Guns umatshini enzima Russian noxolo. Ukuthelekiswa zemipu enzima

Nkqu leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kwi edabini wabonakala isixhobo ngokwesiseko ezintsha owoyikekayo - imipu umatshini enzima. Kuloo minyaka kwakungekho isikrweqe, leyo kuba nako ukukhusela kubo, kunye nendawo yokuhlala, ezisetyenziswa ngokwesithethe yi elihamba (zomhlaba kunye neenkuni) jikelele iimbumbulu enzima ukungena azigwebele. Nanamhlanje, imipu umatshini emikhulu sixhobo sigqibeleleyo lokutshatyalaliswa kwezithuthi yokulwa utshaba elihamba, abathwali abasebenzi vehicles kunye ntaka. Enyanisweni, omnye kungaba knock nkqu moya, kodwa mihla ukulwa moya kubo fast kakhulu.

Noko ke, ububi eziphambili zonke izixhobo ezinjalo ubunzima baso kunye nomlinganiselo. Ezinye imifuziselo (embhedeni) Kusenokwenzeka abanobunzima obungaphezulu kweekhilogram ezimbini. Ekubeni ukubala wakhe kakhulu kusoloko ngabantu ababini okanye abathathu, malunga ethile eqondisa fast ukuthetha ngokubanzi mfuneko. Noko ke, imipu umatshini enzima ayesenako kuba izixhobo mobile ngokwaneleyo. Lo wokuqala waqinisekisa kodwa ngobo efanayo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, xa baqalisa ukubeka phezu ezimotweni nkqu kwilori encinane.

DSHK

Ngowe-1930, i-umyili odumileyo Degtyarev waqalisa ukuba umpu umatshini entsha ngokupheleleyo. Iqala ibali edume DSK, leyo unanamhla limi kwinkonzo kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke. Gunsmith wagqiba ekubeni bayile yona ngenxa entsha ngexesha iCartridge B-30 kunye bodidi imbumbulu 12.7 mm. Shpagin notorious wadala ukuba umpu omtsha luphawu inkqubo eyahlukileyo kwamandla ibhanti. Ekuqaleni kuka-1939, yena eyamkelwa Red Army.

Shpagin Revised

Njengokuba besesitshilo, inguqulelo yokuqala sixhobo yasungulwa ngo-1930. emva kweminyaka emithathu uqale imveliso serial. Nangona iimpawu ezininzi ezintle, waba neengxaki ezimbini ezinkulu kakhulu; izinga zomlilo 360 kuphela imijikelo ngomzuzu, kwaye izinga practical waba asezantsi, njengokuba kuyilo lokuqala lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa iivenkile enzima okanye nzima. Kungenxa yoko le nto isigqibo ukupheliswa kwemveliso serial umpu machine wavunywa ngo-1935, ezo ke iyahambelana kakhulu kunye neengxaki zakhe.

Ukuze kulungiswe le meko, uphuhliso kwaziswa edume Shpagin, ngubani ngoko nangoko wacela ukusebenzisa igubu yesekethe umbane kunye band ukondliwa emthethweni. Ngokuqalisa inkqubo kwi ingalo ngeengalo ujingi, ukuguqulela amandla greenhouse powder kwi igubu, bapheleliseka inkqubo ekhoyo. Uncedo kukuba iinguqulelo ezinjalo akazange zibandakanya naziphi na iinguqulelo kakhulu yaye zibiza ukuba Soviet Republic oselula kakhulu.

Ophindwe amukela

Umpu Umatshini yaphinda yamkelwa ngo-1938. Yena ngokukodwa Bulelani ezilungileyo oomatshini multi-msebenzi, awanyakazela ngayo ANC iba isixhobo jikelele: oko ngokulula ingasetyenziswa ukucinezela imikhosi phantsi utshaba (kubandakanywa ukutshatyalaliswa iinqaba), ukutshatyalaliswa ntaka kunye moya ephantsi-eziphaphazelayo, ngokunjalo ukuba icele izithuthi ukukhanya vehicles. Wokutshabalalisa izinto umoya umatshini ibolile kunye kuphakanyiswe ngaxeshanye le bipod axhasayo.

Ngenxa yalo lwezakhono ephezulu yokulwa DSK banandipha kuthandwa obungasifanelanga phantse onke amasebe zomkhosi. Ekupheleni kwale umpu womatshini imfazwe ibikade ukuguqulwa okungephi. Kuye ngayo amanye amacandelo indlela amandla kunye shutter nebandla. Ukongeza, indlela modified owandayo wompu.

ukuguqulwa yokugqibela umpu, bafakwa inkonzo ngo-1946 (DShKM), isebenzisa umgaqo eyahlukileyo ephezulwana matshini. iigesi powder buyisela Umphanda kumngxuma. Boko of a non-replaceable, enikelweyo ukuba amaphiko okupholisa (ezifana radiator). Ukuze yokungenelela i bahlehla kusetyenziswa strong iziqhoboshi kuwugcina ngokuwubopha lwezoyilo ezahlukeneyo.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi umpu iinguqulelo ezimbini - isixhobo le feeder. Ngenxa yoko, e DShKM wasebenzisa kwinkqubo uhlobo isilayidi, ngelixa engaphambili - igubu. Noko ke, umatshini inkqubo Kolesnikov kuhlala ingatshintshanga ngokupheleleyo ukususela 1938, njengoko okushaya koko akukho akukwazeki ukuba ukutshintsha. Machine gun kule isakhelo ubunzima eekhilogram 160. Kakade ke, loo nto ayilunganga kakhulu ukuba kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Noko ke, esona sixhobo ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa anti-moya kusetyenziswa ukulawula izithuthi ukukhanya vehicles lotshaba, okwenza kuyimfuneko ukusetyenziswa umatshini enzima.

Ukusetyenziswa mihla le ANC

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic eSoviet Union izityalo oko kwenziwa malunga namawaka alithoba ngemipu kule modeli. Noko ke, emva kwemfazwe, i-ANC waba ethandwa kakhulu ehlabathini lonke. Ngoko ke, zokuwaguqula, DShKM, usaqhubeka ukuba kuveliswa Pakistan kunye neTshayina. Kukho kwakhona iinkcukacha isitokhwe ye ngemipu phezu zokugcina reserve yomkhosi Russian. ethandwayo kakhulu na isixhobo Russia kwiimpikiswano eAfrika.

Veterans ukhumbule ukuba zonke ezi zixhobo ngokoqobo ugawula imithi ezingcakacileyo, lihlaba ekunene ngokusebenzisa komboko enesiqu enesidima kakhulu. Ngoko nxamnye elihamba kakubi axhobileyo (noko ifumaneka abekwezo ndawo), le "ndoda endala" usebenza ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ke inzuzo enkulu umpu kumatshini, leyo kolu suku kufaneleke ngokukodwa kwimeko imikhosi abaqeqeshiweyo kakubi - ukuthembeka amangalisayo nokusebenziseka zisebenza.

liphawule

Noko ke, ezinye iingcali yomkhosi i-ANC kunye DShKM bayathandabuza. Isibakala sokuba esi sixhobo siqulunqwe zenene Second World War. Ke ilizwe lethu umgubo phantse eqhelekileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iingcali zakhetha zokwandisa emkhonweni. Ngenxa yoko, nenqaba amandla aphezulu kakhulu enzima hayi. Ngoko ke, umxhasi wethu - 12.7h108 mm. NATO isebenzisa iimbumbulu efanayo ngu Browning ... 12,7h99 mm! Kwaye oku phantsi kwelungiselelo elithi zombini neekhatriji unamalunga amandla efanayo.

Noko ke, kukho lo simo icala positive. Basekhaya ukuvuleka nezikhali zombini 12.7 no-14.5 mm - a ziyindlela yokwenene gunsmiths mihla. Kukho zonke zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze ukudalwa neekhatriji enamandla ngaphezu eya kugcina iimpawu zazo ubunzima-ntathu.

NSV "inesandla"

Buyela kwi 70s nomkhosi ekuqaleni ngobuninzi ukuya kumatshini gun yoyilo Nikitina, potter kunye Sokolov - "The Rock." Izixhobo, wamkela igama elifinyeziweyo le HCB, wasiwa inkonzo ngo-1972, kodwa namhla kuhlala ephambili enzima umatshini umpu yomkhosi Russian.

Enye iimpawu zayo lokwahlula le ubunzima iphantsi kakhulu. Oko: Umlinganiseli umatshini enzima umpu NSV eekhilogremu 41 kuphela umatshini! Oku kuvumela ukubalwa wabaphilileyo ngokwenene ukutshintsha isimo yabo edabini. Xa sithelekisa umpu entsha DShKM efanayo, uthathwa obulula kuyilo yayo, oluthe ngqo enengqondo. Nelangatye arrester ngokumila etsobhileyo yomqeshi, apho ilungelo nga "baqaphele" "Rock". Le izixhobo yaziwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo kakhulu.

"Antisnayper"

NSV eyaduma ukuba kumgama oziikhilomitha omnye (!) Radius of iimbumbulu twa ayidluli kweemitha enye enesiqingatha, nto leyo olu hlobo isixhobo phantse ingxelo epheleleyo. Xa umpu machine isiqhulo ngentlonelo "Antisnayper" amaphulo ezimbini Chechen. Ngeendlela ezininzi, oku kubangelwe ingakumbi isicelo yalo imbuyekezo alomelelanga, umvumela ukuba phantse zonke iinguqulelo mihla emehlweni enamandla olu hlobo izixhobo.

Kukho kwakhona eyongeziweyo lobeko itanki, nto leyo NSVT segama. Oku zixhonywe kwiitanki, ukususela T-64. Leader isikrweqe ekhaya, T-90, naye une abaxhobileyo yayo. Kuthiwa NSVT on aba matshini isetyenziswa njengento isixhobo anti-moya, kodwa abasebenza ngayo, isetyenziswa ixesha ukucinezela ekujoliswe emhlabeni. Zisa phantsi zilwe ihelikopta mihla (singasathethi-moya) le-anti-moya umatshini umpu isondlo kunokwenzeka, kodwa ngenxa yale njongo ingcono kakhulu ifanele enomjukujelwa isixhobo Russian.

KORD

Intambo imela "Kovrov gunsmiths-Degtyarevtsy". Sebenzela indalo yayo Kovrov waqalisa kwangoko emva kokuwa USSR. Isizathu ilula: imveliso "NguLiwa" ngelo xesha phezu kummandla Kazakhstan, engaquki ukuhlangabezana iimfuno zobuchule be-lizwe.

umyili Chief yeprojekthi ezintsha Namidulin, Obidin, Bogdanov kunye Zhirehin. Isiseko sithathiwe NSV zakudala, kodwa ayiphelelanga gunsmiths banal maxesha yayo. Okokuqala, umpu umatshini ukukhanya ekugqibeleni ndafumana ifatyi utshintsho ngokukhawuleza. Luqulunqwe yi Korpela amaziko ophando phantse yonke, kodwa isiphumo iindleko: kokuba yenziwe yi iteknoloji okhethekileyo, nto leyo enika iyunifomu ubuninzi izinto okupholisa ngexesha ukudubula. Nje ngokuba omnye iimpawu ukuchaneka nokuchaneka (xa kuthelekiswa NSV) kunyuke phantse kabini! Ukongeza, intambo yaba umpu umatshini yokuqala, apho kukho nguqulo "igosa" ye NATO iCartridge.

Okokugqibela, kwesixhobo kuphela eklasini, nto leyo evumela umlilo kakuhle a bipod. ubunzima bayo ngu ngeekhilogram-32. Kunokuba uphaphe, kodwa ababini ungakwazi ukuba. Abalibona uluhlu kwi ekujoliswe emhlabeni imalunga ezimbini neekhilomitha. Yintoni enye na imipu umatshini enzima Russia?

CPC KPVT

Kwaye ngumqondo Kovrova kwakhona. Yeyona unamandla ilungu iklasi ka ezinkulu-bodidi imipu umatshini ehlabathini. Kwezikhali ngendlela ekhethekile ukulwa ngamandla abo, ihlanganisa amandla lwemipu anti-itanki nemipu machine. Ngapha koko, umatshini enzima umpu iCartridge CPC - "efanayo", lo 14,5h114 edume! Ekusondeleni kwexesha elidlulileyo, ngoncedo wayo uyakwazi wakhuphe phantse nasiphi ukulwa ntaka okanye izithuthi ukukhanya vehicles umdlali enokwenzeka.

uphuhliso sakhe gunsmith abanetalente, waba 1943, xa iphulo layo. Isiseko ukuba umyili wathabatha-moya umpu 20 kuyilo yakhe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngaphambi nje kokuba walahlekelwa Tests State ShVAK, kodwa isakhiwo yayo ilula kwaye zithembeke injongo ebekwe Vladimirov. Thina digress kancinane. Gunsmith ngokupheleleyo nako ukuphumeza injongo yakhe ebomini: imipu yakhe enzima umatshini (ifoto ukuba ukho kweli nqaku) namhlanje uyazi yonke crewman abalungiselelayo kwiitanki Soviet!

Xa eyila Vladimirov wasebenzisa Udweliso classical kunye bahlehla elifutshane, eyabonakala sibe yingangamsha nkqu "Mxim". umpu womatshini Oluzenzekelayo uvumela ulondolozo kuphela lomlilo oluzenzekelayo. Xa version nomkhosi ye CPC isetyenziswa ngohlobo ngoM, ngokungathi umpu ukukhanya. Lo matshini iye yaphuculwa izihlandlo eziliqela, kwaye ngexesha lemfazwe amajoni badla uzenzela zabo, ngokutsho nohlobo yokulwa. Ngokomzekelo, Afghanistan ngawo onke amaqela ukuba impi wasebenzisa CPC kunye ekhaya efakiweyo emehlweni optical.

Ngowe-1950, uphuhliso iinguqulelo osetankini isixhobo kakuhle olungqiniweyo ngoMay. Kungekudala Vladimirov umpu umatshini enzima baqalisa ukuba phantse zonke amatanki zemveliso USSR. Kule kokulungiswa, iingalo iguqulwe kakhulu: i shutter yombane (27B), akukho zixhobo abalibona, ezisetyenziswa endaweni gunner emsebenzini yetanki izinto ezisebenzisa ngqwayi.

E-Afrika, i-imipu Russian umatshini enzima zithandwa kakhulu bonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha: ukuba zisetyenziswa imikhosi ezisemthethweni kunye nezihlwele lemigewu ezingafani. Abacebisi bethu emkhosini khumbula ukuba omele UN amandla amajoni boyika kakhulu kwi CPC, njengoko waqonda ngokulula nakwizithuthi ukukhanya vehicles, wema kulo imikhosi exhobileyo yasentshona kuloo mimandla. Ngoku phantse yonke BTR kunye BMP enokubakho utshaba "lula" ukhuselekile kakuhle kule umpu umatshini enzima. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ezi zibalo ngokungqalileyo ukuba "cima" ngokupheleleyo.

Kodwa ke, yonke imipu umatshini enzima Russia (USSR ngelo xesha) babethandwa kakhulu ezintlwini Mujahideen e Afghanistan. Kukholelwa ukuba malunga ne-15% ye-Soviet Mi-24 baphulukana izizathu bokulwa, badutyulwa phantsi ngenxa yezi zixhobo.

gun umatshini Heavy, NATO

Kumazwe bavala NATO ukuphuhlisa ezi ngezikhali ubukhulu becala ecaleni imigca efanayo, ezibe okufana lizwe (umzekelo, imipu umatshini ukuvuleka phantse twatse). Amajoni wawufuna umpu umatshini enamandla kwaye ithembekile, kunye nempumelelo ngokulinganayo ichaphazela zombini ukryvshuyusya ngenxa uthango nomkhosi kunye nezithuthi ukukhanya vehicles yotshaba.

Noko ke, kukho umahluko ezisisiseko phakathi ezimbini izikolo izixhobo-grade. Ngoko ke, lo Wehrmacht imipu umatshini enzima German Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaqeshwanga kwinkonzo. Kungenxa yoko le nto NATO kakhulu kusetyenziswa M2NV enye, leyo ngoku ukuxoxa.

M2NV Browning, USA

I-US Army idume ngenxa yokuba ukhetha ukutshintsha izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo iisampuli entsha ithembisa ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko M2NV lo mthetho akusebenzi. Oku "umkhulu", sungula yi edume Browning, kwinkonzo ukususela ngowe-1919! Kakade ke, lo umpu umatshini MG-3, emi phezu iingalo Bundeswehr kwaye yala maxesha ikopi MG-42, "Hitler wabona" onokuthelekiswa kunye naye umnombo yamandulo, kodwa isebenzisa NATO 7,62h51 abanjalo.

Machine gun wangena inkonzo ngo-1923. Ngowe-1938, oko ziphuculwe ukungeza esiqwini evuthelweyo. Enyanisweni, kule fomu, kusenjalo ikhona. Ukususela ngoko, i "umntu omdala" ngokuphindaphindiweyo wazama ukubhala off, eqhuba ukhuphiswano rhoqo endaweni, kodwa okwangoku okunye eyaneleyo ngezikrweqe olungqiniweyo apho.

Imbali yophuhliso yalo umdla kakhulu. US Army ngokungxamisekileyo ufuna umpu umatshini enzima, eya kubonelela ethembekileyo ukoyiswa utshaba moya (umyalelo weza evela Jikelele Pershing, injengele Expeditionary Force). Browning, ngubani yinja imihla bangena elula Ilula kakhulu.

Kuseloko lasekwayo nasiphi na isixhobo umntu iCartridge, kunye umpu ngokwaneleyo umatshini ukuvuleka ukusuka Yankees ngaloo mihla zange, nje wathabatha iCartridge 7,62 loyilo yayo ndakumandisa kabini. kwabonakala Lo mlinganiselo okwethutyana, kodwa isigqibo kwaba ngokumangalisayo nempumelelo: imipu umatshini phantse zonke onzima West usebenzisa le emthethweni.

Hi ndlela leyi, le ndawo ukwenza kuphambuko kuso. Usenokuba uye waphawula ukuba iCartridge, apho iifayile ezisetyenziswa izixhobo basekhaya angaphandle kweli candelo, nto ifana kakhulu. Sele sathetha malunga izizathu ezazibangela le meko, kodwa masithi namagama ambalwa. Ukuba ujonga etafileni othelekiso, uya kubona ukunqongophala ngokupheleleyo emthethweni 14.5 mm imipu umatshini enzima phakathi NATO.

Oku kwakhona kungenxa umahluko imfundiso umkhosi: Yankees bacinga (hayi ngokungafanelekanga) ukuba imisebenzi yalo hlobo kwezikhali ukhona nenqaba endala eyenzelwe Browning. Zonke izinto igeyiji enkulu, ngomhla ulwahlulohlulo kwintshona sele libhekisela "izixhobo ezincinane 'kwaye ngoko ke akukho umpu umatshini.

Gun "Browning M2 HQCB" (Belgium)

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba inzala Classic Browning kanti nempumelelo emangalisayo, iimpawu zayo zicwangciswe, hayi yonke imikhosi Western. I lithanda, abo basoloko yayidume iingalo umgangatho, wagqiba ekubeni aqhube i-maxesha oluzimeleyo umpu womatshini American. Eneneni, ekuqaleni inkampani Herstal wayefuna ukwenza into yabo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba imfuneko ukunciphisa iindleko zenkqubo kunye nokugcina phambili kunye imisebenzi ubudala, iingcali kwanyanzeleka ukuba none.

Noko ke, ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo ukho akukho ndlela abachaphazelekayo. Armourers Belgian zixhotyiswe nge ndiyindla enzima kunye indlela ulwimi olulula indawo yayo "shushu". Oku kwaphucula kakhulu iimpawu ekulweni kwezixhobo. Kwiinguqulelo ngaphambili, "nabaKhulisi" American "ezimbini" ngenxa endaweni umphanda kwakufuneka abantu ubuncinane ezimbini, yaye lo msebenzi lwepaki yingozi. Izilungiso ezininzi izibalo bade M2NV baye baphelelwa iminwe kulo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, babethanda eli isixhobo encinane. Machine guns Browning anti-moya loguqulelo ubukhulu becala ngenxa yesi sizathu zatshintshwa yi "Oerlikon" imipu, ezibe kakhulu ngakumbi enamandla nje kuphela, kodwa azinayo le engxakini.

Kwathiwa kongezwa ngcono chrome yangaphakathi isikhondo ububanzi, nto leyo emangalisayo survivability kwayo phantsi koxinzelelo yokulwa. Edubula evela umpu yale ezahlukeneyo kulungile kuba ukutshintshwa umntu omnye kuphela ekufuneka buti inani lwemisebenzi yamalungiselelo uyacutheka, umngcipheko wokungenwa kutshiswa phantse namnye.

Isimanga, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukunciphisa iindleko umpu chrome. Isibakala sokuba ngaphambili kusetyenziswa amabhakethi kunye zokwaleka Stellite. Kuyo imali eninzi kakhulu, kwaye nobomi wenkonzo umphanda amaxesha ubuncinane ezimbini ezincinane kunolo kunezixhobo, isale Konqueror. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i lithanda ukuvelisa iikiti maxesha ezahlukeneyo ezenza nawuphi M2NV endala inokujikwa ibe M2 HQCB imikhosi abasebenzi regimental.

Machine gun L11A1 (HMG)

Kwaye kwakhona phambi kwethu - "efanayo" Browning. Noko ke, kule version IsiNgesi. Kakade ke, zaphuculwa ngokubonakalayo kwaye ziphuculwe. Iingcali ezininzi bakugqala ncono yonke umgca "imbewu" M2VN.

Phakathi amatsha - i "iintsimbi ethambileyo". Ukuba ushiya bucala amazwi womculo, yinto inkqubo damping ifuthe kunye ukungcangcazela, ngenxa apho umpu umatshini enzima uba isixhobo kakhulu, oluchanekileyo kakhulu. Ukongeza, ezi gunsmiths bobungangamsha bakhe thaca uguqulelo kwabo kwinkqubo ekhawulezayo-utshintsho umphanda. Ngokubanzi, oko ngeendlela ezininzi ezifanayo kwiskimu esicetywayo, i lithanda.

ezinye izigqibo

Xa sithelekisa data evela le theyibhile ngokufaka ulwazi malunga umpu umatshini enzima wengingqi, kuye kucace ukuba olu didi izixhobo kakhulu efanayo. Umahluko phakathi iimpawu ezingundoqo yezobugcisa, umahluko obonakalayo encinane mass. guns umatshini Western enzima nobunzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Oku kungenxa yokuba yabo imfundiso emkhosini ngenkankulu icebisa ukuba elihamba isicelo sabo, ukubonelela ukufakelwa kwezixhobo obunjalo izixhobo zomkhosi.

Olona hlobo imikhosi NATO guns ezi 5,56 no 7.62 (standard kwabo, kunjalo). iiyunithi firepower Ukunqongophala zincitshiswe inani elikhulu seva abaqeqeshwe kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko ezisebenzayo kwimeko zilwe ngezigaba amaqela ngenqwelomoya kunye / okanye isikrweqe. Eneneni, omnye umatshini enzima itanki umpu kalishumi womelele ngamandla ukulwa, ukuze le nkqubo unelungelo lokuphila.