Laseburhulumenteni kunye namazwe Tolstoy Pet Andreevich: A Biography, iimpawu imisebenzi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Tolstoy Pet Andreevich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane eya ngezantsi, yaba ngonozakuzaku obalaseleyo Russian kunye sikatata. Wayengomnye iinkokeli zenkonzo elihlebo ukumkani uceba yangasese.

UPyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy: A Biography

Le laseburhulumenteni elizayo yaba okolnichy nonyana. Unina - Solomonic Miloslavskaya - yaba isalamane ezikude uMary uKumkanikazi. Tolstoy Pet Andreevich (1645-1729 GG.), Wakhonza ke stolnik enkundleni. Ngowe-1682, May 15, ngexesha musketeers isidubedube yena luxhaswe umalume wakhe I. M. Miloslavskogo, ukukhulisa abo bavukeli, phezulu bemmangalela Naryshkins ukufa Prince Ivan. Emva ukubhukuqwa itrone ka Nozipho Tolstoy uPyotr Andreyevich ukuba kwicala wenguquko enkulu. Noko ke, ukumkani ngayo ingqele defector ngokwaneleyo. 1 Petros thembi Tolstoy. Ukumkani akazange ukuphucula ubudlelwane kunye nokulwa ngexesha lephulo Azov yokugqibela ngo-1696 Ngo-1697, umlawuli wathumela amavolontiya amazwe uqeqesho. I ngokuzithandela ukuba ndiye uPyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy. imfundo yabantwana ngelo xesha ubukhulu becala ekhaya, njengoko amaziko asele ekhona ke wavelisa abakhonzi zokomoya okanye yoluntu. Iminyaka emibini e-Italy Tolstoy wafunda oomatiloshe nje kuphela, kodwa ndaqhelana lenkcubeko yaseNtshona.

umsebenzi laso

Ngasekupheleni 1701 Tolstoy Pet Andreevich wamiselwa ngunozakuzaku eConstantinople. Waba-arhente yokuqala Russian ozakuzo. Isikhundla kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Lo msebenzi izaliswe ziingozi neengxaki ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, kwisithuba 1710-1713 ezinobuzaza gg. Ambassador kabini Semibashennom waba nqaba. Ukongeza, indawo ihambisa kude inani yakomkhulu. Ngowe-1714, Tolstoy Pet Andreevich wabuyela eRashiya. Apha anayo kuye A. D. Menshikova, ababephila ukuzithemba ekhethekileyo wokumkani. Emva kwexesha elithile, uTolstoy wamisa leNdlu yeeNgwevu. Kweli thuba ukususela 1715 ukuya 1719. laso athunywe kwi sikhokelo ubudlelwane ne-Prussia, Denmark ne England.

Case 1 Weva unyana uPeter

Ngowe-1717, Tsarevich Aleksey ezimela Naples inkosikazi yakhe Euphrosyne. UPetros wathumela ukukhangela kuye Rumyantsev kunye Tolstoy. Emva kokuba usebenzise zonke yalo lwezakhono ozakuzo ukuba sibuyele kwisikhulu Russian. UTolstoy wamnika ileta evela uPetros, apho uyise wathi kunyana wakhe ukuxolelwa ukuba abuyele ngokuzithandela kwilizwe lawo. Noko ke, umyalezo akazange akwazi ukweyisela umthetheli ukuya umva. Koko wangenela Tolstoy. Peter A. nguLwesihlanu elinye lamagosa Austrian ukuba wathi wokubuyiswa Alexei - sele isigqibo. Ngenxa yoko, inkosana kwafuneka ukuba aye eRashiya.

Tolstoy nayo yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo izilingo Alexei. Kuba lo wavuzwa amafa kunye eyiNtloko Imfihlelo Chancellery, nto leyo ke ngelo xesha omninzi ezinxulumene yombhodamo phakathi kwabantu malunga okumiselwe Prince. Ukusuka kule ndawo, uTolstoy wayengomnye trustees kunye nabantu ikufutshane kuPetros 1. Lo mzekelo Prince negalelo uzowenza rapprochement kunye uKumkanikazi uCatherine. Ngosuku ibekwa, May 18, 1724, yangummiselo okhethekileyo bukakumkani wawongwa kwisihloko Count.

Ungqubano Menshikov

Emva kokufa uPetros wenyuka etroneni uCatherine. Tolstoy kunye Menshikov ebexakekile negalelo ubukumkani yayo. Kwakukho, elingumthombo, lelinye umgqatswa ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi. Kodwa uTolstoy wayesazi ukuba xa ufika amandla ngoko ke umfana Peter A. (nyana Tsarevich Alexei), umsebenzi wakhe njenge laseburhulumenteni ngoko nangoko kupheza. Ngapha koko, ukuba babandakanyeke yokusetsha abuyele eRashiya, uyise. Noko ke, isiphelo akazange, njengoko uTolstoy wacinga. Ukusebenza kunye Menshikov kakhulu ixesha elide, waphula kunye yokugqibela phezu umbuzo ozothatha uKumkanikazi.

Isicwangciso awabekwa olucetywayo Peter I Austria isithunywa Rabutin. Kulindeleke ukuba ukwakha etroneni yakhe, ukutshata intombi Menshikov. UTolstoy, ke, esabela yena kunye nosapho lwakhe, zanyanzelisa utshintshelo lolawulo kwintombi Peter 1 Ke Menshikov iphumelele kule mpi. Ngenxa yoko, laso unyaka-82 ubudala wanikwa isigwebo sokufa, saba ukuba ahlale kwi Solovetsky Monastery. Wamemezela loMlawuli Count uPyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy noonyana bakhe zabandezwa zonke iincwadi. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, emva kokuhlala emgodini uzowenza emanzi wafa. Kunye naye Solovetsky Monastery yayimi kunye nonyana wakhe Ivan. Yena wafa ngo 1728,

usapho

PA Tolstoy wayetshate Solomonic Timofyevna Dubrovsky. Yena waye umzukulwana unondyebo melly Dubrovsky. Wafa ngowe-1722, kwazalwa oonyana abendiswa;

1. Ivan - yaba uceba kanye karhulumente kunye elubhacweni kunye noyise woonongendi. Yena etshate grandniece Rtishchev - Praskovya.
2. UPetros - Colonel Nizhyn webutho. Emva link uyise likaThixo lisusiwe ukuba yokuhlala esisigxina "elalini." Wafa, ezifana Ivan, ngo-1728, Xa ubomi wayetshate nentombi Hetman I. I. Skoropadskogo.

anika umdla

Ngowe-1760 Ephakamileyo Ndiwise isihloko Count uTolstoy wabuyayo kusapho. Ukongeza, wabuyisela abazukulwana amalungelo laso. Baba uAndreya, Basil, ilungu lebhunga likarhulumente Boris, uPetros Fedor, kunye Ivan noAlesandire Petrovich. Ngowe-1697-1699 gg. laso abahlala uhambo amazwe, wabhala idayari. Kuyo, wachaza zakhe iingcinga, zengqondo, izimvo, okuvelayo ubomi Western eYurophu. kwidayari igcinwe kwizintlu ezintathu. Bona ingqalelo yenye yemithombo zembali ezibalulekileyo ezichaza Russia ebudeni bolawulo Peter 1.

Uhlelo lokuqala ngo-1888 lwaqhutywa nge an archive Prince Potemkin. Noko ke, oko engamelanga ithathwe njenge onegunya ngokwaneleyo. Ingxelo kakhulu epheleleyo kubonakala hlelo elungiswe yi S. N. Travnikovym kunye L. A. Olshevskoy, ekhutshwe phantsi kwe "lesikhumbuzo boncwadi" ngo-1992 Ngo-1706, Tolstoy wachaza kuLwandle Black.

isiphelo

PA Tolstoy, Kakade, wadlala indima enkulu kwimbali Russian le Petrine kwexesha. impilo yakhe ende, ezibandakanya ezahlukeneyo iingxaki. Ixesha elide kwafuneka ukungqina ukunyaniseka kwakhe kuPetros 1. Le indima ekhethekileyo ayidlalileyo ngexesha lokukhangela, uze kwetyala Tsarevich Alexei. ukuqeshwa kwakhe njengentloko Imfihlelo Chancellery ibonisa intembelo yokuba ababevela kukumkani ngokomfanekiso. Ezili eItali, Tolstoy, omnye owokuqala ukuba nesimilo Western. Oku kuye kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe emva koko ozakuzo. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, wayengomnye wabantu yokugqibela owabona ngaphambili unyana ka ukufa uPetros. Emva kolawulo Catherine, wenza yonke into kwakuxhomekeke phezu kwakhe, ukuze ukubethelela igunya layo kunye nokuthintela usulelo lwe isithsaba unyana wakhe Alexei. Noko ke, yena ayikwazanga ukugcina yena nonyana wakhe ekuthinjweni kunye nokufa. PA Tolstoy wangcwatywa woonongendi le Kumbi Cathedral ukusuka ecaleni lasentshonalanga ngo-1729