Yintoni Ziyaqhubeka phosphorus? Ziyaqhubeka phosphorus - imiphumo. Ziyaqhubeka Action phosphoric

Ngophuhliso zobugcisa eyama isetyenziswa imfazwe, efunekayo iimbumbulu, ekwaziyo ukuzibandakanya imikhosi kumphezulu kotshaba kummandla omkhulu. iziqhushumbisi sigade ezibe olwandulela leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Baba izixhobo zamandulo, kuqulethe itanki zeparafini kunye inertial fuse, leyo wakhonza njengesiseko ukuba umpu iCartridge eqhelekileyo.

Kule 30 zenkulungwane lokugqibela zazisetyenziselwa aseMelika iibhola phosphate ekuthiwa njalo-. Ukuzalisa nabo bakhonza phosphorus etyheli ngohlobo granules ubungakanani 15-20 mm. Xa siyeka ibhola loo bile, kodwa kufutshane emhlabeni elivuthayo amasuntswana phosphorus propaliv iqokobhe saa ngokugquma ummandla omkhulu imvula umlilo. Kuye isetyenziswe njenge ndlela meko kuzitshisa iingqalutye umlilo kwamatanki ezikhethekileyo moya kwi iyenzeka.

Ngexesha Second World War, kuqala uluntu bafunda ukuba ukuqhushumba phosphoric esinjalo ngendlela apho ikhona namhlanje. Yaba isikhongozeli ezele iibhola phosphorus ezinobunzima grams 100 ukuya 300, ubunzima elipheleleyo ukuya ithani. ordnance Loo lehla ukusuka kubude malunga 2 km liqhuma leemitha 300 ukusuka emhlabeni. Kule mihla phosphorus amaqokobhe sigade ngenxa bemikhosi kakhulu ehlabathini beshumayela inxalenye enkulu yonke iimbumbulu ezisetyenziselwa iziqhushumbisi.

phosphorus amhlophe

Phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ezinokutsha ezisetyenziswa izixhobo sigade, phosphorus omhlophe indawo ekhethekileyo. Oku kungenxa iimpawu zayo unique imichiza, ubukhulu becala lobushushu yokutsha kufika kumgomo 800-1000 Celsius. Enye into ebalulekileyo isakhono weli kucingwa ukuba phemba ngokuzenzekelayo wadibana oksijini emoyeni. Burning, phosphorus ezimhlophe uya kuvelisa umsi ashinyeneyo ezingenabungozi, nto leyo ebangela ukutsha angaphakathi iphecana yokuphefumla kunye ubuthi umzimba.

A ithamo 0.05-0.1 g ebulalayo umntu. A phosphorus emhlophe enziwe okanye impefumlelwano phosphate apatites kunye dust kunye coke, kubushushu degrees 1600. Ngokwangaphandle, wakhangela ngathi wax, lula gqitha yaye cut, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba egcwalisa emthethweni. Kukho kwakhona zibhombu, ezele phosphorus emhlophe plasticized. Plasticization kuphunyezwa ngokudibanisa isisombululo viscous le yerabha zokwenziwa.

Iintlobo sigade zezixhobo phosphorus emhlophe

Namhlanje kukho iintlobo ezininzi izixhobo, onakalise kwento leyo phosphorus emhlophe:

• Ziyaqhubeka;
• rocket;
• amaqokobhe zokudubula;
• sabaleka ngodaka;
• iziqhushumbisi ngesandla.

Eyona eyingozi ke iintlobo ezimbini zokuqala iimbumbulu, njengoko abanesizalwane elikhulu nakwabanye amathuba umxhelo.

Yintoni ukuqhushumba phosphoric

Ziyaqhubeka Modern phosphorus - lo moya iimbumbulu, kuqulethe lwezindlu, kukho isikhombisi fuel phosphorus emhlophe okanye umxube ezintsonkothileyo kwentlawulo eziliqela, yaye ikwayindlela ucinezelo yayo. Zingakotshwa zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini ngokutsho actuation indlela: emoyeni emva ifuthe kunye komhlaba. Okokuqala actuated yokuqhumisa elawulwa, ngokusekelwe ephakame obunqwenelekayo airspeed-moya, le yokugqibela ziqhume ngqo phezu impembelelo.

Izindlu naweebhombu ezinjalo zidla ezenziwe i amafutha ingxubevange ebizwa ngokuba "electron", equka nemagnesium aluminium, nto leyo itshile kunye mxube. Kudla ifakwe iphosphate ezinye ezinokuvutha, napalm umz okanye thermite, nto leyo ibabambezelayo ekubeni kunyusa iqondo lobushushu yokutsha kwalo mxube. Ziyaqhubeka Action phosphoric ngathi ukuqhushumba ezele napalm. Amazinga zombini izinto yokutsha malunga twatse (800-1000 ° C), kodwa ke ngenxa phosphorus kunye napalm kwi emthethweni mihla eli zinga likhulu kune 2,000 iphe ^˚

I-Air Force kwezinye imikhosi Ziyaqhubeka zeqela sigade, ezo isikhongozelo ekhethekileyo ezele qhu iziqhushumbisi ezincinane. Wahlukana isikhongozeli ilawulwa inkqubo kwi-kwibhodi esweni wayityhila, ukuba ubude ethile, nto leyo evumela Iimboniselo eziphambili wabetha bekujoliswe kuko ngakumbi kanye. Ukuze siqonde oko ukuqhushumba phosphoric kwintshukumo, kufuneka ulumkele ingozi ebangelwa zizinto yawo echaphazela.

izinto ezichaphazela

Xa usebenzisa phosphorus mhlophe ukuba izinto ezinokutsha ukuba iziqhushumbisi bafumana izinto ezininzi umonakalo:

• nelangatye ezinamandla ukutshiswa umxube kubushushu ukuya ku-2000 C ^˚ ukutsha ezibangela, ukwenzakala ezoyikekayo nokufa kabuhlungu;
• igesi eyityhefu, amahlaba, baqhumisela umgudu inkanuko;
• oksijini aqhumisele kummandla isicelo, nisingise ukutsarhwa;
• mothuko ngokwasengqondweni ezibangelwa ngeesarha.

esinye sazo encinane Phosphoric liqhuma kwi ukuphakama elichanekileyo, ebetha ummandla ka 100-200 square metres, nesigubungelo ngeenxa zonke umlilo. Ukufumana emzimbeni womntu, amasuntswana of SLAG, baqhumisela intonga iphosphate kunye carbonize inyama ephilayo. Ngaba kuwucima, uvimba ukufikelela kwe-oksijini.

Ziyaqhubeka phosphorus Special ekwasetyenziselwa ukubandakanya utshaba, ukuba kwi khusi. Osuke ku 1500-2000 ^˚ C ukuba angawutshisi amafutha umxube ekwaziyo zentsimbi kunye kwemigangatho eyikonkriti, yaye ucinga ukuba amaqondo enjalo aqhumisele oksijini emoyeni, amathuba okusinda, efihliweyo kwigumbi elingaphantsi, lo amaphenyane okanye enye indawo yokuhlala, neze.

Kwaba ukufa strangulation amakhulu abahlali abantu Vietnamese ngexesha elinye ukuhlasela ye US Air Force. Aba bantu lixhelelwe a dugouts pre-ukugrunjwa, ndingenabo obam nofifi ngoko ukuqhushumba phosphoric.

Imiphumo ukusetyenziswa Iimboniselo phosphorus abamhlophe

Ngexesha napalm yokutsha kunye phosphorus wakhululwa ubunzima amachiza ayityhefu emoyeni, kuquka iidioksini - onamandla into enetyhefu enalo umhlaza womelele mutagenic. I-US Air Force ngexesha lephulo Vietnam belizwe zisetyenziswa napalm kunye phosphorus iibhombu. Iziphumo ngeemveliso ukutshiswa ezi zinto kwi umzimba womntu inokubonakalisa ngeli xesha. Kwiindawo ezithe phantsi a bombardment onjalo, yaye namhlanje abantwana bazalwa ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu kunye zofuzo.

Ukuthintelwa naweebhombu phosphate

Iimboniselo White phosphorus asingabo ngokusemthethweni ezinxulumene nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuphela yi-protocol of the Convention UN. Olu xwebhu olawula ukusetyenziswa kwazo ukulungiselela iinjongo zomkhosi, vala ukusetyenziswa ngenxa ukuhlaselwa izinto ngoxolo. Ngokutsho protocol, iziqhushumbisi phosphorus abavumelekanga ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezihlala abantu kunye neendawo zazo, nokuba kukho amaziko zomkhosi.

aziwayo zezixhobo phosphorus mhlophe ngexesha lethu

Ngexesha umsebenzi Cambodia kwi-1980 kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, umkhosi Vietnamese kusetyenziswa moya imijukujelwa engakhokelwa, ityala phosphorus emhlophe, ukuba kutshatyalaliswe "Khmer Rouge". amaqokobhe phosphorous lovukelo zasetyenziswa iinkonzo zobuntlola British ngo-2003 kufuphi nesixeko Basra e-Iraq.

Emva konyaka, e-Iraq, i-Army US sele isicelo kwidabi for Fallujah Ziyaqhubeka phosphorus. Amafoto imiphumo iziqhushumbisi ubona kwinqaku. Ngo-2006 no-2009, umkhosi wakwaSirayeli kusetyenziswa zezixhobo phosphorus emhlophe ngethuba yeSibini Lebanon War kunye eGaza Strip ngexesha Operation "Wethu, sikhuphele Lead".

Indlela yokukhusela nxamnye sesichengeni le phosphorus avuthayo

Ukuze ukukhusela kakuhle bona evela imibandela eyingozi phosphorus iimbumbulu, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza ngokucacileyo uhlobo ukusetyenziswa Armed. Kwimeko usebenzisa Ziyaqhubeka phosphorous, moya, kunye iphaphazela phantsi edangatyeni kunye umsi obumhlophe okanye ukutshisa emva kwindawo uqhushumbo, ngoko nangoko shiya kommandla ochaphazelekayo, lihamba bejonge nevetrenuyu.

Njengoko abafuna ukusebenzisa isithuba ngcono strong sifana kunye umoya ngenkani. Ukuba ezinjalo sites ayikwazanga kufunyanwa, ukusetyenziswa izisele, imisele, wemihadi, izithuthi, nesigubungelo ngokwayo nga ngcono, nto leyo isebenze njenge yesinyithi okanye panel zomthi, iibhodi, iintente, njl, ekhumbula ukuba uza kubonelela kuphela ukhuseleko elifutshane.

Kuba ukhuselo yokuphefumla kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iimaski lokucoca, respirators okanye ilaphu elithambileyo zifakwe nesisombululo nesoda yokubhaka. Emva ukunxibelelana umxube elivuthayo iimpahla okanye ulusu kuyimfuneko ukucima umlilo, nesigubungelo ijwabu site ngenxeba, uvimba ukufikelela ioksijini yangaphandle. Xa kungekho tyala unokukunyanzela phantsi ngokuhlikihla idangatye ukususela kwindawo yokutsha ke ngoko zandiswe. Azivunyelwanga icima kunye nokusebenzisa amanzi ngokunxulumene ngethuba lokutshiza umxube enokutsha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zatushennye amasuntswana phosphorus amhlophe ukuze phemba kwakhona.