Yintoni i-mycology? I-Mycology - isayensi yama-mushroom

Yintoni i-mycology? Kuyinto inzululwazi ephonononga amakhowe. I-Mycologists ihlolisisa iintlobo zeefungi kwaye zihlukanise kumaqela athile. Amakhowa ancedo, anokudliwa kwaye asetyenziswe ukuveliswa kwamachiza, okanye ukulimaza, kubangele izifo ezithile.

Umxholo weengcaphephe ze-mycology

I-Mycology yenzululwazi ephonononga iifungi kuzo zonke iintlobo zabo. Ubunqwenelekayo bezinto eziphilayo kukuba abanako ukuvelisa ukutya kwabo njengokuba benzayo, umzekelo, izityalo. Ukukhula ngokubanzi, kufuneka bafumane umthombo wezondlo. Ziyakhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezimnyama kwaye azidingi ukukhanya njengomthombo wobomi. Zininzi iintlobo zefungi zifana nezityalo ngokubonakala, kodwa zikhona ezo zihluke kakhulu.

Amandla okuphilisa ama-mushroom

Kukho iintlobo zefungi ezisetyenziswa njengamayeza okuphelisa izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye iimpawu zokuphilisa ziphumelela kangangokuba zibhekwa njengemilingo. Enye yeempawu eziqaqambileyo zefungi elisebenzayo yi-penicillin, leyo yembali yayo emininzi ilondoloze ubomi obungaphezu kwewaka. I-Penicillin isetyenziselwa i-antibiotic yokunyanga kwama-bacterial infections. Isibongo, esivela kuso, sithintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya. Amakhowe ayisiseko seentlobo ezininzi zeziyobisi, ezifana ne-steroids, eziphatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo.

Amakhowa amabi

I-Mycology iyinzululwazi yamakhowe, kwaye ayaziwa ukuba ayilungile kwaye ayilungile. Ukusuleleka kwe-fungal kungabangela izifo zesikhumba, umlomo womlomo, uthinte igazi kunye nentliziyo. Umntu unokugula kakhulu, kwaye unyango lwezonyango luyadingeka ukuze lulahleke izifo ezingathandekiyo. I-Fungus ayinakulimaza kuphela umzimba womntu, kodwa nayo ingendawo.

Amakhowe ngendlela yokubunjwa angakwazi ukugubungela izindonga zezindlu, okwenza umdaka kunye nephunga elimnandi, kunye nothuli lwayo kungabangela abantu ukuba babe neempembelelo ezifana nokukrazula nokukhwehlela. Zininzi iintlobo zama-mushroom zinetyhefu, kwaye azikwazi ukudliwa, njengoko zinokubangela ubuthi obubi kwaye zize zikhokelela ekufeni.

Iindidi ezininzi zeentlobo

Xa uphendula umbuzo malunga nokuba yiyiphi i-mycology, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kukho inani elikhulu leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zefungi. Iziphumo zophando kunye nokufundisisa le nzu lulwazi ziye zanceda amawaka abantu kwaye zatshintsha ubomi abaninzi. Ekubeni, kukho iindidi ezingama-70,000 zefungi, nangona ezininzi izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba kukho ubuncinane izilwanyana eziyi-1.5.

Yiyiphi i-mycology enzulu?

I-mycology enkulu kakhulu yintlalo yoluntu kunye nefilosofi yentlalo esekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba ubomi obuqinileyo bentsholongwane kunye nokusebenzisana kwabo kwimvelo kubakho izixhobo ezinamandla zokufunda indlela abantu abangakwazi ngayo ukusebenzisana kakuhle kunye nokulawula kakuhle ihlabathi abahlala kulo. Ezi ngcamango zazalelwa ngo-2006. Kutheni ama-mushroom ebaluleke kakhulu? I-mycology ephezulu yenzululwazi yindlela ama-mushroom anokuphucula ngayo umgangatho wobomi bomhlaba jikelele. Ihlabathi le-mycology lisoloko landa, kwaye ukuhlanganiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezifungutye ebomini banamhlanje kuthatha iifom ezintsha.

Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "okugqithiseleyo" ukuchaza le ndlela kwenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko ye-mycology incike kwiimeko ezininzi. Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kweefungi kusebenza ekuphuculeni imo kwaye kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto eziphilayo, eziqaphela ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo. Okwesibini, ngokusetyenziswa kweefungi, ukuzinza, ukuhlaliswa koluntu nokusingqongileyo kuphuculwe. Okwesithathu, igama elithi "likhulu" livela kwisiLatini elithi "radix", oku kuthetha "ingcambu".

Iingxaki ezinjengokungabikho kokutya, amanzi, ukucoceka, ukuvelisa umhlaba, ukunciphisa ukungcola nokunye okunakho ukuxazululwa ngumsebenzi onenjongo ngamakhowe - oko kufundiswa i-mycology. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze ufumane inzuzo enkulu kwisayensi, kufuneka ufike kwizinto eziphantsi.

Iyintoni i-mycology ukusuka kwindawo ebonakalayo yokujonga?

Amakhowa ayingumthombo wokutya okunomsoco kwaye onempilo. Bangakhula bevela kwipropati yephepha, inkunkuma yekhofi kunye nezityalo ezininzi ezingenayo, kuquka i-paniculate kunye ne-hyacinth yamanzi (enye yezityalo ezikhulayo ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi). Ukuqonda okubanzi kwehlabathi kumakhowa okukhulayo kunokukunceda ngokukhawuleza ukuxazulula indlala yehlabathi. Iifungi ezininzi zinamandla okulungisa izidumbu, zibulale iintsholongwane, zonyusa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-system immune system. Iidye nezinye iindidi ezincinane zingenza i-methane kunye nezinye iindlela ezikhoyo kwizinto ezinokuthi zenziwe ngotye.

Amakhowe, njengamanye amayeza angokwemvelo, akwazi ukuba nempembelelo enamandla yokukhusela. Basenokuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokufumana amayeza eninzi. Ukuqhawula, iifungi inokukunceda ekuhlaziyweni kwakhona komhlaba, ukwahlukana kweekhemikhali ezinobuthi kunye nokuqhubekayo, ukucoca amanzi ahlambulukileyo kunye nokutshabalalisa iplastiki. Unako ukukhulisa i-floral mycorrhizal ukwakha i-topsoil, ukuphucula imvelo yemvelo, ukugcina impilo yezityalo kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenzisa izichumisi.

Ziziphi izifundo ze-mycology, ezinokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi, ezikuthi: iingxaki zokunqongophala kokutya, umgangatho wamanzi, izifo ezingapheliyo, ukungcola komhlaba, iingxaki ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, yengqondo nengokomoya yomntu, izindlu nokunye okuninzi. Ukongezelela oku, isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kumakhowa kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla kuya kunceda ukujonga ihlabathi ehlukileyo ngendlela eyahlukileyo, apho zonke izinto eziphilayo zihlangene, kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani ukugcina impilo yendalo yonke.

Amashishini anceda ukugcina ihlabathi

Abalimi, abagadi bezityalo kunye nososayensi baye baqala ukuqonda ukubaluleka komhlaba onempilo. Ulwazi lulona luphambili lokusebenzisa amakhowe kwimfuno yoluntu. Ingcaciso engakumbi umntu ayifumana malunga nama-mushroom kunye nendima yabo kwindalo engokwemvelo kwiplanethi, mhlawumbi le nto izakusetyenziswa kakuhle. Kwiziko elinjalo lophando njenge-Institute of Mycology, umsebenzi uhlose ukufunda i-fathogenic microscopic fungi ebangela izifo kubantu. Enye yezona zikhulu ziziko leMicrosoft Mycology elibizwa ngokuba nguP. N. Kashkin eSt. Petersburg (eRashiya).

Yintoni i-mycology? Le yilebe ye-biology enikezelwe ekufundeni iifungi kunye nefungi. Ama-mushroom aqokelelwe kwaye asetyenziswe ngabantu ukususela kwixesha langaphambi kwexesha lokuqala kwaye ahlala edlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini bomntu, kodwa iindidi zeepropati kunye nezicelo azifundiswanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziphandwa kude kutshanje. Ukufumana amandla amakhulu, ziyimithombo emihle kakhulu yamavithamini, izondlo kunye neemaminerali. Zingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga nokukhusela izifo, zikhutshwe kwihlabathi lezinyithi kunye nefuthe, zithatha ioli kwiindawo zokuchitha, kwaye zihlambulule iimfucuza kwiindawo zoshishino.