Yintoni benqanda? Siyanadzi kunye nefuthe lazo umzimba womntu

Ngowe-1945 yanyatheliswa inoveli "benqanda Sparkling" yi Agatha Christie. Nomcuphi yaba mnandi umdla. Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ayisekho i benqanda enjalo. Ngoko ke yintoni na le nto kwaye echaphazela ngayo umzimba womntu?

Yintoni benqanda?

Benqanda - iklasi izinto eziphakamileyo-komsebenzi, nto leyo ibe nefuthe elibi emzimbeni womntu. Ngamanye amazwi, oku ubuthi. ubuthi lwabo ngokulula wacaciswa nefuthe elibi ezinye izakhi zabo nokuphefumla zeselula. Kwelinye icala, ephazamisa yonke eziphilayo. Iiseli uyeke nje ukusebenza. Emva koku zomzimba ebalulekileyo ayeke umsebenzi, kwaye kukho imeko lwezidumbu kakhulu, nto leyo edla kuphelela ekufeni.

Ngoko ke yintoni na benqanda? Kuqala kwinto zonke, ezo yezabelo of hydrocyanic acid. Ifomula potassium benqanda ilula: KCN. Kuba okokuqala le nkcazelo iye sifunyenwe yasekhemesti waseJamani uRobert Vilgelmom Bunzenom. Ukongeza, i-nzulu liphuhlise iinkqubo ngakumbi woshishino yokuqaphela yayo. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1845.

Ezinye iimpawu ndaba

Ipotaziyam benqanda i ngumgubo emhlophe kunye nesakhiwo crystalline. Le into enyibilikayo kakuhle emanzini. Yityhefu abe livumba abayinqobo kuye, kodwa kusuke kuvakale abamalunga nama-50% yabemi iplanethi yethu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba benqanda potassium na into ezingazinzanga. Oku oxidized kwi izisombululo equlethe iswekile, yaye inqanaba olwaneleyo ukufuma.

Kwakhona akuqhelekanga, kunye sodium benqanda. Ifomula osisiqu: NaCN. Sodium benqanda yi udongwe emhlophe, umgubo, unama okanye crystals hygroscopic. Le into nalo ezingazinzanga. It iyachithakala ngokukhawuleza emanzini kunye menthol. Ngokwawo, sodium benqanda ayikho ezinokutsha. Noko ke, xa wadibana arhente umoya ofumileyo yenza igesi, nto leyo ezinokutsha. Xa omlilo sodium benqanda yabela umphunga oyityhefu kukucaphukisa. Zinokubangela ityhefu kakhulu. Kwakhona volatiles Iifomu siyanadzi kunye haydrolisis.

Benqanda kwizityalo

Yintoni benqanda yakuqonda. Kodwa iveliswa njani na oko? Benqanda iveliswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa zokwenziwa. Ezi zinto zifumaneka kwindalo. Oku kwandisa amathuba okuba ityiwe ngabomi okanye ngempazamo. Yityhefu zingafumaneka kwimveliso ethile ukutya kunye nezityalo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu, kufuneka wazi yonke imithombo benqanda.

Uluhlu zokutya eziyingozi ziquka lima iimbotyi, iiamangile kunye icassava. Ukongeza, benqanda iqulethwe amathambo pere, iplam, liza-, cherry, oningga nkqu apile. Ityhefu kwakhona kwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko xa umzimba lifumana imali ngokugqithiseleyo iimveliso ezinobungozi. Olusemngciphekweni abo bantu abazibandakanyileyo isici.

Ukusetyenziswa benqanda

izisombululo benqanda zisetyenziswa mveliso ezininzi. Ezi zinto ziqhele yokwenza iphepha, iplastiki kunye namalaphu kwezinye iintlobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yityhefu ekhoyo emininzi wezenzi asetyenziswa ukubonisa iifoto. Yokunyibilikisa isinyithi siya sisa basebenzisa iziyobisi nokucoca electroplating kunye nentsimbi, kwakunye ukuba bodwa ekrwada zegolide.

Ukongeza, benqanda olusetyenziswa yigesi zidityaniswe kunye nezinye izinto ngenjongo iintsholongwane yokugcina ingqolowa. imixube zivumela ukutshabalalisa namabuzi.

Effects on emzimbeni

Emva wadibana benqanda kwi esiphilayo ivaliwe enzyme - oxidase cytochrome. Ngenxa yoko, eli laphu ulahlekelwa yimali efunekayo ye-oksijini. Oku kukhokelela kuphuhliso zizalwa.

Okokuqala, izicwili hypoxia ichaphazele ingqondo. Ngenxa yoko yokuphuhlisa central system ekukhubazekeni luvo. Konke oku kukhokelela ngokukhawuleza ekufeni. Ke iimpawu yityhefu, zivela phantse ngephanyazo.

Ubungqongqo isigulane ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala kwindlela apho ityhefu waba emzimbeni. Emva inhalation of umphunga kunye neegesi ityhefu kwenzeka ngoko nangoko. benqanda ezinqabe kakhulu ingena ngesikhumba kunye phecana zesisu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iimpawu Ityhefu abonakale ngokuthe ngcembe.

Xa ebonisa iimpawu yityhefu

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, iimpawu ityiwe kunye nobungakanani iimpawu zabo baxhomekeke indlela ityhefu waba emzimbeni kwaye yintoni nobungakanani. Kuba umthamo kwabantu olubulala benqanda ngu 0.1 mg kuphela / l. Ukufa kwenzeka phakathi kweyure. Ukuba umzimba wasukuma 0.12-0.15 mg / L, lo mntu usweleka kwisithuba sisiqingatha seyure.

Ukuba lwee- izinto eziyityhefu luyanda ukuya 0.2 mg, ukufa kwenzeka phakathi kwemizuzu eli-10. Kubangel 'umdla ukwazi ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukumelana benqanda eziyityhefu phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Oku kungenzeka ukuba uyazikhomba iziyobisi zinetyhefu ayidluli 0,55 mg / l hayi ityhefu kuchaphazela umzuzu ngaphezu kwesinye.

Ukuba benqanda wangena umzimba kunye negesi, iimpawu kuvandlakanywa emva kokuba isibini lemizuzwana. Ukuba into zinetyhefu kuya esiswini, umfanekiso lonyango emva kwemizuzu embalwa.

Eyona eziphambili Iimpawu ityiwe

Benqanda - iyityhefu ethatha ukusebenza kwamsinya, yakhwela emzimbeni womntu. Xa ngeedosi eziphezulu yomenzeli kwemichiza iimpawu ityhefu kubonakala kwangoko. Nazi iimpawu eziphambili:

1. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ixhoba ulahlekelwa sezingqondweni.
2. Ngephanyazo kuza zizihlunu isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Ukongeza, imisipha intliziyo iyabhlokwa.
3. Ukufa.

Kunye iidosi ezincinane mpawu zivela ngcembe:

1. Kuba isanda benqanda ityhefu luphawulwa nesiyezi, intloko etsolo kwaye likhula ngokukhawuleza, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza nokuphefumla, imvakalelo ubunzima uqabe isithinzi ngokungqalileyo, amwela wegazi entloko.
2. Inyathelo lesibini - bamba umphefumlo. Ngaloo ukuphefumla uba enengxolo, enzulu kunqabile. Pulse kuyehla phantsi ixhoba, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, abafundi zithambe.
3. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, umntu ulahlekelwa sezingqondweni. Kudla aqaqambayo tetanic kunokubangela spasm kwemisipha masticatory, nto leyo kunokuphumela ulwimi ezilumayo.
4. Inqanaba elilandelayo - ukukhubazeka. Ixhoba ulahlekelwa kuphela ikhaliphe, kodwa uvakalelo. Ukuphefumla kunqabile kakhulu. Ukongeza, mhlawumbi defecation ngokuzenzekelayo kunye ukuchama. Ukuba ngaba awunayo i-ixhoba zoncedo lokuqala, umsebenzi intliziyo ime nokufa ingxoxo.

Ekupheleni

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na benqanda, kwaye echaphazela ngayo umzimba womntu. Awu, oku akusoloko iziyobisi eyasetyenziselwa iinjongo uxolo. Hydrogen benqanda ngexesha Second World War, yaba lilungu le gas ityhefu njenge "Zyklon B". Ezi zixhobo aye asetyenziswa kakhulu yimikhosi yaseJamani. Kukho kwakhona imbono irhasi ityhefu yayisetyenziswa ngo-1980 ngexesha imfazwe phakathi Iran Iraq.