Kharyaga. Oil intsimi kwi Nenets ஜோடி isilungelelanisi

Oil Kharyaginskoye idipozithi ibekwe kwi Nenets Ukuzilawula weSithili kunye kufutshane kwilali igama elifanayo kwi ngasezantsi komlanjana Khariyaga Bolshezemelskaya emathafeni. Le ndawo yi-60 km ukusuka kwi Arctic Circle libhekisela Timan-Pechora kwiphondo resource. ukuhlola yokwakheka e Kharyaga yaqala ngo-1977. Oil oovimba endle liqikelelwa kwi-160 million tons. ILizwi Khariyaga - Nenets. Eli gama ndawo eliguqulelwa ngokuthi 'uhambahamba umfula ".

iimpawu zasendle

, Ukongeza Kharyaginskoye ziphuhliswa ngaphezulu kwaye East Kharyaginskoye, North Kharyaginskoye, kwakunye Middle-Kharyaga. Baye esafunyanwa eSoviet Union. Umzekelo, uphuhliso lwamaziko-avareji Kharyaga esetyenziselwa engama-30 ziingcali.

umgxobhozo kakhulu kwaye uthungelwano zamahlathi emilambo yeoli wawufuna nezisombululo zeteknoloji engaqhelekanga ekuzalweni okutsha imimandla imigodi. Kharyaga - multi-ebhedini, liphethe 27 iidipozithi. Well ukubhola kunye nokuthuthwa oovimba nzima yokuba ioli lasekuhlaleni uqulathe xi aphezulu amafutha, ngenxa apho Ukuguqulwa kolwelo kubushushu of + kuphela 29 ° C. Ngaphezu koko, zokuma Soviet zafumana emanzini amasimi gas enxulumene ezisongela ubomi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abasebenzi inkampani ngokuqinileyo amanyathelo okhuseleko, abaninzi kwimilinganiselo yomgangatho kushishino oyile.

iimeko zemozulu zemvelo

Ifunyanwa intlomo yasentla Nenetskii izimele ke ubushushu yonyaka-avareji malunga ne - 5 ° C. Permafrost kule ngingqi ukufikelela kubunzulu leemitha 350. Ngenxa alungele ukuqala lophuhliso mveliso ngaphezu kwesiqhelo le Kharyaga - kweminyaka elithoba. Mining kwaqala ngo-1986. Kuye ezifaneleileyo kwaye lusekelwe phezu lobuchwepheshe scheme yophuhliso Devonian.

Local amachibi yayimfutshane ngesithomo. Baba khona imvelaphi nemisinga nemilambo. Ubunzulu amachibi yi-10 - 15 leemitha. Ibekwe tundra entsimini Kharyaginskoye iyahluka emvula cool mfutshane ehlotyeni. Yakhe yokulwa, ubusika okufana le ziingcathu zwekazi kwemozulu umda Nenets ஜோடி isilungelelanisi kunye Komi kwiRiphabliki.

Amafutha kunye namafutha

Iveliswe namafutha Kharyaga onokuxinana malunga 0.7 g / cm ^3. Oku geni kwiziza zokusebenza eziliqela. Iimpawu ioli phezu kwabo zinokwahluka. Umzekelo, isiqulatho kwerhasi kummandla kwimveliso VI ungaphantsi kakhulu ngaphezu koko kwindawo esebenzayo site I. Ngokutsho lexinene nobunzima izinyo le Kharyaga yeoli ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Kumphakamo wangoku kwimveliso - 1.5 million yeetoni ngonyaka ngamnye.

Oil Kharyaginskoye endle, icandelo zejoloji kuzo ngumzekelo aqhelekileyo zommandla waso uqulunqwa ngezigaba. "Black igolide" athunyelwa ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuthuthwa imibhobho buti karhulumente. ubude Route - 2600 km. Sokugcina ndlela - kwizibuko lweBaltic ze Primorsk kufuphi St Petersburg.

uphuhliso lwezibonelelo

Isigaba sokuqala imveliso endle ebizwa ngokuba "kwisigaba advanced imveliso". Oil Impontshelwa ngaphandle engundoqo njengenxalenye "Kharyaga", apho sokuqala ezintathu amaqula lweminwe nezixhotyiswe. Isigaba sesibini kwaqala ngo-2000. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukwanda kwemveliso oyile kunye iinaliti amanzi ekuqaleni. Izalathisi ukunciphisa umthamo mbhobho engundoqo kunye inani elingonelanga zamaqula. Bafika inani ka-20 amawaka emilambo yeoli ngosuku.

Ngowe-2007, ekuqaleni olandelayo, kwisigaba sesithathu zophuhliso. Injongo yayo ukuphuhlisa oovimba ezongezelelweyo kunye nokwandisa isikali imveliso 30 lamawaka imiphanda ngosuku. It wadalwa ngokufaka ulungiselelo kunye nokukhethwa gesi, ekhokelela ukupheliswa ukutshiswa kwezinto kwemfuneko ekrwada. Yaqala ukugrumba amaqula ezintsha (total 21). 12 kuwo - imigodi, no-9 zenzelwe ukuba ngenaliti. Kuqaliswe ukwakhiwa kwamatyholo ezongezelelweyo (East kunye North).

abanikazi

Intsimi iqulunqwa phantsi PSA - Agreement Ukwabelana Imveliso, ukuseka joint venture apho iinkampani ezininzi. Uxwebhu esayinwe eMoscow ngoDisemba 20, 1995. Ngoko ke amaqela kwisivumelwano esenziwe yinkampani French "Total Exploration and Development of Russia" kunye Russian Federation, ogama umdla zimelwe yi-Federal Government kunye noLawulo lwe Nenets Ukuzilawula District.

Xa nenani-1990. PSA yaba uhlobo entsha angaqhelekanga esemthethweni kuqoqosho lwasekhaya. Isivumelwano icacisa ukuba urhulumente uza kuzihlawula iindleko zabatyali-mali bangaphandle kwindalo kunye nophuhliso yentsimi kwezibonelelo. Kwangaxeshanye, abasemagunyeni ahlawulwa, abawabelwayo uhlobo lobukumkani - irhafu malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo.

Isivumelwano kunye semthethweni engama-20 Waqala ukusebenza ngo-1999. Ukususela ngoko wangena entsha basekhaya angaphandle abatyali-zimali Kharyaginskoye PSA. Baba "Norsk-Isikhululo" (Norway), kungekudala lutshintsho gama "Statoil", kwakunye NOC - "Nenets Oil Company." "Zarubezhneft" akumanyileyo ngo-2010 kule projekthi. Wathenga i "Statoil" yaye "Total" i-10% ezabelo.

Umsebenzisi entsha

In Kharyaga kugcwele ezininzi ezisemthethweni. utshintsho olusandukubakho kwii-asethi iinguqu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-2016. Le nkampani French "Total" wathengisa-20% yesabelo of "Zarubezhneft". Umthengi liye laba umsebenzisi iphambili yasendle. Le deal yaba malunga $ 100 million.

Umqalisi intengiso yaba "Total", nto leyo wangena iprojekthi ngo-1995. Intengiselwano senzeka imvelaphi inkanuko Ministry of the Russian Federation ukwandisa inzuzo yesibambiso of energy ngokusebenzisa inxaxheba nangakumbi "Zarubezhneft" kulawulo yayo. The French Inkampani isigqibo sokutshintsha into zotyalo-mali ngenxa yokuba Yamal ukuba kubonakala ngathi phi ezithembisayo mmandla ngaphezu Kharyaga. "Total" wenze intengiselwano, njengoko umthengi yesabelo wayo, "Zarubezhneft", bazi kakuhle ukuba akhe indlela timboni owakha Nenets Ukuzilawula District.

ezisanda

Ngokukodwa ukwenzela ukuba umqhubi, yaseRussia inkampani umisele ancedisayo. Baba Inkampani "Zarubezhneft Khariyaga-imveliso." Inkampani ebhalisiweyo September 28, 2015. Phambi kokubhiyozela ngesakhiwo Okwenziwayo esasebenzayo nomsebenzisi French "Total" wahlolwa ngononophelo le nkampani kokubonisana Boston Consulting Group. Kwedatha enikiweyo kuyo, "Zarubezhneft", eyabangela ukuba inkampani ukwandisa abasebenzi bayo. Emsebenzini, abasebenzi abaninzi "Total" wafudukela ngumqhubi entsha.

Umgama Usinsk - Kharyaginskoye endle 164 leekhilomitha. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kwishishini le-oyile, njengoko indlela eya kwiziko yengingqi Komi Republic - le ndlela elula ukuya isiwe kwimpucuko. Ukuba umqhubi, "Zarubezhneft" wathabatha phezu inkampani noun ukuba kumncede ukugcina imali obonakalayo (million 250 engange) kwaye uthumele ukuba ukuthobela kunye neemfanelo zoluntu kubasebenzi bayo. Ngokubanzi, inkampani ephethwe nje ukuba amkele ngempumelelo inkqubo yokuvelisa iimeko French, kodwa ukuphucula izalathi umgangatho "Total".

amathuba

Ngehlobo lowe-2016 umqhubi omtsha yamkela inkqubo yokwakhiwa eyinkunzi, kubalwa kuba ixesha ukususela 2017 ukuya kowama-2019. Ngokutsho kuye: "Zarubezhneft" Kuza ukwakha amaqula ezintsha wazibeka ukusebenza zonke izinto NZS phahla. Le nkampani bagqiba ekubeni bayeke ngabavelisi idiesel lixesha olwanikezela idipozithi umbane (ukuba indawo uthungelwano amandla namhlanje). Ngaphezu koko, oko kuya kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko kumsebenzisi uzenzele imveliso ngempumelelo.

Ukwakhiwa nezakhiwo ucinezelo irhasi ziya granulated isalfure ukuba bazihlaziye izinto ezininzi ze gesi. Ngowe-2018 entsha abasebenzi shift zokuhlala uza kulungiswa nezakhiwo ezintathu zokuhlala, uhambo ezihambelanayo kufudumele. Intuthuzelo indawo ioli iya kuhlangana yonke imigangatho mihla.