Kutheni Ndithenge imiphefumlo abafileyo Chichikov? Zonke nandzu leziganeko kulo mthetho

Kutheni Ndithenge Chichikov imiphefumlo abafileyo evela benani

Ukuze siqonde oko isenzo ukuya umlinganiswa ophambili, umfundi kufuneka ujonge mthombo wokuqala - umbongo N. V. Gogolya "Abafileyo Imiphefumlo". Kulo kucaca kutheni Chichikov ukuba uthenga imiphefumlo abafileyo. Kodwa ukufunda kwexesha amaxesha ngokwaneleyo ukubhala isincoko ngandlela kuyimfuneko. Kaloku, Kakade ke, kunzima ngokwengoma Basque. Ngoko ke, kunokuba ngokuthumela Gogol zizityebi zemibala ulwimi ndisebenzisa belandela elula. A nalufefe, kuba ngoko kuphela lwesihloko ombambazelayo kwi "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" - ukufunda yaye xa ubona umfanekiso ebukekayo. Kaloku, wayithanda umfundi uya kufunda emsebenzini wakho lokuphola, akunjalo? Yaye ndiya kuqhubeka.

Yintoni ngamayelenqe

wathandana Key, awayakhayo umbongo Gogol kaThixo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" kwathiwa, lo ukukwazi ukufumana imali-mboleko - mali ihlawulwe kwiBhodi yeTrasti. Kule izibambiso lwaluququzelelwa ngumnini ngamakhoboka. Iziganeko ezichazwe yi Gogol, kungaba phantse amakhulu amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo, ngoko kufanelekile ukwazisa umfundi kwezinye iimeko zobomi Russian kwelo xesha. Kwathi ngelo xesha ukukhankanya imeko ophambili eluntwini. Ekugqibeleni, sijonge ukuba bakhangele umbuzo Chichikov imiphefumlo abafileyo kutheni wayithenga.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Ngasekupheleni 1718 uPetros I wakhupha umyalelo kwi kubalo lwabantu eyindoda. Ukususela ngaloo mihla likumgangatho ixesha elabelwe ukwenza ngokomyalelo kakumkani, akwanelanga. ezintathu sachithwa endaweni konyaka omnye, ze emva koko omnye ezintathu ukubamba i "uhlaziyo" - khangela ngokuchaneka ekwenzeni uluhlu, obizwa ngokuba "iintsomi." Phambi ukupheliswa serfdom enjalo "zophicotho" lwenziwa iminyaka elishumi owaziwa zabo. Apha, kukho ingongoma umdla - xesha lekhefu apho linokuchazwa yi iziganeko kumbongo. Xa ubungqina nga kugwetywa ukuba isenzo senzeka kwindawo yokuqala kwenkulungwane XVIII. Kwaye Patriotic War of 1812 unyaka nje kuphela, kodwa nokuba esikhohlakeleyo kancinci.

isehlo era

Nokuba singaqondi ukuba ngoba kutheni Chichikov ukuba uthenga imiphefumlo abafileyo, siyazi ukuba ebiyizuzile nje, namadoda kuphela 'ukugqiba "oko kukuthi, kwafuneka senjongo resettle kubo kwelinye iphondo. Kwakhona ukuba kwaphuma ummiselo ngo-1833, ngako oko ayivumelekanga "ukwahlula usapho." Ngenxa yoko, adventures Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov kwenzeka ngexesha phakathi "uhlaziyo" ka-1815 kunye 1833 kaThixo. Ngoko ke, enye iimeko zobomi Russian kwelo xesha na isiganeko kulandelayo: abalimi abafileyo inani olunemiqathango wabaphilileyo, nabo kunye ngumnini kuhlawulisa irhafu ukuya kutsho Census ekufutshane - "uhlaziyo".

amatyala irhafu

Kunye abalimi bafumana Pavel Ivanovich wathabatha phezu kunye namatyala irhafu elijongeka ilahleko oluqhubekayo. Ibiya kuthetha ukuba akukho ingcaciso sivakalayo izenzo ezinjalo kwaye ekuqaleni akucaci Chichikov kutheni uthenga imiphefumlo abafileyo. Kodwa kwakukho zisekhona ngomahluko kwi ngoko umthetho uvumela umlinganiswa ophambili yokwakha inkqubo yobuqhophololo ukwenza imali. Ngelo xesha, urhulumente ezaziphethe uqoqosho umnini ukuze kuthintelwe ukunciphisa amanani zabo ukuthintela ukulahleka. Ngapha koko, urhulumente kwakufuneka ukufumana irhafu kunye ukubuthwa. Ukuba umnini wafa ngaphandle abadala ziindlalifa (ikwazi), okanye abanye basebe- kwaqhutywa engafanelekanga, phezu amagama afana zabelwe ukugada.

Trustees Council

amabhunga umlondolozi Imperial asekwa eMoscow St Petersburg foster amakhaya. Umsebenzi wabo kukugcina wabahlali amanene, okoko nje loo nto xa befile abaphili. emafeni zonakale nto kuthengiswa ngakumbi efandesini ngaphezu kokuba umnini esisityebi. Nayiphi Wayengakwazi ukufumana inzala kulawulo ukuchacha semboleko kukhuseleko komhlaba kunye nabalimi. mboleko Ezo banikwa amabhunga ngabalondolozi, umthombo wakhe engundoqo yengeniso nje ngemali efunyenwe kwiSebe kwentengiso. Ukuba intlawulo kade umdla okanye ukungaphumeleli ukubuyisela i mboleko ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwilifa ningazani ngakwicala kwiziko ngetyala kwaye kuthengiswa kwifandesi. Oku "ivili" kufuneka aze ajikeleziswe ixesha elide, kodwa Chichikov izama ndicinge ukuba ndikhwele njani kuyo ukuze kungenelwe bona.

ubuqhetseba

Yena, enyanisweni, wayefuna ukufumana imali-mboleko kwi ukhuseleko ngamakhoboka, kodwa loo nto na, ndagqiba ekubeni ukuwathenga. Ngelo xesha yena wayezimisele "ephepheni" thenga ngendleko ephantsi amahlwempu owasifelayo, kodwa ingqalelo ephila ngokusemthethweni. Kakade ke, Chichikov ukuba akayi kwixesha elizayo ukuze ahlawule irhafu yomntu, inzala ngemali-mboleko, yaye ngakumbi ke ukuba ukuyibuyisa le mali uyibolekiweyo. Jikelezisa umkhonyovu ukufumana isibambiso bekuya kuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba Chichikov kuphela amafama wasentsomini, kodwa akazange elizweni. Thenga umhlaba kwiphondo enye, apho abalimi kuba imali eninzi. Ukongeza, kuba oko bekuya kuba nzima kakhulu, ukuba ngamakhoboka musa okunene. Ngoko ke, lo osisilumko Pavel Ivanovich wagqiba ukuthenga umhlaba cheap emaphandleni ase iphondo Kherson, kwaye abalimi yakhe "zokurhoxiswa." On amaphepha bonke idibane, uze ujonge akukho namnye uya, ke ngoko, nika-mboleko.