Umoya Uranus: kuqamba. Yintoni na ke umoya Uranus?

Izithombe ezithathwe kwi "Voyager 2" yesathelayithi isekhona kwi 90 ezikude, thina wabonisa iziphumo emangalisayo. umoya twisiseka zana of Uranus - loo nto yenza lo mhlaba, kunye Ngaphandle ezincinane core rock-metal. Inyaniso yokuba ookhokho bethu abo bamanywe kokufunyanwa iiplanethi olungaphandle langa, babeqinisekile ukuba bonke, ezifana Umhlaba, abe umphezulu, isiciko umoya nesiseko zikhabane. Kwathi kanti, Edreyi, igesi ke kususwa kuye, ekubeni abameli yemodeli maleko-ezimbini iiplanethi.

Imbali ngexesha lokufunyanwa kunye data jikelele malunga neplanethi

Ngokwemiqathango Umgama ukusuka Sun, IUranus yiplanethi yesixhenxe. Kuye kwavulwa yi Uilyam Gershel ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha, ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa iteleskopu okubonwayo ngeenkwenkwezi. Ngaphambi koku ixesha elide, izazinzulu babekholelwa ukuba IUranus kude kuphela ikhwezi eliqaqambileyo kakhulu. IHerschel ngokwakhe, ngokuthatha amanqaku ngale lomzimba yasezulwini, ekuqaleni kuthelekiswa igolide enomsila, kamva kwisigqibo sokuba oku ukuze abe omnye iplanethi SS. Kakade ke, emva kokuqinisekisa yonke imigqaliselo ukufunyanwa yaba a ukuzwa. Noko ke, ngelo xesha akukho mntu waziyo ukuba yintoni ngokwenene umoya IUranus noko zokwakha. Ngoku siyazi ukuba orbit - enye inkulu kwisixokelelwano. Sun ajike uMhlaba iminyaka engama-84. Kweli xesha revolution layo ngeenxa axis yalo kancinane iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-17. Ngenxa yale umoya Uranus, esele iquka igesi enzima, iba emangalisayo exineneyo usebenzisa uxinzelelo olukhulu kwi engundoqo.

Imbali emoyeni yemfundo

Kukholelwa ukuba senkangeleko emzimbeni iimpawu Uranus liba kernel wayo, kwakunye inkqubo nokubunjwa kwayo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne parameters planethi (25 559 km - radius sentshinyela), undoqo yesikhumbuzo. Ngenxa yoko, ayikho njengomthombo wamandla okanye mhlaba otsalayo, njengoko kunjalo nguZeyus, kwaye ngamandla ngokwaneleyo kumo zonke iigesi ngokwenza phezulu emoyeni Uranus. nokubunjwa kwayo, yena, ayinakuze ithelekiswe kunye nokwakheka kaZeyus okanye likaSaturn, kodwa zonke ezi neeplaneti ziyinxalenye omnye. Isibakala sokuba Uranus singqongwe iigesi ngumkhenkce, umkhenkce enyangweni zokuguqulwa zayo, amafu methane kunye nezinye izinto ezisindayo. Ezo igesi ukukhanya ezifana hydrogen kunye helium, zikhona kwi-atmosfere kuphela hi mpimo lowutsongo. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini kule nto imangalisayo. Ngokuhambelana enesisombululo lokuqala kunye imikhosi omxhuzulane le ngumongo ngexesha yokutshata akorobhe ayemancinane kakhulu ukutsala iigesi ukukhanya. Eyesibini, yeyokuba kwindawo apho kwasekwa Uranus, kwakukho amacandelo kuphela enzima acid, yaba kokusekwa kwehlabathi.

Ubukho ojikeleze umhlaba, ukwakhiwa kwayo

Uranium ukufundelwa ngo iinkcukacha kuphela emva kokuhamba "Voyager 2", awayenzayo imifanekiso nokusombulula aphezulu. Bavumela izazinzulu ukumisela ubume ngqo yomhlaba kunye nomoya walo. Oko kukuthi, umoya iqokobhe IUranus uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu:

• I-ntathu eziFihliweyo ke zinzulu. Uxinzelelo apha kuluhlu ukusuka 100 ukuya bar 0.1, yaye ukuphakama kwale maleko lingaphantsi kwe-500 km ukusuka yokwaleka kwinqanaba eqhelekileyo.
• Stratosphere - umoya layer eliphakathi. It ithatha ukuphakama 50 ukuya 4000 km.
• Exosphere. Uranus emoyeni bangaphandle, apho uxinzelelo iya zero, yaye lobushushu lomoya obukhulu esezantsi.

Kuzo zonke ezi Ingaphandle kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo iigesi zilandelayo: helium, hydrogen, methane, ammonia. Kwakhona, kukho amanzi ngohlobo zokuguqulwa ezahlukeneyo komkhenkce umphunga. Noko ke, imeko ka Uranus, ubume apho enokuthelekiseka kunye nomoya iqokobhe kaZeyus iyahluka silwa engakholelekiyo. Ukuba irhasi inkulu khona umoya omkhulu lashushu kuma, ngoko ke igwebu ku-50 degrees Kelvin, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka abe omkhulu.

eziFihliweyo

Umaleko Owona emoyeni ngoku isondlo kuphela eyenzelwe ukuba ukufikelela kuye earthlings isixhobo na kodwa ukuba. Stone engundoqo iplanethi ingqongwe amafu iqanjwa ice kwakheka. Zinzima kwaye ukufaka uxinzelelo olukhulukazi embindini planethi. Oku kulandelwa ilifu ammonium hydrosulfide, ngoko - ukuyilwa komoya hydrogen sulphide kunye ammonia. Inxalenye ekupheleni eziFihliweyo athathe amafu methane ukuba Tint emhlabeni ngo umbala omnye oluhlaza. Ubushushu emoyeni eziFihliweyo uthathwa liphezulu ehlabathini. It zokhahlamba ukususela 200 K. Ngenxa yoko, abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba yokwaleka ezinkulu iifom ice layer-langa. Kodwa ke kuphela hypothesis.

stratosphere

Ukufumaneka Uranus Atmospheric zinika iikhompawundi iigesi enzima, ukukhanya, kunye kuyondelelaniswe umhlaba ibala ithinti lwabo zana. Zonke ezi nkqubo ithathe indawo kwi sithuba somoya engundoqo, apho kukho molecule ammonia kunye methane helium kunye hydrogen. Ice ziikristale koko uthabathe ukulungiswa kakhulu eyahlukileyo kwi-ntathu eziFihliweyo, bona ngenxa ammonia, ufunxe nayiphi ukukhanya ezayo evela emajukujukwini. isantya somoya kwi stratosphere ukuya kwi-100 m / s, khon 'ukuze onke amafu ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha indawo yabo esithubeni. Xa stratosphere kwenzeka ngeengqimba ezi iinkungu ngokufuthi ukusekwa. Ke imvula ezifana njengekhephu okanye imvula, akukho waphawula.

exosphere

Ekuqaleni, malunga yintoni umoya Uranus, oko ugwetywa iqokobhe sayo. Le strip obhityileyo wamanzi crystallization, nto leyo zigutyungelwe mimoya kunye nemisinga ligorha embindini obushushu asezantsi kwisixokelelwano elanga. Siqulathe igesi ukukhanya (hydrogen ezinto eziphilayo kunye helium), methane, leyo isixa esikhulu kwiingcamba luthe bengekho. isantya somoya kwi exosphere ifikelela 200 m / s, ubushushu iwela 49 C. Kungenxa yoko le nto langa Uranus, apho umoya njengoko ice waba kubanda kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu, naxa kuthelekiswa nabamelwane yayo ezikude - Neptune.

sibubona Riddle Uranus

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba eluhlaza Uranus esijikelezayo phezu axis yayo, ulele ngecala. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba lo mzuzu ka SS neplanethi bejamelene Ibhanti okanye elinye iqumrhu space, nto leyo eye yatshintsha indawo yayo, ngaloo ndlela ukutyhefa lo mhlaba otsalayo. Kude axis ukuthi ichaza ngasentla nangasezantsi le planethi kuthelekiswa-ikhweyitha, esqwini magnetic ishenxiselwe yi degrees 59. Oku kudala, kwindawo yokuqala, ukusasazwa obungalinganiyo womxhuzulane, okwesibini - amaphaphu lungalinganiyo zifaka nezi ndawo Southern. Noko ke, mhlawumbi, kuba le ndawo lubizwa Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umoya Uranus kunye nokusungulwa kwayo ezizodwa. Ehlabathini isiqalo zibanjwa iigesi kuphela onzima maleko embindini - amanzi acacisa. Mhlawumbi ukuba lobushushu eliphezulu apha, Uranus wayeza kuba ulwandlekazi yabhalwa amanzi eziqhelekileyo, owona mthombo wobomi.

Uranus ngokubamba yonke into kwaye wonke

Njengokuba besesitshilo ngasentla, emoyeni Uranian izaliswe eninzi methane. Le igesi unzima ngokwaneleyo, kuba unako ukufunxa reyi infrared. Oko kukuthi, zonke ukukhanya oluvela eLangeni, ezinye iinkwenkwezi kunye izijikelezi, wayebhekisela umoya Uranus, iba nombala oluhlaza. Kutshanje, izazinzulu ziye waphawula ukuba umhlaba nayo edla iigesi zasemzini zifumaneka indawo evulekileyo, kunye isigqebelo yayo ukuba sibubona buthathaka. Njengenxalenye zomaleko phakathi emoyeni kunye icarbon dioxide zabonwa carbon iigesi monoxide. Kukholelwa ukuba ababetsaleleke umhlaba enomsila elidlulayo.

Ice umbuso kwinkqubo yethu

ezimbini iiplanethi angaphandle SS - oko Uranus noNeptune. Zombini shades uphawu oluhlaza, bobabini wabumba neegesi. Le umoya Uranus noNeptune - oko phantse efanayo, ngaphandle aspect. Amandla womxhuzulane ubunzima eziba zombini iiplanethi kuba phantse efanayo. I esezantsi iimaleko emoyeni kwabanye njengoko Uranus kwakheka amanzi acacisa, ugalelwe imethane emanzini. Apha, kufuphi undoqo, ice iingxilimbela ebushushwini ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-200 Kelvin, ngaloo ndlela ukwakha yayo zibuthe. Emoyeni Uranus noNeptune unenani hydrogen molekyuli efanayo kumafa yayo - 80 ekhulwini. I engaphandle air layer kwabanye linophawu imimoya, kodwa lobushushu apho kancinci aphezulu - 60 K.

isiphelo

Ubukho emoyeni Uranus ', umgaqo, iqinisekisa ubukho bakho kweli hlabathi. iqokobhe usemoyeni icandelo ephambili uranium. Oku ukufudumala ngamandla phezulu kufuphi ngumongo, kodwa ke ubuninzi okupholisa phantsi kweemaleko kakhulu. Ngoxa planethi asiphili ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini kunye amanzi ngohlobo elulwelo. Kodwa kulindeleke ukuba abaphandi, ukuba iqondo lobushushu ongundoqo iqala ukuphakama, ziikristale umkhenkce etshintsha abe andle, leyo aba iintlobo ezintsha zobomi.