Ukulwa Great kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I: Brusilov ekhubekisayo

Ukulwa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunqabile enxibe uhlobo ekhubekisayo. Imfazwe kwenzeka sluggishly indawo, kodwa igazi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwaba, mhlawumbi, kodwa ngowe-1916, xa lo umyalelo Russian liye laququzelela ekhubekisayo omkhulu kwi-South-Western Front. Esi siganeko waziwa kakuhle kwimbali zomkhosi njengoko Brusilov ekhubekisayo.

Jikelele Brusilov, imbeko elinyana igama le usebenze kanzima, basebenzisa ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye ezintsha ngokupheleleyo ngexesha yayizindlela nhlanganiso. Umongo oko phantsi ukuziphendulela utshaba ngokukrwela enamandla kwicala engundoqo kunye nokuxhasa zogwayimbo ngaxeshanye kwezinye izalathiso. Ngenxa yoko, oovimba kunye nemikhosi saa, kwaye utshaba ayikwazanga ibonisa umthwalo, ukulahlekelwa izikhundla zabo.

Enyanisweni Brusilov ekhubekisayo waba esitsha kwisigaba kwimbali ngamachule okulwa imfazwe.

Izinga Verkhovna ngo-1916 yamkela isigqibo esekelwe kumfanekiso iyonke ngamajoni, indima ephambili kwinqanaba lohlaselo uthabathe Front Western, ngenkxaso ye-North. A South-Western Front, nelikhokelwa ngu General Brusilov, kwafuneka ukuba bazikhusele baze bakwazi imikhosi yotshaba kuphela. Kodwa buqu Brussilov zanyanzelisa wenza ekhubekisayo ngokupheleleyo amabutho Russian ukusuka emazantsi-ntshona.

Amalungiselelo kuba Brusilov ekhubekisayo kuthwalelwa phandle ngenyameko enkulu kwaye emfihlekweni ngokupheleleyo. I Sukwenza umyalelo Austria-Hungarian ngokubanzi bazi izicwangciso Entente, kodwa zizele intembelo yokuba emva kotyando ayiphumelelanga ngo-1915 imikhosi Russian abazange nabuganga kwakhona ukuba baqhube imisebenzi ekhubekisayo.

Ngelo xesha, umkhosi Russian babuthana ukwaphula iindawo, amajoni bafunda ukuba boyise imiqobo, zokudubula - ukuze ndibutshitshise i ukhuseleko kunye imiqobo. Kwaqengqeleka iinyanga eziliqela, abantu kwi-South-Western Front zaye amaqhinga ngokwamaqela ayibonakali yotshaba.

Ngentsasa ngoJuni 4, 1916, ebuhlungu kuba amajoni Austria-Hungarian. Zilinde ukufa blinding: volleys amawaka imipu wajika imiwe izikhundla ezinqatyisiweyo ndiseluthulini naseluthuthwini. Uhlaselo imikhosi Russian ayiphumelelanga kuzo zonke iindawo zale Breakout.

zokudubula Russian kunye nomkhosi wenza Akumangalisi ngokuvumelana. Ngokukhuselekileyo wambu ngumlilo zokudubula wabo, elihamba safudukela uhlaselo. Bahamba ngamaza, ezintathu okanye ezine kwityathanga ngalinye, kumgama amanyathelo 170-200 omnye komnye. Yokuhlasela i "kuluhlu".

esebenza ngempumelelo Army Jikelele Kaledin ephangweni ekunene kwicala Lutsk. Esi sixeko Lutsk sathathwa kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuqalisa ekhubekisayo, kwaye utshaba utyhalelwa umva yi km 60 nzulu, ku Stokhid emlanjeni.

Ephangweni lasekhohlo Jikelele Lechitskogo umkhosi yakwazi ukuya phezulu ayi-120, wawela mfula waza wayithimba Chernovtsy nge 18 June.

wenza Ngaphantsi kakuhle yi Jikelele Army yiSakharov, bejamelene nokumelana kanobomi Austria-Hungarians.

Brusilov ukuphumelela kwakuthetha yintlekele imikhosi ye Triple Alliance.

Ukuze kuphumelela, kwagqitywa ukutshintshela ngesibetho esikhulu ukuya Front Western kwi South-West. Izinga kwixesha elithile gaga, belinde umthetheli-Western Group of Forces, Jikelele Evert ukuya ukuba lihlasele esebenzayo. Noko ke, akazange abe nobuganga, kwaye kwisiqingatha sesibini Juni ukuze Brusylov imikhosi reserve baqalisa ukufika. Phantsi yengcinezelo evela Umyalelo Ephakamileyo, Evert wajoyina lohlaselo akuphumelelanga ngakwicala Baranovichi.

Germany, Austria kunye Italy waqalisa ukutsala ungxamile, amajoni ayo ukuya South-Western Front ukukhusela Kovel ngobuchule ebalulekileyo. Brusilov iqalise ekhubekisayo entsha kwi Kovel kunye Brody, kodwa utshaba ukumelana komsindo wakwazi ukuzinzisa le meko imiphambili. Ekupheleni kukaJuni, xa impi kwakhona ingasenza.

Ubukhulu becala ngenxa nazigqibo kunye lokungasebenzi Bet Brusilov idabi alukhange lufumane uphuhliso olululo kunye nempumelelo. Noko ke, esi siganeko wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kweli phulo ngowe-1916.

Ukulahleka butho Austria-Hungarian malunga elinye kunye nabantu nesiqingatha sesigidi nxamnye 500 lamawaka kwicala Russian. Ibanjwa sathathwa 450 lamawaka amajoni Austrian kunye namagosa phantse 10,000.

Ukulwa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I baphathe loo amajoni luck Entente: yoyiswa yonke Bukovina kunye inxalenye Compostela. Germany Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukutshintshela amaqela-16 ukusuka kwi Western Front, kunye Austria zonke wajika ekhubekisayo yabo kwicala eItali, ukuguqulela ngokweentlantlu Compostela 7. Kwakhona Turkey wasungula ngokweentlantlu zawo 2.

Brusilov ukuphumelela iye yakhokelela ekubeni eRomania ngoAgasti 1916, wagqiba ekubeni athabathe phesheya Entente.

Ngaloo ndlela, nangona incompleteness yayo jikelele, lo msebenzi akrelekrele emkhosini Yayikufanele bangena amadabi ezimakhulu mkhulu kwimbali yoluntu.