Revolution Mnandi (Revolution Mnandi). Revolution Mnandi ka 1688

History of England kwinkulungwane XVII - ixesha ezidubedube kunye nezothuso kakhulu. Eli xesha fanele kwaye "Revolution Ozukileyo" ngo-1688. Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa oku sisiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali Great Britain.

History of England: ngokufutshane malunga imeko olwandulela revolution

Emva kokuba Ukubuyiselwa Stuart ubukhosi kwimimiselo 1685 e-England Charles II. Emva kokufa kwakhe, wanyukela etroneni uYakobi II, umzalwana omncinane kakumkani. UKarl akazange shiya indlalifa, ekubeni yena wayengafumani bantwana esemthethweni. James II yaba wokugqibela IsiNgesi ukumkani-Katolika.

Ngowe-1677, wanikwa intombi enkulu yokumkani elizayo kaMaria, nxamnye nokuthanda kwakhe, ngokuba Vilgelma Oranskogo. Oku kuthiwa yindlalifa kwitrone ngenxa nabantwana kukaCharles II.

KaYakobi Enesisa Party iPalamente wazama ukukhanyela ilungelo kwetrone ngenxa yokubambelela kwakhe yamaKatolika iCawa. Waye orhanelwa inxaxheba iyelenqe yamaKatolika, kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke kweli lizwe. Kodwa ukuzama kukuhlutha iNkosana ibango York ukuba itrone yabangela wokumelana abalandeli bakhe Enesisa Party yePalamente (Whig), kunye umninawa ka-Charles II ayikwazanga ngokukhululekileyo anyukela kwisihlalo sobukhosi emva kokufa kakumkani.

James Board II

uqonde ukuba ngcono ukuba i "Revolution Ukhanyile", kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele ubukumkani kaYakobi II. Xa uninzi omtsha ukumkani esepalamente abe empumelelweni (amalungu Conservative Party), abalandeli bayo. James II akazange eyenza novelwano ukusuka British kuba umKatolika ozinikeleyo.

wobukumkani bakhe kwakufuneka uqale kwezithandani le mvukelo, leyo walungelelanisa unyana ongumgqakhwe ka Charles Dzheyms II Skott. Wayehlala eNetherlands, leyo ukumkani IsiNgesi omtsha bamthiya, yaye kumProtestanti. Emva kokuba ukubulawa uCharles I Dzheyms Skott kunye nomama wakhe kwanyanzeleka ukuba baye ekuthinjweni. Ingakumbi isihloko iNkosana Monmouth wadalwa kuye.

Emva igqampe kunxweme Great Britain, Scott uthe ilungelo lakhe kwetrone IsiNgesi. Kuye kwangenelela ne-Scottish Marquis of Argyll. Xa imfazwe kunye nabavukeli lasebukhosini boyiswa, wamnqumla intloko. Ke ukumkani nabagwebi bakhe zicinezelwa kwimvukelo afana ferocity ukuba perturbation yemisebenzi yayo iye yaba esinye sezizathu ukugxothwa kumkani, kwaye neziphumo kombuso, waphumelela historiography British isihloko esilandelayo - Revolution Mnandi.

amathemba engamanga

Le minyaka yokugqibela wobukumkani Charles II - lixesha reaction xa iPalamente akayenzanga, kwaye eliphikisayo buso ukumkani Whigs wayesasazekile kwaye akanalo ucwangco. Nangona iNkosana York naye ubizwa ngokuba reactionaries, inkcaso wayenethemba ukutshintsha imeko kweli lizwe kunye nokupheliswa basabela njani.

Amathemba yaba lilize. James II emva kwezithandani yemvukelo, ukuzithemba, waqalisa ukuqokelela umkhosi ngokusisigxina phantsi benze counter-ukuhlaselwa ngabavukeli. Zonke izithuba ezingundoqo karhulumente wabeka amarhamente ukholo yamaKatolika. Ngomnyaka ukulawula yakhe etroneni, yena ichithwe epalamente kwaye ngaphezulu ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe akayi soze. Inkcaso nokugxeka izenzo zabo akazamkeli ukumkani ngoko nangoko wahliswa post yakhe njengoko abahlali. James II ukuba athathe onke amanyathelo injongo enye - ukusekwa ubukhosi yamaKatolika yelizwe epheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi amalungu inkcaso kwanyanzeleka ukuba abalekele eNetherlands. Kakhulu aneliseke kumanyathelo uKumkani, wemka kuye kunye nabalandeli abathembekileyo - i Tories, emoyikayo Church Catholic inzuzo amandla kweli lizwe.

Unobangela nangoko kobhukuqo olo James II

"Mnandi Revolution" esenzeka eNgilani, yaba sisizathu esilungileyo sokuba ekuqaleni kwayo. Ukumkani, ngubani wanyukela kwetrone sele yobudala abadala, kungekho bantwana. umfazi James II ngayo kwiminyaka 15 ingqalelo uludlolo. Ngoko ke akanelisekanga imigaqo wamlandela ukumkani nethemba lokuba emva kokuba ukupasiswa kwetrone uya kucanda kwintombi yakhe enkulu uMariya, wathabatha ukholo yobuProtestanti kunye wayetshate Vilgelmom Oranskim.

Lidla singalindelanga ukuba wonke kukumkani abadala ngo-1688 yindlalifa wazalwa. Ngoko nangoko amarhe twa ukuba umntwana omnye umntu, ngubani ngokufihlakeleyo kusiwa ebhotweni lokumkani. Le ncoko babulawa kukuba xa ukuzalwa Crown Prince kuqwalaselwa kuphela abameli ukholo yamaKatolika, kwaye intombi omncinane uAnna akazange avumele unina.

revolution

Emva kokuzalwa indlalifa British kwitrone kwethemba utshintsho kwi imeko eNgilani, inkcaso akukho okunye. Kunye, ezi Tories kunye Whigs, kwakunye njengenxalenye amagosa omkhosi iyelenqe. Injongo yakhe ukususa ukumkani kumandla uze ufakele nonyana-in wakhe nentombi yakhe - i-Prince of Orange noMariya. aziwayo ezopolitiko baseBritani, engaboni enye indlela yokuphuma, wabhala umyalezo lasentsithelweni Prince, bembongoza ukuba ahlasele England ekubhukuqweni kayise yakhe etroneni. Umyalezo ithi ukuba abantu kuxhasa umbuso bonke baya kukuvuyela ukubona emantloko yokumkani yamaProtestanti eNgilani.

Emva kokuba uthumele umyalezo, inxalenye bavukeli saa kulo lonke ilizwe bekhangela imali kunye namahlakani.

James II ayikwazanga ukunceda ekuboneni amalungiselelo abo babemenzele iyelenqe bagqiba ukwenza umnyinyiva, ngoxa abachasi bakhe izenzo musa ukuya kude kakhulu. Kodwa ukumisa ukuvukela ayisekho kunokwenzeka.

"Mnandi Revolution" waqala November 15, 1688, xa abantu Prince of Orange, lawela kunxweme IsiNgesi. Umkhosi, wawuqokelela yayintle kwaye phantse yonke yabhalwa obuProtestante. Saba kulo, kunye nenkcaso, abaye bayishiya ilizwe ngenxa yentshutshiso kaYakobi.

Isiphumo revolution eNgilani: ukubhukuqwa bokumkani ukulawula ka William III

Inkangeleko yomkhosi William eNgilani kwakhokelela ekubeni uninzi ngqwayi kaYakobi II ngoko nangoko wathabatha icala lonyana wakhe umthetho. intombi yokumkani, uAnna, nayo wamshiya waya iNkosana Orange kweminquba.

Ekhohlo ngaphandle umkhosi, uYakobi wazama ukuba bangene kuthethathethwano kunye nabavukeli, yaye emva koko bazama ukuba abalekele eFransi, apho advance wathuma umfazi kunye nonyana wakhe. Endleleni, bambamba baza babuyela eLondon. Kamva, ngoncedo William, ngubani imibutho ukubaleka wakhe, Korol Yakov II wakwazi ukuhamba eNgilani.

"Revolution Mnandi" ngowe-1689, xa uWilliam noMariya baye bavakalisa abalawuli yePalamente of England.

Emva kokufa kaMariya kwiminyaka embalwa kamva umyeni wakhe walawula eli lizwe phantsi igama lomnye William III. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, kungqineke umlawuli elumkileyo wenguquko. Yiloo xa waqalisa ukukhula kwempembelelo England kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo komnye amagunya kakhulu ehlabathini leyo. Ebudeni bolawulo William III «Bill of Rights" sadalwa, ngonaphakade ukuphelisa amathuba yokuseka eNgilani ezasebukhosini epheleleyo.