Imre Kalman: biography umdla facts

Umqambi omkhulu Imre Kalman, operetta efakwa zemiboniso intle lomculo weli hlabathi, waphila ubomi ngokupheleleyo zomsebenzi kunye nobuchule. Kwafuneka ukuba bohlukane neenzima ezininzi, ukuba impumelelo enkulu kumhlangabeza sasiyithanda. abenzi bemilingo igama lakhe anxulumeneyo operetta Viennese, yena ukhe wangena imbali umculo njengoko umdali imisebenzi eqaqambileyo, nethemba kunye nokuzila, nangona ngobomi bakhe wayesoloko evinjwa uvuyo.

ebuntwaneni

indoda ezelwe siyazi namhlanje phantsi kwegama Imre Kalman, Oktobha 24, 1882 kwidolophu encinane Siofok kwi Lake Balaton. Igama lakhe ngempela Emmerich Koppshteyn. Ngoxa usesesikolweni, walitshintsha igama lakhe wamaJuda Kalman cala ngakumbi. uyise womntwana lowo gqitha intsapho yongxowankulu esifumileyo babehlala maninzi, lakhula abantwana ababini ngaphezulu ngaphandle Imre. Noko ke, kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuba unyana omnci ka Charles Koppshteynu sacinga ukuba dolophu yakhe iiholide ochumayo. Yena sityale imali eninzi kakhulu ukwakhiwa kumdyarho, Operetta Theatre, neehotele ezininzi. konke oku Kodwa ayikho inzuzo, kunye noyise Kalman kwafuneka ukutshona ematyaleni. Bonke yaphela kalusizi, impahla yakhe lathathwa ukuba amatyala, kwaza kwanyanzeleka usapho ukuya ku eBudapest. Kungekudala intloko-ntsapho wathuma Imre bahlala phantsi ukunyamekela kumakazi wam.

ukubunjwa

Kwiminyaka-10, le nkwenkwana wathumela ngoko nangoko ukuba izikolo ezibini: Izabelo weklasiki nomculo. Nangona ubuhlwempu, kuba Imre wathenga ipiyano endala, apho wayekwenza umzuzu nanceba. Noko ke, imeko yezimali kuye sibi kakhulu ukuba lo mfana ukuba ushiye ukufundisa ndiphangele njalo. Waqala ukufundisa Latin kunye nabafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo zamaGrike yaye waqhubeka Tutor umculo. Intlupheko bamenza mfana abenentloni kwaye unsociable, kodwa waba nobuqili bezoshishino. Ngenxa ukuzingisa kwakhe, Imre Kálmán wakwazi ukuya esikolweni umculo. Wada waqala ukunika iikonsathi, bezise kuye udumo kunye ingeniso encinane.

Noko ke, waphinda elindele ebuhlungu ukungaphumeleli: reborrow ukulungiselela ukhuphiswano lomculo, Imre wonzakala ukacikicane, wabaQokeleli wamnqanda unbend. Malunga umculo-ekwenzeni kwafuneka ukuba ukulibala. Imre Kalman wajoyina eklasini ukubunjwa, ngengcebiso unjingalwazi, waqalisa ukubhala imisebenzi Symphonic. Kodwa akukho impumelelo. Nangoku wakwazi kugqiba kwikholeji ze babhalise Academy of Music. Xa ngokuthi lezalamane Kalman ukuba naye wangena sokuzikhethela umthetho. Ngenxa yemigudu emangalisayo wakwazi ukugqiba izikolo ezibini, waba igqwetha kunye nemvumi eqinisekisiweyo.

Le search ngokwayo

Ukuze bafumane imali khona, Imre Kalman wayengumfundi uqalisa ukubhala amanqaku abalulekileyo ikholam umculo kwiphephandaba. Emva kokuba ikhademi waya kusebenza kweli phephandaba, njengokuba ngokucacile awufuni ukuba ligqwetha. Le izalamane besithembe ukuba wayeza kuya umthetho, yaye xa wajika ukuba oku akunjalo, uye walahlekelwa nayiphi na inkxaso-mali. Kwakhona, kwafuneka asebenze umthwalo kabini: imini awanibhalelayo kwephephandaba, kwaye abhale umculo ngokuhlwa. umsebenzi wakhe obalulekileyo bazisa kuye ingeniso ubuncinane, akukho nto ngakumbi wayengakwazi imali. Kodwa ke bevuyisana ukuba izithuba abanokuza naziphi iikonsathi zemiboniso, njengoko amatikiti akaba nako ukuthenga.

umqambi Way

Nkqu nesikolo Imre Kalman wabhala kakhulu umculo: umculo Symphonic, amaqhosha ipiyano kunye iingoma kunye neengoma. Kodwa ukuba ashicilele aze enze iingoma zakhe akukho mntu wayefuna. Enye imvumi nkqu lithemba uncokole ngokuba esiza ukusa kwinqanaba eya kuqala ukuqamba operettas.

Ngowe-1905, Kalman amathamsanqa, waza waphumelela Budapest Academy of Music ukulungiselela umjikelo ingoma. Le mali kwamenza ukuba bachithe iiveki ezintandathu eBerlin. Apho, umqambi sayihamba yonke abavakalisi umculo, ndithembe ukuba apapashe le ngoma, kodwa loo nto ayizange yenzeke. Lixakekile, ubuhlwempu kunye kwaliwa categorical umqambi umculo Imre Kalman ugqiba ukuba baguqukele "uhlobo eliphantsi" - operetta.

impumelelo

Le ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 yabalasela nentlekele enzulu operetta. Ngowe-1899, wafa, "ubhalo-King" Iogann Shtraus, ngubani wabhalela uBukhosi Austria-Hungarian esidlangalaleni operetta oyithandayo. kweminyaka elishumi uhlobo wakhula egula baza bafa. A ukwamkelwa Imre Kalman, lomculo ngokupheleleyo ayifumanekanga nokuvunywa ngexesha ezilahlekileyo nokholo kwabo ubunzima ngenxa yokuswela imali. Kakhulu ngumsindo kunye nehlabathi liphela kwaye ngokwabo kuquka umqambi uvalelwe kwigumbi eqeshiweyo kwi ngaphandle Graz, ukubhala umculo elungileyo, yaye ukusuka usiba lwayo iza operetta wokuqala - "uhlela yasekwindla". imisebenzi States kwenzeka e Budapest, yaye xa ulwamkelo waba ngaphezu eshushu, Kalman wagqiba ukubonisa kuyo ingqukuva. Ngowe-1909, i-yaseVienna Operetta ihlombe ngqondi entsha, nempumelelo kamva kakuhle nelilifaneleyo walinda umqambi eBerlin kunye Hamburg. Kalman baphila e Vienna, yaye ufumana ukusebenza.

Ukususela ngalo mzuzu eqala Kalman operetta ukudala onemveliso kakhulu, abanye babo baba nempumelelo, ezinye likwazi ukumelana nokutshintsha kwamaxesha. Sekunjalo, wakwazi ukufumana udumo ithamsanqa. Waba Indoda esisityebi kunene, kwaye zonke ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima kwetalente. Impumelelo eqhubeka de 1933. Ngowe-1932, yonke yaseVienna ngolangazelelo ihlombe ncam kwi isikhumbuzo sakhe 50. Waye bawongwa ngamabhaso ezahlukeneyo kunye amabhaso. Kodwa ngo-1933, umqambi yobungcali ngombulelo yafikelela esiphelweni.

operetta

Ukuqalisa ukubhala operetta, Kalman iphuhlisa isimbo sakhe. imisebenzi yakhe kunye ocwengileyo kunye novuyo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ukuba batshize ngalo bonke amathemba abo kunye namaphupha, nto leyo efunde iqashiso ubomi nzima. Ngowe-1912, udala umsebenzi "angamaGypsy-nkene", apho kubonakala ngokupheleleyo ezintsha umqambi esithi: Hungarian ngoncuthu iintsomi, ukwakhiwa engumxube, inyathelo enamandla. Nangona lo msebenzi zange umiselwe ukuba nempumelelo, kodwa imvumi ukususela ngoko ngakumbi nangakumbi ukholelwa ukuba uye wafumana indlela yakhe. Waqala ukusebenza librettists zobungcali kunye nemisebenzi ngokungakhathali.

Ngowe-1915 Imre Kalman "Silva" eyaba yakhawuleza, waziwa. Uba inkosi esivunyiweyo le operetta, ikhula ubutyebi bakhe, ekugqibeleni ukuyeka ukukhathazeka malunga ngomso. Ngowe-1921, le iphambili "Bayadere", ngo-1924 - "Maritsa". Umqambi ngokuqinileyo yemizi indawo ephambili eVienna imvumi, eyinkunzi umculo wakhetha ukumkani omtsha.

Ngowe-1926, i-operetta, leyo wadalwa yi Imre Kalman, "The Circus Nkosazana", waba uloyiso ngokwenene. Yayiyindawo owujikelezileyo kuba abaphulaphuli wayemthanda kwiindawo kulo msebenzi bevuma yonke. Ekubeni yintshukumo operetta kwenzeka eyase eRashiya, ayimangalisi into yokuba omnye emiboniso lokuqala lwenzeka eMoscow.

Musa ukulindela ukuba ibe yimpumelelo enkulu kunye "I Violet of Montmartre", kuye kwaboniswa e Vienna, inani irekhodi amaxesha - 170! Kodwa ke ekuqalekeni 30 kwaba nzima ukuba eYurophu Austria, amaNazi ukuza ngamandla, yaye Kalman ungumYuda. Kwafuneka ukuba ukhathazeke kwakhona ngobomi bakho.

izwe

Ngowe-1938 Imre Kalman, ogama biography kugcwele ubunzima nezilingo, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ushiye Austria. Okokuqala waya eParis, apho wafumana iButho Ukuhlonipha, uze - eUnited States. Wayehlala iminyaka eli-11 e-Melika, wahlaselwa sistroke, yaye apho Ebongozwa yentsapho babuyela eYurophu kuhlala eParis. ixesha yokushiywa Kalman kudala operettas amabini kuphela - "Marinka" yaye "Arizona Lady", othe waba nempumelelo ezifana imisebenzi ngaphambili umqambi.

lemveli creative

Imisebenzi ye Imre Kalman namhlanje eyaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Nangona ebhala ezingama operettas 17. 9 kubo baye babe yinxalenye repertoire zemidlalo ezininzi zomculo kuphela eYurophu kodwa eUnited States. Ukongeza, kusekho imisebenzi Symphonic nepiyano umqambi. Best Indalo Kalman bakholelwa operetta "angamaGypsy-nkene", "Mchako Czardas", "sisidwangube Maritza", "I Circus Nkosazana", "I uViolet of Montmartre".

Ezintathu uthando Imre Kalmana

Imre Kalman waba imbali yakho umdla kakhulu, kwakukho inkanuko eyomeleleyo ezithathu ebomini bakhe. Umqambi, ngokubanzi, indoda unprepossessing: ngesithomo encinane, iindawo ezinkulu kusempandleni eselula, udakumbile, notorious. Akukho nto kuluthethelele kuye impumelelo enkulu kunye besini esahlukileyo.

uthando lwakhe lokuqala mkhulu Paula Dvorak - ubuhle, lo operetta weqonga. Kuba okokuqala wabona kuyo ngomhla wokuqala nokuphumelela operetta yakhe yokuqala eVienna. Kalman Imre umzamo omkhulu kucinywa kwaphumelela intliziyo diva, yena wayemdala iminyaka bakhe abali-10, kuthandana kwabo kwaba zezilwanyana onokucinga ngazo. Kodwa utshate umqambi Paula akazange afune ukuhamba. Wayesazi ukuba abantwana yena akasoze. Okona kubalulekileyo Imre, ukupheka kuye, ukumnika intuthuzelo, yaye anelisekile ebomini. Yena nzima ukusebenza, waba apho. Kodwa idyll luphele. Emva kweminyaka eli-18 sitshatile, Paula wabulawa sephepha. Umqambi usizi yayingazani imida. Ngexesha kuthandana kwabo, wakha operetta akhe.

Ngexesha ubomi Paula bendicinga malunga nendlela uya kuphila Kalman ngaphandle kwayo. Yona waphefumlela naye nengcamango ukuba uza kutshata ibhinqa eliselula uya kuzala abantwana bakhe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yena wamazisa umdlali yeengcungcu eliqaqambileyo Agnes Esterhazy. Phakathi umqambi kunye umdlali nomlilo iimvakalelo. Emva kokufa Nomvula Kalman wayenethemba ukutshata Agnes. Wayithenga indlu, ndihlanjwe ngeentyatyambo kunye nezipho. Kodwa xa ndafunda malunga ukukrexeza abahlobo, woyixolela, yena nako.

Ngowe-1940, Kalman uhlangene emigrant oselula kakhulu Russia Vera Makinsk, awayezama abe ngumdlali movie. Umqambi yahlaselwa ebutsheni bakhe nobuhle. Watshata uVera, kodwa umtshato engonwabanga, nangona sele wazalelwa oonyana abathathu. Ukholo wayengafuni kwi idle, shopping eninzi, iinoveli, hayi Kalman kuphela. Imre wamxolela zonke kuye, bambongoza ukuba ushiye kuye, ukuthatha unonophelo lwabantwana. Bhala ukuba kanye kanye, kunye nenkuthazo liyayeka ukuba eze kuye.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Emva istrowuku ngo-1949, Kalman waba ofe. Ubomi bakhe kwaba nzima, yena inxaxheba abantwana, ndazama ukubhala umculo, kodwa ke ngumsebenzi embi. Emva ngowe-1950 e-Paris, Imre Kalman uzama ukusebenza kunye operetta yakutshanje, nto leyo ukusilela iyonke umqambi. October 30, 1953 Kalman wafa. Yena ke wangcwatywa Vienna - isixeko lobungangamsha bakhe.

anika umdla

Eminye iminyaka 4 Imre Kalman awayezithanda umculo, wachitha iiyure phantsi iifestile uprofesa, violin, xa useleganelwe. Kamva, waqeqesha ukudlala ipiyano iiyure ezili-16 ngosuku, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni le yokwenzakala.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo Kalman indoda eliqhelekileyo kwaye nengqiqo. Kodwa kakhulu ukoyika ngoLwezihlanu kunye nenombolo "13". Akazange States kule nombolo 13 amisiweyo, wayekholelwa ukuba inombolo yakhe Lucky - "17", sazama ukugcina operetta yakhe wabonisa okokuqala kwaba ngaloo mihla. Wayekholelwa ukuba lo operetta kufuneka banxibe amagama abafazi kuphela ukuba kuphumelela.