Izinto eziyityhefu, ukuhlelwa kwazo

arhente Chemical bamele iikhemikali eziyityhefu asetyenziswa ukuba litshitshiswe imikhosi eziphilayo lotshaba ngexesha lemfazwe. Zinelungelo inani iipropati emzimbeni imichiza, kangangokuba kwimeko impi abe lulwelo, kutshizwe okanye urhulumente umphunga yaye yakha isiseko kwemichiza izixhobo (weapon of intshabalalo mass). RH ukungena ezahlukeneyo ezivulekileyo iindawo, indawo yokuhlala okanye isakhiwo kuchaphazela izinto abawafumana khona, ukugcina iziphumo zazo ukuya kwixesha elithile emva kokusetyenziswa.

agents zemichiza imfazwe ukugqobhoza emzimbeni womntu ngeendlela ezininzi: ngesikhumba, amalungu zemiphunga okanye zokugaya, inwebu yangaphakathi. Iqondo nohlobo ukonzakala zixhomekeke kwindlela emzimbeni, ukusasazwa kwayo kunye namazinga nokupheliswa kwayo, kwakunye neendlela amanyathelo ngayo izinto eziyityhefu, kwaye iimpawu ngabanye emzimbeni womntu.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho uhlobo oluthile ezi izinto. Ukubaluleka kakhulu zezi:

1. Uhlelo period (ngesenzo kwi eziphilayo). Ezi ziquka izinto ezingezo-gqolo ezingenabungozi, zokunyanzelisa arhente ezinetyhefu nomsi.

a) arhente non-ziqhu - ezinokosulela emoyeni, zakha ilifu ngomphunga, nto leyo isasazwa kwi kwicala umoya kwaye dissipated kunokuba ngokukhawuleza.

b) OB ziqhu - izinto ulwelo, ukudala ilifu ukuba osuleleke yi zetoti. Inxalenye imichiza elahlwe ngokohlobo umbethe kwindawo ezingqongileyo.

c) OB nomsi - zisetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo yomsi yaye ziqulathe eziqinileyo.

2. Uhlelo kwebhola (kwi ukuziphatha ngengingqi). Ezi ziquka iityhefu iyabulala, engathethekiyo ixesha ixesha elithile kunye arhente kukucaphukisa.

a) sibulala - ukukhonza ukuphelisa izinto eziphilayo.

b) engathethekiyo - ukukhonza ukwenza ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ebantwini.

c) Into etyabulayo - ezisetyenziswa usenokuzidinisa abantu.

Kwakhona, uhlobo ifuthe ezingaphansi emzimbeni womntu:

1. arhente luvo (isisi, VX, soman) - ziqulathe phosphorus, ngoko ayityhefu kakhulu. Bona bayakwazi Ukuqokelela kuchaphazela luvo lomntu kunye nayiphi na enye indlela zingangeni emzimbeni. Le ulwelo enemibala ukuba akukho ivumba, leyo zikhawuleze enyibilikayo izinyibilikisi ze zendalo, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe zonke emanzini.

2. om enetyhefu (phosphine, arsine, hydrocyanic acid) - kuwuhlambela izihlunu yokuphefumla, ukuyeka iinkqubo zabo oxidative. Ezi zinto angena emzimbeni amalungu bokuphefumla zesisu.

3. asphyxiant (chloropicrin, phosgene kunye diphosgene) - wabetha ijwabu kwemiphunga kunye iphecana eliphezulu wokuphefumla ngokusebenzisa isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, ebangela pulmonary nokudumba, ukuphefumla kunye nokufa.

4. izinto effect ityhefu (CS, igesi CR, chloroacetophenone) - inegalelo kwinwebu kwiinwebu isixokelelwano sokuphefumla namehlo. Oku isetyenziswa ngohlobo ulwelo, ibangela ukutsha, ukukhubazeka yokuphefumla, zokuma kunye nokufa.

5. blister RH (lewisite, igesi lwemostade) - ongena umzimba ngesikhumba kwakunye nomkhwinya imifinya, ibangela ityiwe izilonda amanqaku udibana nesikhumba.

6. arhente Psychogenic (OB, BZ) - kubangele iingxaki emzimbeni kunye kwengqondo ngu pulses sophazamiso transmission neuromuscular.

7. ubuthi (botulinum, enteroksin staphylococcal) - kubangele central system ukukhubazeka luvo, ukugabha, ukonakalisa umzimba.

Ngoko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sasifunda phantse zonke iintlobo zezinto ezinetyhefu. Bonke bephela ziyakwazi wokosulela umzimba womntu, ebangela ityhefu yakhe. Kuba yokhuseleko ngexesha kubalulekile ukufumana ngokukhawuleza RH, wabeka uhlobo ingqondo. siye kuphela ke bazuze iziphumo ezintle kubonelelo uncedo lwezonyango ukuya amaxhoba ngexesha lemfazwe.