UAlbert Hoffman - isazi samachiza eSwitzerland, uyise weLSD: i-biography

UAlbert Hoffman, isazi samakhemikhali eSwitzerland owanikezela ihlabathi LSD, into eyingozi kakhulu yengqondo eyaziwa ngoku, yafa ngo-Ephreli 2008 ekhayeni lakhe entabeni yaseBasel, eSwitzerland. Wayeneminyaka eyi-102 ubudala.

Ngokutsho kukaRick Doblin, umsunguli nomongameli woMbutho oPhando loPhando lweeSychedelic, esekelwe eCalifornia, imbangela yokufa yayisifo senhliziyo. Le ntlangano ngo-2005 yabuyisela kwakhona incwadi, leyo ngo-1979 yashicilelwa nguAlbert Hoffman, "Umntwana wam onzima uLSD."

Usosayensi waseSwitzerland okokuqala wavelisa i-compound ye- lysergic acid ngo-1938, kodwa akafumananga imiphumo yengqondo ye-psychopharmacological de kube yiminyaka emihlanu kamva wadla i-substance e-counterculture yama-1960 eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-acid.

Emva koko wathatha i-LSD amakhulu amaxesha, kodwa wayeyicinga njengesixhobo esinamandla kunye nesingozi esinengqondo ye-psychotropic, esifuna intlonipho. Kodwa okubaluleke ngaphezu kokuzonwabisa kwimeko yama-psychedelic kuye kwakubaluleka kwesi sidakamizwa njengoncedo ekucamngeni nasekuqondeni into awabiza ngayo ubunye bentlalo kunye nendalo. Le ngcamango, eyayifika kuDkt. Hoffman njengengqiqo enokwenkolo njengomntwana, ikhokelela ngobomi bakhe bomntu nobomi.

Ozarenie

UAlbert Hoffman wazalelwa eBaden, idolophu yokutyelela enyakatho yeSwitzerland, ngoJanuwari 11, 1906. Wayengowokuqala kwabantwana abane. Uyise, owayengenayo imfundo ephakamileyo, wayengumenzi wezinto ezikulo mveliso, kwaye intsapho yayihlala kwindawo yokuhlala. Kodwa uAlbert wasebenzisa ixesha elininzi lokukhululeka kwisitrato.

Waduka phezu kweenduli ezingaphezu kwesi sixeko waza wadlala kwiindawo zokubhubha zakwaHabsburg "uStein." "Kwakukho iparadesi yangempela," wathetha ngodliwano-ndlebe ngo-2006. "Sasingenayo imali, kodwa ndandinomntwana omhle."

Ngethuba lenye yeendlela, kwafika ingqiqo kuye.

Yenzeke kusasa ngoMeyi - ndalibala unyaka, kodwa ndiyakwazi ukubona apho kwenzeka khona, endleleni eya ehlathini ngaseMartinsburg, "wabhala encwadini yakhe. - Ndanduluka ehlathini ngamaphepha amaqabunga, azaliswe ngomsindo weentaka kwaye akhanyiswa ilanga lokusa, kwaye ngokukhawuleza kubonakala ngokukhanya okungaqhelekanga. Uhlobo lwalukhutshwe ngumoya omhle kakhulu, oluchaphazela ubunzulu bomphefumlo, njengokungathi unqwenela ukungamkela ngobukhulu bawo. Ndandiphazamiseka ngokungazenzisiyo, uvuyo kunye nokuthula. "

Nangona uyise kaHoffman wayengumKatolika kwaye unina ungumProtestanti, yena ngokwakhe wayeseneminyaka emininzi wayekholelwa ukuba unqulo lulahlekile into ebaluleke kakhulu. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-7 okanye eyi-8 ubudala, u-Albert wathetha nomhlobo malunga nokuba uYesu wayengunkulunkulu. "Ndatsho ukuba andiyikholwa, kodwa uThixo kufuneka ukuba, kuba kukho uxolo kunye nomntu owadala," watsho. "Unxibelelwano olunzulu kunye nendalo."

Ukhetho lo msebenzi

UHoffman waya kufundisisa i-chemistry kwiYunivesithi yaseZurich, njengoko wayefuna ukuphonononga ihlabathi elijikelezile kumanqanaba apho izixhobo zamandla kunye neekhemikhali zidibanisa ukudala ubomi. Ngowe-1929, xa wayeneminyaka engama-23 kuphela, wathola i-Ph.D. Emva koko wafumana umsebenzi kwi-laboratories yaseSandoz eBasel, apho wayethandwa yiprogram yokwenza izinto zokwenza izinto zezilwanyana kwizityalo zemithi.

«Usuku lwebhayisekile»

Ngoxa wayesebenza ne-ergot echaphazela i-rye, wakhubeka kwi-LSD, kwaye ngengozi ngoLwesihlanu ntambama, ngo-Ephreli 1943, wasebenzisa iyeza ngaphakathi. Kungekudala wafumana imeko yokuziqonda, efana neyayibona ebuntwaneni.

NgoMvulo olandelayo, u-Albert Hoffman LSD ngamabomu. Isilwanyana saqala ukusebenza xa ekhwele ekhaya lakhe. Ngaloo mini, ngo-Epreli 19, kamva wabuya wangeniswa ngabathandi bezonyango. Bayibiza ngokuthi "Usuku lwebhayisekile".

Khemistry yeSityhilelo

UDkt. Hoffman uye wadala ezinye izidakamizwa ezibalulekileyo, kuquka i-metergin, esetyenziselwa ukhathaza isisu somzimba emva kwesisu-isizathu esibalulekileyo sokufa ngexesha lokubeletha. Kodwa kwakuyi-LSD eyenza umsebenzi wakhe kunye nokufuna kwakhe kokomoya.

Ngenxa yemvakalelo yam xa ndithatha i-LSD kunye nomfanekiso wam omtsha wenyaniso, ndaqonda ummangaliso wendalo, ubuqaqawuli bemvelo, isilwanyana kunye nesityalo, "uHoffman watshela u-psyismist Stanislaw Grof ngo-1984. "Ndandichukumisa kakhulu into eya kwenzeka kuyo yonke le nto nakuyo sonke."

Izidakamizwa ezingcwele

UDkt. Hoffman waba ngumkhuseli okhuselekileyo wendalo. Uthe iLSD ayilona nje isixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu kwisifo sengqondo, kodwa singasetyenziselwa ukuvusa ukuqonda ngokubanzi indawo yabantu abantu bemvelo ukuyeka ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo.

Kodwa wayekhathazekile ngokusetyenziswa kweLSD njengesiza sokuzonwabisa. Ngokutsho kwakhe, isilwanyana kufuneka sisetyenziswe ngendlela efana neentlanga ezinokuqala zisebenzisa izityalo ezingcwele zengqondo-ngokunyameko nangenjongo yokomoya.

Emva kokufumanisa iipropati ze-psychotropic substance, u-Albert Hoffman wayichitha iminyaka efunda izityalo ezingcwele. Ekunye nomhlobo wakhe uGordon Wasson, wathatha inxaxheba kwimimiselo ye-psychedelic yama-shamans-iMesatheks eningizimu yeMexico. Wakwazi ukuvelisa izixhobo ezisebenzayo ze-mushroom ye-psilocyb Mexicana, ebizwa ngokuba yi-psilocin kunye ne-psilocybin. Ukongezelela, isazi samakhemikhali sihlukanise isicaka esisebenzayo sembewu ye-cornflower, esasetyenziselwa njengesiza, kwaye safumanisa ukuba isakheko samakhemikhali siseduze neLSD.

Ngethuba lexesha le-psychedelic, u-Hoffman wenza izihlobo ezinobuntu obuqhelekileyo njengoTimoti Leary, u- Allen Ginsberg kunye no-Aldous Huxley, owathi, ekufeni kwakhe ngo-1963, wabuza umfazi ukuba amjobe nge-LSD ukuze anqande intlungu yomdlavuza womqala.

Ilifa

Nangona kunjalo, nangona unomdla kwiinkompe ze-psychoactive, uyise we-LSD wahlala ekupheleni kweekhemistri yaseSwitzerland. Kwi-laboratory ye-Sandoz, waqhuba isebe lophando lamachiza angokwemvelo ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngo-1971.

Ibhaliwe ngaphezu kwekhulu lemibhalo yezesayensi, ebhalwe nguAlbert Hoffman. Iincwadi ze-chemist Swiss zizinikezele kwizinto ze-hallucinogenic. E-Eleusis: Ukudalulwa kweSigamente (1978), uthi ininzi yamasiko enkolo yamaGrike ayaphathelene nokusetyenziswa kwefungi e-hallucinogenic. Kwakhona wabhala ngokubhaliweyo incwadi ethi "Botany kunye ne-chemistry ye-hallucinogens" (1973), "Izilwanyana zooThixo: imvelaphi yokusetyenziswa kwe-hallucinogens" (1979). Ngomnyaka we-1989, incwadi yakhe ethi Insight / Outlook (1989) malunga nokuqonda kweyona nyaniso yashicilelwe, kwaye emva kokufa umsebenzi "uElixir Hoffman: LSD kunye neNew Eleusis" (2008) yapapashwa.

UAlbert Hoffman kunye nomkakhe u-Anita, owafa ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, wakhulisa abantwana abane eBasel. Indodana yafa ngenxa yobunxila kwiminyaka engama-53. UHoffman wasinda abazukulwana abaninzi kunye nabazukulu.

Nangona i-chemist yeSwitzerland ebizwa ngokuthi i-LSD "yonyango yomphefumlo," ngowama-2006, iintsuku apho wathatha i-hallucinogens, edala edluleyo. "Ndiyazi iLSD; Andifuneki ukuba ndiyithathe, "watsho wathi," mhlawumbi xa ndifa njengoAldous Huxley. " Ngokutsho kwakhe, i-LSD ayizange ifuthe iingcinga zakhe ngokufa. "Emva kokufa, ndiya kubuyela apho ndaye ndazalwa khona, yikho konke."

UAlbert Hoffman: iingcaphuno

Ngezantsi zikhona ezinye iingxelo eziyaziwa yiSwitzerland.

• Ukuzivelela koluntu kuhambelana nokukhula kunye nokwandiswa kokuzimela.
• I-LSD yindlela nje yokusibuyisela ekubeni ngubani okufanele sibe.
• Yiya emasimini, uye emasimini, uye ehlathini. Vula amehlo akho!
• UThixo uthetha kuphela kwabo baqonda ulwimi lwakhe.
• Ndiyakholwa ukuba ukuba abantu bafunde ukusebenzisa ukukhutshwa kwemibono ye-LSD kwiyeza kunye nokucamngca ngakumbi, ngoko ke phantsi kweemeko ezithile, le ngxaki ingaba ngumntwana.
• Ubumnono yisipho sikaThixo ebantwini.