Imbali emfutshane England kunye amakhosi yayo sasebukhosini

Intsimi apho eNgilani mihla, ngowama-55 BC, xa Yuliya Tsezarya walihlasela imikhosi yakhe, kwakuhlala izizwe Celtic, ebiza ngokwabo neyabo. Ngenxa kuhlaselo lwemimandla emazantsi lonke wesiqithi yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRoma. Wonke ummandla apho ngoku mihla eNgilani naseWales, ekuthiwa Roman eBritani. Imbali Olunye England sele ezinxulumene zezizwe zaseJamani. Xa AD Ngenkulungwane V, uBukhosi baseRoma bawa ngaphandle, yaye ngoko ke neyabo wabhenela bakhona-amaJamani ukuze ukuzikhusela kwezo ngesinyanzeliso izizwe Celtic evela entla - i iScots kunye Picts.

Babuza izizwe zamaJamani wayebunjwa amaqela amathathu: amaSaxon, likaAngles kunye namaJutes. AmaJamani ngokukhawuleza kakuhle ummandla amaBritane, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe waqala becinga ukuba baza kungena kummandla Wales yaseCornwall. On amazwe yelungu abaqalayo aseJamani ngcembe izikumkani ezahlukeneyo akhiwa. Emva koko, ezi zikumkani wayakha umfelandawonye izikumkani ezisixhenxe, leyo kuthiwa "Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy". Enye ookumkani abasixhenxe Anglo-Saxon amaxesha ngamaxesha umzuzile ukulawula enkulu eNgilani. Le ukumkani ngokuba "Britvalda", nto leyo ikufutshane kwindawo entsingiselo isihloko "Umlawuli of Britain".

Oku ke kwenzeka ngexesha elithile, ngoko ke imbali yaseNgilani akakwazi ukhombe umhla xa kukho hanya lokugqibela karhulumente. Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba manyano kwafika ngexesha xa Danish Vikings ngexesha lokuhlasela yabo wathimba kwinxalenye esempuma eNgilani, kwanyanzeleka ukuba zonke izikumkani IsiNgesi kundihlanganyela ukwenzela ukhuselo. Ukumkani yokuqala zonke England udla ngokubizwa ngokuba ukumkani Wessex Egbert, eyafa ngo 839. Noko ke, imbali yaseNgilani uthi wabonakala isihloko "Kumkani waseNgilani" ezizukulwaneni nje ezimbini kamva - ngexesha xa imithetho kwiziqithi Alfred Veliky (iminyaka 871-899).

Abanye ababhali-mbali ukugcina izibalo zabo, umzobo ingqalelo kwiziganeko ezibalulekileyo zembali kunye imfazwe eNgilani. Umzekelo, ukuba ukubala iirhuluneli karhulumente kunye Norman ukoyisa ngo1066. Lo mhla luqhele ukusetyenziswa inani IsiNgesi ngookumkani njengendawo yesiqalo zero. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkulungwane XIII sithsaba Edward Mna okunene akanguye ukumkani yokuqala, enxibe igama, kodwa i-Edward yokuqala, ukuba babala ukusuka ngo1066. Ngaloo nyaka inkosana eNormandy, uWilliam koloyiso, woyisa eNgilani waza waba nguKumkani William I, oko kokudala yaka le Anglo-Normans. Noko ke, uWilliam koloyiso ayikho ngumseki Ngilani wahlanganisa lizwe, wathabatha kuphela eNgilani ekhoyo, bangene Franco-Norman mthetho kuyo.

Emva koko ke ubukhosi wangumlawuli, ekuthiwa Plantagenet (iminyaka 1154-1485). Ngeli xesha, imbali yaseNgilani yinto emangalisa lide kaHameha Iminyaka War neFransi (iminyaka 1337-1453). Ukususela 1485 ukuya 1603 eNgilani, imithetho ye-Tudor ubukhosi. Eli xesha kwamandla ndawonye kunye nokomeleza absolutism IsiNgesi, ixesha yoHlaziyo. Tudor yaphela ubukumkani Elizabeth I, ngubani yavuma Anglican Church. Ngowe-1603, amandla eNgilani waya ubukhosi le Stuarts, lowo ukulandelana Scottish kunye IsiNgesi ookumkani. Korol Yakov I saphumelela etroneni karhulumente ka-Elizabeth I. Eli xesha yabalasela ebukumkanini imfazwe yamakhaya ukuba iye yakhula ngenxa yengxakeko inguqu, eyayikhokelwa Oliver Cromwell.

Nangona isibakala sokuba kwixesha elizayo kwakukho Ukubuyiselwa Stuart ubukhosi kumandla ngo-1714, weza eHanover. Ngexesha lokulawula kwabo umkhosi waseBritani woyisa 18iyunya 1815 kwi Idabi eWaterloo phezu uNapoleon. Ukususela 1837 ukuya 1901 ibhodi wegqitha waya Queen Victoria. Eli xesha ithathwa ukuba phezulu wempumelelo eBritani. Ukususela ngo-1917 yaka elilawulayo ebukumkanini yaba indlu Windsor.