eqeqesha kwi Kriegsmarine ngomnye lwamaNazi idumileyo - uKarl Doenitz. lweenqanawa ezintywilayo German ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II wayedlala, Kakade ke, kubalulekile, kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke ngaphandle lo mntu. Yena ngokwakhe inxaxheba ekudalweni izicwangciso ukuhlasela iintshaba, kwaye bathatha inxaxheba uhlaselo neenqanawa ezininzi; kwaye wenze inkqubela kule ndlela, kuba apho bawongwa Bawela Knight kaThixo kunye Oak kushiya - enye mabhaso ezibalulekileyo ku Germany. Doenitz yaba admirer uHitler ezihlangwini zakhe kukuba buhlungu kakhulu phakathi izilingo eNuremberg, kuba emva kokufa kokuba uMlawuli kaThixo, yena ingqalelo intloko Wesithathu.

iimpawu technical

Asinto nzima ukuba baqashele ukuba Karl Doenitz waba uxanduva urhulumente yomkhosi kwamanzi. lweenqanawa ezintywilayo German ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ifoto eyabonakala igunya labo, ine onocwangco iparameters.

Ngokubanzi, i-Kriegsmarine yambethe iintlobo 21 ii nkwili. Yokubambela ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukubana: ukusuka 275 ukuya kwiitoni 2710;
• Isantya komhlaba: ukusuka 9.7 kwiiyunithi 19.2;
• isantya kwamanzi: ukusuka 6.9 ukuya 17.2;
• ubunzulu: ukusuka kwiimitha ezili-150 ukuya kuma-280.

Oku kungqina ukuba German U-izikhephe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II abazange onamandla kuphela, baba phakathi zixhobo zinamandla lwamazwe ningazani eJamani.

Ukwakhiwa Kriegsmarine

Izikhephe zomkhosi fleet eJamani 1154 ngwenya. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kude September 1939 inkwili yaba ziziqwenga 57 kuphela, abanye baye yakhiwe ngokukodwa imfazwe. Abanye babo kwikhompyutha. Ngoko, kwakukho ezintlanu Dutch 4 Italian, Norwegian 2 no omnye IsiNgesi ngwenya French. Bonke bephela, wamfaka kunye Wesithathu.

Navy Impumelelo

Kriegsmarine kuyo imfazwe babulala eninzi yomonakalo abachasi bakhe. Umzekelo, umthetheli isebenzayo Otto Kretschmer yazika phantse amahlanu iinqanawa yotshaba. Ngaba ziintshatsheli balo phakathi iinqanawa. Umzekelo, ngwenya waseJamani U-48 yazika isitya 52.

Kuyo yonke kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, imikhosi yaseJamani aselwandle bakwazi ukutshabalalisa abonakalisi 63, cruisers 9, abathwali moya nkqu 7 2 Zempi. Le mpumelelo inkulu kwaye uninzi langutana ukuba umkhosi waseJamani phakathi kwabo kube nokuqwalaselwa izikhukula wempi "Royal Oak", crew ogama lwaluquka amawaka abantu, yaye ukubana yalo tons 31.200.

plan Z

Njengoko uHitler ingqalelo umkhosi wakhe kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uloyiso Jamani phezu kwamanye amazwe yaye waziva ngaye kuphela iimvakalelo ezintle, wamnika eninzi ingqalelo, kwaye agcine mali. Ngowe-1939, kwisicwangciso sophuhliso kuba Kriegsmarine saphuhliswa kwiminyaka ezayo-10, nto leyo, ngethamsanqa, akazange ukuphatha ifezeke. Ngokutsho kwesi sicwangciso, sifanele ukuba wakha ambalwa kakhulu ezinamandla Zempi, cruisers ngwenya.

Enamandla German U-izikhephe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Iifoto ezithile lokusinda German technology inkwili ukunika ingcinga yokuba amandla ka Navy of Wesithathu, kodwa zibonisa wavuma kuphela komnqweno njani lo mkhosi. Uninzi nesinqanawa yaseJamani yaba lweenqanawa ezintywilayo uchwetheze VII, baba seaworthiness kakuhle, yaba ubukhulu kuthetha, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukwakhiwa yabo iphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo ibalulekileyo lemfazwe.

Bayakwazi ukuntywila ukuba kubunzulu kweemitha ezingama-320 kunye ukubana ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-769, eli qela kubaqeshwa 42 ukuya 52. Nangona isibakala sokuba "Zisixhenxe" baba izikhitshana kwizinga entle ophezulu, ngokuhamba kwexesha ilizwe utshaba iJamani kwaphucuka izixhobo zawo, ngoko ke amaJamani kwakufuneka ukuba asebenze kwi-maxesha wembewu yabo. Ngenxa yoko, inqanawa kwabonakala kokulungiswa ezimbalwa. Eyona ethandwayo kula VIIC model, ongabanga kuphela isimntwiso kwamandla German emkhosini ngexesha uhlaselo kwi-Atlantic, kodwa kakhulu bekhululekile ngaphezu inguquko yangaphambili. Ubukhulu encomekayo ukuvumela ukufaka iinjini idizili enamandla ngakumbi, kwaye ukuguqulwa okulandelayo kuyenziwa housings ezahlukeneyo kwaye irobust ezongeziweyo ukuba ukuvumela ujule.

German U-izikhephe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II babewiselwe rhoqo, njengokuba besinokutsho namhlanje, ukuze kuphuculwe. Enye iimodeli ezininzi ezintsha kuthathwa ukuba uhlobo xxi. Le inkwili wadalwa kwinkqubo umoya kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo esele yenzelwe ukuba iqela elide ukuhlala phantsi kwamanzi. Xa zizonke izikhephe 118 olu hlobo kwakhiwa.

Neziphumo zemisebenzi yalo Kriegsmarine

lweenqanawa ezintywilayo German kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ifoto leyo ke kaninzi ingafumaneka kwi iincwadi kwizixhobo emkhosini, kuba idlale indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu ekuqaleni Wesithathu. amandla abo ayikwazi phantsi, kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba nkqu nokhuseleko leyo kakhulu igazi le uMlawuli kwimbali lehlabathi nesinqanawa German yaye akakwazi ukuba amandla akhe ukuze aphumelele. Mhlawumbi, akukho izixhobo ngokwaneleyo elungileyo kunye nomkhosi onamandla, ukuba litshitshiswe iJamani akazange abe ezaneleyo wit kunye nesibindi, ebinezinto amajoni akhaliphileyo eSoviet Union. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba amaNazi gazi kakhulu kwaye ngendlela yayo bangafuni encinane, kodwa zange ukubanceda mhlawumbi umkhosi kakhulu axhotyiswe, nokungaluki akubalulekanga imigaqo. izithuthi vehicles, nasebulawini into eninzi iimbumbulu kunye nophuhliso yakutshanje azizange Wesithathu kwiziphumo ezilindelekileyo.