Iintlobo magama: ingqiqo kuzo zonke

Sijongene rhoqo kunye nemithetho ekuqiqeni kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, isifundo kwale nzululwazi Kwathi ngokupheleleyo amandla nje ezimbalwa kwiiyunivesithi.

Kukho ezahlukileyo iindidi yeengqiqo, logic leyo ingalandwa ukusuka kumaxesha amandulo. Iqala 'Organon "Aristotle (eli ligama zemveli zilungele tractates ezintandathu yokucinga ecetywayo Andronnik Rhodes - ngumvakalisi abangabasemisebenzini sobulumko).

Zalunga-lungiswa ukwenzela iingcamango Aristotelian le Renaissance sobulumko Frensis Bekon, ngowokuqala reseach ixesha lakhe. Sobulumko wanika wakhe othi ebizwa ngokuba "Entsha Organon". Xa ndicinga Aristotle, yena wasabela ngokuba ukungabi, ucinga ukuba umsebenzi wenzululwazi - ukwakha indlela ezintsha zolwazi bazuze bonke abantu. Bacon egxeka logic omdala, ngokokubona kwayo, nomonakalo kule nkqubo ngokubanzi ulwazi malunga yokucinga. Wabeka ngaphezu onke amava kunye nendlela ezenza.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba logic kwinkulungwane yama-20, kuphuhliswa ngakumbi ngokunzima, waba inkqubo probabilistic, yezibalo, ngqo kwaye bukwavelise itekisi eyakhiwe ngokulindelekileyo. Kodwa kude kube ngoku, enengqondo esesikweni imithetho abalulekileyo methodological kakhulu onke Sciences.

logic esemthethweni

nemithetho yayo yi kwaye neentlobo iingqiqo. Umphathi wesekethe logic wakha ntetho, nto leyo nomxokelelwane "ingqiqo - isigwebo (okanye ingxelo) -. Lako" Umsebenzi olula, kodwa kwangaxeshanye yingcamango esisiseko. Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe ingxelo uze wenze isigqibo ngokusekelwe kuyo (deduction), kufuneka ube ingqiqo yesifundo, ukuqonda iimpawu zayo kubalulekile. Oku imifanekiso ukuqonda ngokoluvo, awayakhayo inkoliso bodwa ukucinga ngobuchule. Ethetha ngemiqondiso, wayecinga iinkalo ezithile umahluko okanye ezifanayo. Lwentando izenzo propati, apho ikhona kuphela kwesi sifundo.

Concept - lo ngumfanekiso iintlobo ngohlobo lwabemi ngokubanzi (okanye ubunye) kunye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo eziqhelekileyo into.

Ukuqwalasela iintlobo logic kwengqiqo, imizekelo ka ekhangeleka ilula kakhulu. Ukubiza igama elithi "kati", sicinga iseti ethile kwiimpawu: iinzipho, uboya, intshebe, Meow, ubambisa iimpuku. Le Lenkongozelo yodwa asiyongqiqo eyahlukileyo, ngoko singatsho ukuba ingcamango "kati" ezintsonkothileyo. Oku kuquka ezinye magama, apho sele ikhankanyiwe apha ngasentla.

iintlobo imiqondo

Iikhonsepthi zezi zilandelayo:

1. Iirejista (uphendula umbuzo othi "yintoni uhlobo ngamnye?", "Xa?", "Uphi?"). Imizekelo la magama: "Abantu abahlala namhlanje e Ivanovo," "Madagascar", "Fyodor Dostoevsky". Nabo ke, yahlulwe ngamnye (labo abamele isifundo esithile - "Dzhek London") kunye jikelele ( "Umbhali", "State").

2. akakwazi ukubona ( "lizwi", "izilwanyana", "umntu"). Iiplastiki ezithile ngokomgangatho nje ixesha elingenasiphelo zibandakanywe kwezi magama, ibangele abaninzi lweziqalelo zabo ayinakubalwa. Ezi iintlobo concepts ekuqiqeni maxa wambi iyahlula sikwavulelekile (akakwazi ukubona) kunye ezivaliweyo (recording).

3. I-non-ezingenanto kunye engenanto ngokusekelwe ukuthobela okanye zokungavumelani iikhonsepthi ethile nantoni na ekhoyo ehlabathini.

4. abstract kunye eziphathekayo. Eyokuqala i ingqiqo ubudlelwane okanye iimpawu injongosenzi ( "imbeko", "isidima", "nesibindi"), ngeli lixa bathi malunga izifundo ezithile ( "iposi", "yeenyosi").

5. Negative (ukuthetha malunga nokungabikho iimpawu kwisifundo esithile, ezifana "kungekhona umntu", "a ikati") kunye HIV ( "kati", "abantu").

6. correlative kunye nantoni na. Ezi iintlobo concepts ekuqiqeni luphawu ezizimeleyo nganye nezinye ezizimeleyo. Oko kukuthi, umzekelo, isigama "iidiliya 'yaye' unyawo" akukho ndlela abaxhomekeke omnye komnye, ngenxa yokuba kuqwalaselwa konke.

isiphelo

logic ezisesikweni uba inani lokusilela ukuba zabonwa kwiinkulungwane eziliqela yawona anamava. Ngenxa logic mihla, nangona ngokuhambelana nemigaqo esesikweni, kodwa yahlukile nesakhiwo yakhe yokugqibela ugqibeleleyo. Kwakhona, le yesayensi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ezahlukeneyo izibalo ukubala. Kodwa ke iintlobo iinkcazelo ekuqiqeni angalahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwayo namhlanje. Ngoko ke, wonke umntu ecinga kufuneka nje aqhelane enjengesakhiwo elide njengoko 'ingqiqo' enjalo.