Culture of Kievan Rus: isishwankathelo iintsingiselo eziphambili zophuhliso

Imbali ye inkcubeko Kievan Rus ibandakanya kwiinkulungwane eziliqela. Eastern nokuxubana baba ekubeni munye kwezopolitiko iminyaka engaphantsi kwe engamakhulu amathathu kancinane. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha yoluntu yabo yokomoya kwasekwa. Le ekuhlaleni, yaye namhlanje inefuthe kakhulu kwi East Slavic izizwe, bemi ngaphandle kwezinye izinto nokuxubana ngokwesiko lithathwa ukuba sisondele kakhulu omnye komnye. Inkcubeko kumaxesha karhulumente Kievan zafikelela nathi ubungqina ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo IX-XVI kwiinkulungwane: nezinto zakudala, esekelwe nanto icons ze maxe- ngokwabo iifom zokwakha, imithombo ebalulekileyo kwathiwa, epics nabantu, echaza nolwalathiso yokomoya nokuxubana zamaxesha, njalo-njalo. Xa abantu bethetha ngalo impucuko endala Russian, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ixesha ngangosuku ukususela ekuqaleni karhulumente eyiyo kwinkulungwane IX eya ekomelezeni lokugqibela zobukumkani eMoscow kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI.

Culture of Kievan Rus: a iincwadi emfutshane

Ukubhala kukodwa udidi eyahlukileyo kwenkcubeko. Noko ke, enxulumene naye ngokusondeleyo kakhulu. Kungenxa imibhalo yenzululwazi, ezenkolo, ozakuzo, ezopolitiko kunye ngokusemthethweni nenkcubeko kubonakala. Ukuvela kokubhalwa Mpuma nokuxubana kubangelwe ikakhulu kwimisebenzi abathunywa bevangeli Orthodox yamaGrike, uCyril Methodius. Kwaye kungenxa kwii-ubuKristu uphuhliso olumandla inkcubeko Kievan Rus. I nokuxubana akwazi akusayi athile (kakade, kwakukho abathile abantu abafundileyo apha naphambi), kwakunye ukuze udibanise iincwadi kunye impucuko eziphuhlileyo ngelo xesha, yindlela umKristu uBukhosi baseByzantium.

Akumangalisi ke, ezikhumbuzo ibalulekileyo ezibhaliweyo inkcubeko yamandulo Russian eyakhelwe oonobumba Glagolitic: oko Izbornik Svyatoslav, kunye Ostrom Vangeli kunye nabantwana intshumayelo Monomakh, kwaye Russian PRAVDA of Yaroslav, kunye namanye amaxwebhu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ixesha. Indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kuncwadi ojongene Iintsomi art-zembali: The Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka, Zibekeni, A tale of yokuthatha Batu Ryazan kunye nabanye. Noko ke, inkoliso zobugcisa ephakathi Russian ebhaliweyo kwaye sele bengekafiki bexesha lakhe, ebasa kwi kuwuphemba Mongol lokuhlasela.

Culture of Kievan Rus: ngokufutshane malunga bokwakha

Ide X ekhulu bokwakha kwimpuma nokuxubana kukhuthazwe zimelwe izakhiwo ngamaplanga. Kuphela ebudeni bolawulo Vladimir iza nolwazi Orthodox baseByzantium uBukhosi, ibe ngenxa yoko iinkosi Russian lisebenzise isithethe ZesiGrike bokwakha. Kukho yokuqala eRashiya, ezi zakhiwo amatye omkhulu. Kakade ke, ekuqaleni yoonongendi kunye iicawa iimpawu AMAGQABAZA ▸ zamaGrike ikakhulu njengelifa.

Culture of Kievan Rus: isishwankathelo arts

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-Orthodox kwakhona kwavusa uphuhliso lwezakhono zobugcisa weengcibi zasekuhlaleni. Bona babonisa oku ingakumbi esekelwe kunye amibala-bala, leyo ngesisa babugubungela iindonga yeetempile. Ibaluleke zobugcisa baqalisa ukupeyinta icon. izimiso Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, impembelelo yokudweba icon yaseByzantium ukuba zibangelwa phambili inkcubeko yelizwe Russian xesha nokuba ixesha elide kunokuba bokwakha.

Culture of Kievan Rus: ngokufutshane ngomculo

inkcubeko Musical ngokusondeleyo wabophana intsomi yasekuhlaleni. Le yokugqibela kubonakaliswa ikakhulu iingoma zonqulo, imibongo, eyindumasi, njalo-njalo. Hi ndlela leyi, kule ndawo kwaye impembelelo ye-Orthodox inkcubeko yaseByzantium yaba ngaphantsi kakhulu. Epics kunye legends buqala elidlulileyo abahedeni i nokuxubana.