Australia: Industry and Economy

Indlela yokuba ishishini kunye zolimo Australia ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba lula nekhuselekileyo. Isabelo yelizwekazi akazange ukuyiwisa iintlekele ezinkulu, ayizange kuchaphazela iimfazwe zehlabathi, kunye neemeko zemozulu ngandlela zonke negalelo kuphuhliso lwamashishini ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, eli lizwe kudala zaba phantsi kwempembelelo of Great Britain, ngandlel 'ithile, wenza njengoko kukuthintele kuphuhliso. Kwelinye icala, i-prerequisite kuseko kwezolimo yokuqala wayibeka kushishino yaseBritani, obubonelela imithombo Australia. Iifektri nolimo kwilizwekazi ekhulisa ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa namhlanje elo lizwe yinkokeli ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso-mveliso eziliqela.

iimpawu kumashishini nakulimo kuqoqosho

Ngenxa kwindawo yayo geographical kunye needipozithi zizityebi kwezibonelelo, Australia uluhlu olubanzi kumacandelo igqunyiweyo, kokubini mveliso kunye imisebenzi yezolimo. Kukho okhula chu ababeqondisa, ushicilelo, elukiweyo, yokucokisa ioli, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye namanye amashishini. Kule meko, ishishini lemveliso e Australia njengenye yezinto eziphambili kakhulu ehlabathini. Ukuphuhlisa per capita ilizwe abemi ngombane rhoqo emi kwindawo yokuqala.

Icandelo lokuqala kwakhona kude ngasemva, ngokubonelela iimveliso zemalike lwasekhaya. Ngaphezu koko, zokuthumela oluhlaziyiweyo iye ingongoma engundoqo reference ukuba inani lamashishini elide. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oko imveliso yezolimo, nto leyo imithamo amakhulu amazwe Australia. Industries kumacandelo amaninzi ngaphantsi ngenkuthalo yokubonelela iimalike yehlabathi kunye iimveliso zabo. Oku kuboniswa kwimozulu kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, nomtsalane utyalo kuqoqosho lwengingqi namaqabane angaphandle.

Total iimpawu imboni

Icandelo aziintloko lizwe kanye kolu shishino, kuba le ndawo kuhlala liqela lesithathu yabemi. Imimandla kakhulu abaphumeleleyo ukuvelisa iintlobo zeenkonzo, intsimbi kunye intsimbi, izithuthi, ukutya, imichiza, ukukhanya kunye namanye amashishini e-Australia, singasathethi ke amandla. On kokuthunyelwa webauxite namalahle lizwe kwindawo yokuqala, nangenxa unikezelo iphawu lokwengeza okanye lokucutha - elinesibini. Ukongeza, oko yasekwa kunye nezimbiwa zegolide, ngaphandle apho kuzisa amashishini ingeniso enkulu. Malunga ne-35% yazo kumazwe angaphandle Australia ka-isinyithi ephambili, izinto kunye neeminerali amafutha.

imboni

mhlawumbi Le yenye ezimqoka kuqoqosho Australian. Region aqinisekiswe iintlobo ezininzi ekuphononongeni izimbiwa, ukusetyenziswa apho ukuba urhulumente ukuba abe ngomnye iliwa sikhulu ehlabathini. Ngokukodwa, noshishino lokomba Australian esijolise kuphuhliso eqingqiweyo kunye webauxite, opals, iidayimani kunye bakhokele. wamalahle yenziwa, yemanganizi ngentsimbi ekrwada. Ukongeza, i atsalwa zinc, isilivere, inkcenkce, nickel, Tungsten, titanium kunye nezinye zesinyithi. Yeyona kukusetyenziswa raw materials kwenza ilizwe ukwenza ushishino enamandla metallurgical. Oku, ngokuzenzekelayo, sisebenza kwamanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho ka-Australia. ukuzimela mmandla kwinto evela phesheya kakhulu lula ukuphuhliswa kwamacandelo amatsha ngokuxhaphaza izinto zabo ezikhoyo ekrwada.

energetics

Isiseko se-eneji amandla karhulumente wamalahle - abamnyama emdaka. Ingxaki kuphela kweli candelo kukunqongophala yobonelelo igesi yendalo kunye namafutha. Ekubeni mveliso ezininzi kushishino Australia zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezi zibonelelo, amanye amashishini ezinikwa phesheya. Iinkampani Oil kwiminyaka yakutshanje landa kakhulu umthamo kwimveliso. Ukanti kakhulu izityalo amandla okhoyo accounted for TESy nesebenza emalahleni. amashishini Metallurgical kunye nophuhliso lothungelwano lwezothutho zinika izibonelelo mihla zezityalo ngamandla, nto leyo eyandisa impumelelo yabo.

Ukuba kushishino lwezimbiwa e-Australia self-ngokwaneleyo kunye nezizimeleyo (ubuncinane amazwe), amandla mihla, ngenxa iimpawu zobuchwepheshe, kufuna ukutya yimithombo yangaphandle. Lombane reserves nambalwa, kodwa ngenxa bayakwazi ukuba unikeze ubuncinane ngokwaneleyo. ephehla ugesi ngamanzi ikakhulu zibekwe kwisiqithi Tasmania kwaye ekuthiwa-Australian Alps.

Engineering noshishino khemikhali

oomatshini Transport ekunokuthiwa ikratshi mmandla. La maziko inkulu Automotive ibekwe e Adelaide, Melbourne kunye Perth. Ukuveliswa izixhobo nololiwe oluqhutywa eSydney kunye Newcastle kunye shipyards ibekwe Davenport kunye Brisbane. Noko ke, iyantlukwano engqongqo semida yemveliso akukho ulandelwe. oomatshini lwezolimo nalo isiseko, ngaphandle apho ayikwazi ukwenza ixesha elide, Australia. Industry, ushishino ikakhulu akhiwe kumzantsi-mpuma lizwe. kakhulu Himpredpriyatiya ucukene emazantsi eli lizwekazi. Mveliso ukuvelisa acid, iziqhushumbisi, izichumisi wezoLimo, nentlaka zokwenziwa kunye iingqimba zeplastiki.

ishishini elihambisayo ukutya

Ishishini ukutya yenye kumacandelo aphambili yemisebenzi yoqoqosho, ejoliswe Australia. kushishino ezikhethiweyo, njengoko sele sibonile, into ebotshelelwe nezokukhupha izinto ekrwada kunye nezibonelelo nezimbiwa kunye processing zabo ezilandelayo. Kodwa yemveliso yokutya yenziwe ngokwaneleyo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukhethekileyo izityalo zobisi kunye zobisi-lokunkonkxa, kodwa zikho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi shishino.

Kwi emakethe zomhlaba nazo mveliso specialising in ukuphisa, izindlu ukupakisha, inyama-ukupakisha, umgubo kunye nezinye imveliso, ngeendleko onikezelwa yonke le Australia. Industry kwicandelo ukutya sele kudala kakuhle kunye namashishini athile, kuquka sheets processing icuba. Ukongeza ekunikezeleni imibuzo zangaphakathi, le mveliso lugubungela kunye kwamanye amazwe. Akukho nto Australia iqukiwe kuluhlu kubathengisi inkulu zezolimo lweemveliso zolimo, kunye Canada naseBrazil.

Agriculture Australia

umsebenzi wezolimo eli lizwe ezahlukeneyo ezininzi. Apha ngokulinganayo aphuhliswe kakuhle izilwanyana, imveliso yezityalo, newayini-ukwenza kunye namanye amashishini. Kwimarike zehlabathi lezoLimo kumacandelo amaninzi, apho ithatha indawo yokuqala Australia. Ezolimo kunye noshishino, enkosi uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo, wavumela ilizwe ukuba ube yinkokeli kwimveliso yoboya. Ukongeza, lo umileyo umthamo zohanjiso yobisi kunye cereal neemveliso, iswekile, inyama kunye nemifuno. E South Australia, kubekho horticulture uyanda igadi. komhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo kwakhona ukunika izivuno ezilungileyo umqhaphu, icuba kunye umoba.

isiphelo

Australia usibambe indawo ephambili kurhwebo lwehlabathi lwemveliso mveliso kunye nezolimo. izinto ezininzi igalelo kule, kodwa kukho izinto ezingalunganga. Umzekelo, ezolimo kwezinye iindawo kwelizwekazi luthintelwa imbalela kunye namahlwempu nokuchuma komhlaba, kodwa nje inxalenye iingxaki kule ndawo, Australia. Ishishini kwakhona nobunzima yayo, kodwa kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe ezintsha kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo izinto kwamanye amazwe ekrwada ukunceda urhulumente ukuxhasa ukukhula imithamo yemveliso. Nangona zonke iingxaki, lo mmandla igcina isitali ahlala indawo kuluhlu phambili amazwe mveliso kunye nezolimo. Kuyanceda kule endleleni uqoqosho, ngaphandle ezenza kube nzima ukugcina ishishini kunye nezolimo, apho ubukhulu becala ishishini ekucaphukisayo (ngokwemigqaliselo yengeniso).