IMfazwe Yehlabathi II iingxwelerha. China ngexesha Second World War

Ilizwe wabandezeleka omkhulu ilahleko kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. China kungekho ngaphandle. Kakade ke, malunga nemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo amanani, nto leyo ibonakalisa iindleko eziphathekayo zabantu abathile abaye bafumana ibinzana zabo kwiintshabalaliso ezininzi, iilahleko zabantu yaye akafuni kubonakala ukuba bakhulu. Ingakumbi xa ucinga ukuba babuyekezwe yi agqithisile yokuzalwa, zenzeka emva nezomhlaba. Kodwa izigwebo ezinjalo kukha phezulu. Ngxwelerha zazisoloko ingqalelo enkulu. Umntu ngamnye kudlala indima ebalulekileyo, kunye nelahleko yayo - nelahleko ebonakalayo ngenxa uhlanga. Lo asinguye ixabiso eziphathekayo.

Indima China iye yaziswa ukuba

Oosonzululwazi kuqatshelwe ukuba China kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi wadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Impixano kule lizwe, ngokutsho iingcali, kwaqala ngo-1931. Ngeli xesha iJapan ihlasele naseManchuria. Kude kube ngoku uluntu iye kuhlolwa indima China kweli uloyiso phezu Fascism. Noko ke, amajoni beli lizwe ixesha elide imikhosi ambophelele of Japan, angavumeli ukuba ukuqala ezilwa eSoviet Union. Ukuze uqonde apho ubunzima ilahleko kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, China kufuneka sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi iziganeko ezenzeka ngaloo mihla.

Kwesifo impi

Ngowe-1937, kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe nxamnye Poland waseJamani, China, abantu babesilwa kunye ikampu Japanese. Kwathi icala langasezantsi eBeijing. Yiyo le yintlantsi ngokusesikweni ngongquzulwano Asia. Ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe lwabandakanya imibingelelo emikhulu. Ukuqhubeka aphikisayo leminyaka esi-8.

Malunga ukubalasela e-Asia, Japan baqalisa ukucinga kunye imi--20. Ngowe-1910, ubume thanga Japanese Korea ifunyenwe. Ngowe-1931, amagosa omkhosi waseJapan wathinjwa yaye yathathwa naseManchuria. Lo mmandla of China abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-35 yaye isixa esikhulu lwezibonelelo zendalo.

Ekuqaleni kuka 1937, imikhosi yaseJapan ahlala inxalenye enkulu yaba Inner Mongolia. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, bandisa uxinzelelo Beijing. Ngaloo mihla ikomkhulu of China ikuluhlu isixeko Nanjing. Intloko yeli lizwe kunye kweNational Party Chan Kayshi waqonda ukuba yonke into ihamba ukuya kulwa eJapan.

yokulwa wawinwa

Ukungqubana kufuphi Beijing nangakumbi kuphela. I-Chinese asizi ukuthobela neemfuno esenziwe yaseJapan. Abavuma ukuba bavume. Kokuchitha ilahleko kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, China ligqibe ekubeni baqhubele ekuyenzeni. Chan Kayshi wayalela imfuno yokukhusela Shanghai, ecaleni leyo iqhele inxalenye enkulu yomkhosi Japanese. Kulandelelo-up ukuba la manyathelo idabi wabulala phantse 200 amawaka Chinese. ilahleko Japanese malunga 70 amawaka.

Enye ugqaliselo emaqanda limelana kwimbali. Ngexesha edabini, iyantlukwano Chinese zokuhlaselwa esithintelweyo imikhosi Japanese ophezulu, nangona ilahleko. KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, China (kufanele kuphawulwe) bebethambisa kwezikhali waseJamani. Kwaye ubukhulu becala ngenxa oku ikwazile onokuma hlula layo Chinese. Ngokwembali le siganeko waya phantsi igama "800".

Japanese wakwazi ukuba zifake Shanghai. beza ukusekelwa Kamva, kunye nemikhosi baqalisa ukuba noxinzelelo sele ikomkhulu eTshayina.

Ukungabi yenkokheli umkhosi Chinese

Kwiminyaka imfazwe yokuqala, i-Chinese amaKomanisi ngokubonakalayo akazange abonise umsebenzi. Ekuphela kwento bakwazi ukufikelela - olu loyiso Pinsinguan badlule. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwakukho ilahleko. KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, China ke yophiswa emhlophe kakhulu kunene. Nangona kunjalo, olu uloyiso abangu kude ngakumbi wamajoni Japanese.

Iintshukumo nzima nangakumbi kakuhle ukuba ilifa ubunkokheli butho Chinese. amadlala kwazo kwakukho uqhushululu, ekhokelela ekubeni kubekho inani elikhulu yokufa. I-Japanese bakusebenzisa oku, bambamba athinjiweyo, kamva ngubani babulawa. China kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II abalahlekelwa kakhulu kangangokuba inani ngqo zabafileyo akwaziwa. Kutheni kufuneka kuphela Nanjing Massacre, apho yaseJapan babulalayo abangalwiyo.

idabi wegazi, kunye nelawula ukumisa Japanese

Ukungabikho impumelelo emfazweni inzolo eyayikho umoya amabutho Chinese. Nangona kunjalo, lo uxhathiso zange ayeke umzuzu. Enye iimfazwe ezinkulu kwenzeka ngo-1938 kufutshane nesixeko Wuhan. amabutho zaseTshayina ngenxa iinyanga ezine, wabanqanda yaseJapan. Bakwazi ukuba ndimaphule uxhathiso kuphela kuhlaselo igesi, nto leyo kakhulu. inxaxheba China kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, Kakade ke, zixabisa lizwe kakhulu. Kodwa Japan kwakungelula. Kuphela kule mpi ezingaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka amajoni Japanese zalahleka. Kwaye oku kukhokelele ekubeni abahlaseli iminyaka eliqela ukuyeka uhambo emhlabeni.

Umzabalazo phakathi kwamaqela amabini

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba China kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yaba phantsi kolawulo amaqela amabini - i kweNational (KMT) kunye wamaKomanisi. Bona degrees eziguquguqukayo ngempumelelo kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo wasebenza. kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zazilawulwa yi-Japanese. Isizwe banceda Melika. Kodwa imizamo yabo zenziwa nzima iimbambano rhoqo apho kuvela phakathi Chan Kayshi noYosefu Stilwell (American General). I-Communist Party wavumelana USSR. Party wenza ngokwahlukeneyo, nto leyo yakhokelela ekwandeni ngxwelerha phakathi kwabantu.

Kwase ukulondoloza amandla abo ukuya ekupheleni kokuyaphula eJapan ukuze uqalise izenzo emkhosini nxamnye party ubuzwe kakade. Ngako oko ke, azisoloko ukuthumela amajoni abo ukulwa amajoni Japanese. Kuye kwaphawulwa ngexesha esikhulu eSoviet.

Xa kanye ekuqaleni imfazwe umkhosi kwabunjwa yi Communist Party. Kwaye yena kakhulu idabi-befanelekile. Mawube kungabonwa emva kuhlaselwa enye, nto leyo kamva wabizwa idabi ezilikhulu regiments. Idabi kwenzeka ngo-1940 phantsi kobunkokheli Jikelele Pen Dehuaya. Noko ke, Mao Tszedun wagxeka izenzo zakhe, esola into yokuba watyhila amandla zeqela. Yaye kamva jikelele wabulawa.

Emuva Japan

Japan kwiNgxowa ngo-1945. Okokuqala eMelika nakuzo nabaphumi-kweNational Party. inxaxheba Nangona eTshayina kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yaphela ngeli xesha, ekuqaleni kwenye ingxabano. Yavele phakathi kwamaqela amabini yaye umlinganiswa yoluntu. Ubukho kangangeminyaka emine. Melika benqaba ukuxhasa KMT, leyo ngokukhawuleza kuphela ngokoyiswa qela.

ilahleko kwi imfazwe ingaphaya kakhulu

Abafa kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II zange amajoni kuphela. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-World lokuQala ungquzulwano ubunzima eninzi abahlali. Kwaye inani labo ligqithisile isikali umonakalo phakathi amajoni. Ngako oko, ilahleko bekukukhulu ngokwaneleyo. Malunga nezigidi ezingama-50 zabantu - ilahlekileyo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Country rates kakhulu siyakhula kwenzeka eSoviet Union kunye Germany. Akukho nto ayimangalisi kulo, njengoko iimfazwe ezininzi esebenzayo ezinkulu abakhulu ngaphambili eSoviet-German. Ngoko iingxabano elide, eliqhubayo nogonyamelo phakathi amajoni akazange abe naphi na. Ukongeza, ubude ngaphambili Soviet-German waba ngaphezu kwawo onke amanye imiphambili izihlandlo eziliqela. Kwaye sabo abafileyo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II amasoldati Red Army, inani elipheleleyo amaxesha eziliqela mkhulu ilahleko abendlu waseJamani.

Ziziphi izinto ezifunekayo ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo xa kuvavanywa ilahleko?

Ukuhlola ilahleko Soviet zaye zathathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezininzi. Zezi zilandelayo:

1. Le nxalenye ebonakalayo ilahleko kwenzeke kwiminyaka yokuqala yokulwa. Amajoni yarhoxa, izixhobo akonelanga.
2. Xa ekuthinjweni wafa amajoni malunga nezigidi ezi-3.
3. Kukholelwa ukuba idatha ezisemthethweni amajoni abafileyo waseJamani understated kakhulu. Kuphela yiSoviet Union oko wangcwatywa amajoni 4 million. Kwakhona musa ukulibala malunga namahlakani zaseJamani. ilahleko yazo yaba amajoni malunga 1.7 million.
4. Isibakala sokuba ilahleko kwi imikhosi ngokuchasene eJamani, kokukhona, utsho amandla ayo.

Iilahleko kwi Allied Forces

Chinese wabulawa iMfazwe Yehlabathi II (isixa sisonke, kwakunye nomgangatho ilahleko phakathi kwezinye namahlakani ye-USSR) azikho zininzi gqitha, xa kuthelekiswa kunye nokusebenza i-Red Army. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba abantu eSoviet wachitha iminyaka yokuqala 3 amadabi ngaphandle nayiphi na inkxaso. Ukongeza, i-United States kunye Britain bakwazi ukukhetha ngqo apho yokuqhuba imisebenzi lupwa xa ukwenza oko. USSR akazange abe ukhetho olunjalo. eziququzelelwe kakhulu, ngcono, umkhosi eyomeleleyo baphela ngoko nangoko, kwanyanzeleka ukuba balwe ngokuqhubekayo phambi ngakumbi. Zonke amandla iJamani wahlasela eSoviet Union, lo gama imikhosi eManyeneyo ndaqubisana inxalenye encinane. Ngaba indawo ilahleko ngokungenabulungisa zibethwa ezinxulumene ekubulaweni kwee-odolo. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi baye bafa, ukuzama ukugcina utshaba "nangaliphi na iindleko".

Amaxhoba Second World War baba phakathi French kunye British. Kodwa inani labo ayinkulwanga kakhulu. Ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa namanani iMfazwe Yehlabathi Lokuqala. Kwakhona lula ukucacisa. Army of France kunye United Kingdom inxaxheba ekulweni kuphela konyaka. Ukongeza asifanele, silibale ukuba ngamathanga yayo elwela eNgilani.

Melika ilahleko zigqithise amanani, leyo ziphawulwe emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Oku kunganxulunyaniswa yokuba amajoni waseMelika walwa kuphela eYurophu kodwa e-Afrika kunye Japan. Yaye ke inxenye inkulu ilahleko bezile US Air Force.

Ukulinganisa iilahleko zamazwe entloko engathandi slips babecinga ukuba France kunye UK baye iinjongo zabo. Ba phezulu nxamnye nezinye iJamani nganye kunye USSR, kwaye ngokwabo ngexesha elifanayo bema ngaphandle umlo. Kodwa awukwazi bathi abazange kohlwaywa. France wabuyisela iminyaka embalwa bomsebenzi, bazoyise amanyala kunye omzimba ombuso. Great Britain waba phantsi Usongo lokuhlasela, kwaye phantsi zokuqhushumbisa. Ukongeza, abantu beli lizwe ixesha elithile waphila ukusuka isandla emlonyeni.

Isibalo sabantu ababulawayo

Ezinkulu kakhulu yayikukuba waliphalaza gqitha abahlali. Izigidi zabantu ziye amaxhoba iziqhushumbisi. Azitshabalalisa amaNazi, yokufakwa intsimi. Kwiminyaka nje embalwa yemfazwe, iJamani yayeka abemi malunga 3,65 miliyoni. EJapan, ngenxa nandzu ukuhlasela babulala phantse 670.000 abangalwiyo. E France, kwafa abantu malunga 470 amawaka. Kodwa kunzima ukuvavanya, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu. Iziqhushumbisi, ekubulaweni, sentuthumbo - konke wadlala indima. UK ilahleko yaba 62 lamawaka. Ngokomthetho isizathu sokuba ukufa abahlali baqalisa iziqhushumbisi yaye neziqhushumbisi. Abanye bafa ngenxa yendlala.

Kutheni ezinjalo enzima ilahleko kwenzeka phakathi abahlali? Oku kungenxa nkqubo Germany esisingise iintlanga ophantsi. Amajoni ngendlela watshabalalisa amaYuda kunye nokuxubana, bewagqala subhuman. Ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe amabutho aseJamani wonakaliswe malunga 24.3 yezigidi abangalwiyo. Kwezi, 18.7 yezigidi - i nokuxubana. AmaYuda babulawa mali ka-5.6 yezigidi. Ezi nkcukacha-manani malunga nabantu abafileyo abayi inxaxheba impi.

isiphelo

indima eTshayina kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. I-Chinese ukuba kwenziwe konke okusemandleni ukuba amajoni eSoviet kodwa kwafuneka ukuba balwe eJapan. Kodwa yonke lo lwa kuye kukhokelele ilahleko enkulu kakhulu. Zombini omnye kunye nabanye. Amajoni zamajoni wafa ukukhusela kwilizwe lawo, ukuthetha ngokuchasene zabahlaseli. Kwaye ukuba negalelo ukuyekwa impi. Onke aya kukhunjulwa iminyaka ezayo, njengokuba feat babo, babingelele gqitha.