Fuels Nuclear: iintlobo kunye nokusebenza

amandla enyukliya liyilwe inani elikhulu leenkampani ukwenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. I ekrwada ukwaziswa kwale shishino lukhutshwe ukusuka kwimigodi uranium. Emva kokuba ithe yanikezelwa lweshishini ekuveliseni amafutha.

Ngaphezu koko, amafutha abathuthwayo ukuya izityalo amandla enyukliya, apho lingena khona engundoqo reactor. Xa amafutha enyukliya ukubala ixesha lakhe, luyasetyenzwa. Uqwalaselo kwenkunkuma ukuze itshatyalaliswe. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba inkunkuma enobungozi ayikho kuphela emva kwakhona, kodwa nanini na - ezimayini uranium ukuya nokusebenza reactor.

amafutha enyukliya

Kwamafutha ke iintlobo ezimbini. Lokuqala - i uranium geni emigodini, ngokulandelelana, imvelaphi yendalo. Iqulethe izinto ekrwada ukuba bayakwazi zokubumba neplutoniyam. Okwesibini - amafutha, eyenziwe ngumntu (eziziisekondari).

Njengoko amafutha enyukliya bahlulwe ukwakheka kwemichiza: metal, oxide, khabhayithi, ephuculweyo exutyiweyo.

Uranium imigodi kunye nemveliso amafutha

Isixa esikhulu imigodi uranium akhawunti kumazwe kuphela embalwa: Russia, France, eOstreliya, eUnited States, Canada kunye noMzantsi Afrika.

Uranium - into esisiseko ukuba amafutha izityalo ngamandla enyukliya. Ukuze ufumane ukuya reactor, iya ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo processing eziliqela. Ezininzi iidipozithi uranium ezikufutshane negolide nobhedu, nangona kunjalo lwenziwa nezokukhupha amatye anqabileyo.

Ekuphuhliseni impilo yabantu usengozini enkulu kuba uranium - ityhefu eziphathekayo, kunye neegesi ezivelayo kule khosi imveliso yalo, ukuba iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Nangona uninzi ekrwada iqulethe izixa ezincinane kakhulu uranium - ukususela 0.1 ukuya-1 ekhulwini. Kwakhona kakhulu kwi yabantu emngciphekweni abahlala kufutshane kwimigodi uranium.

Bacebisa uranium - amafutha esingundoqo izityalo zamandla zenyukliya, kodwa emva kokusebenzisa ngayo isixa omkhulu inkunkuma eqhumayo. Nangona iingozi yayo, zophuculo uranium yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekudaleni amafutha enyukliya.

Ngendlela yemvelo uranium kuba nzima ukuba isicelo naphi na. Ukuze usebenzise, kuyimfuneko ukuba yokucebisa na. centrifuges irhasi esetyenziselwa zokuxhobisa.

uranium Bacebisa isetyenziswa kuphela kushishino zenyukliya, kodwa ekuveliseni izixhobo.

zokuhamba

Nangaliphi na ixesha kumjikelo amafutha ithuthwa. It ikhutshwa phandle zonke; ngokuba umhlaba, ulwandle nomoya. Le engozini enkulu kunye nengozi enkulu hayi kuphela okusingqongileyo kodwa abantu.

Ngexesha uthutho elements amafutha enyukliya okanye kwenzeka iingozi ezininzi nesiphumo ukukhululwa lweziqalelo eqhumayo. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba amandla enyukliya kugqalwa engakhuselekanga.

Incapacitate zamandla

Akukho nanye kwezi zamandla akufuneki dismantled. Nkqu iChernobyl mveliso wenyukliya zodumo. Eyona nto kukuba ngokutsho ingcali iqikelela ixabiso abalinganayo sichitha okanye lidlula ixabiso ukwakhiwa reactor entsha. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akukho namnye unako ukuthi indlela kufuneka mali: ixabiso zibalwa kumava ukudilizwa izityalo ezincinane uphando. Iingcali zinika iindlela ezimbini:

1. Beka zamandla kwaye izibaso zenyukliya yokugcina.
2. Yakhela phezu baphuma ukusebenza sarcophagus reactor.

Kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, malunga 350 zamandla ehlabathini jikelele ziye resource zabo, kwaye kufuneka zitshatyalaliswe. Kodwa njengoko ukhuseleko ifanelekileyo indlela iindleko akukho kwemoto, ukuba ngumbuzo nangoku isigqibo.

Ngoku ke zamandla 436 ezisebenzayo emhlabeni. Kakade ke, lo igalelo elikhulu kwigridi, kodwa akukhuselekanga kakhulu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba kwiminyaka 15-20 uya kukwazi ukubuyisela izikhululo zamandla enyukliya nesebenza umoya solar.

inkunkuma nuclear

Inani elikhulu zenkunkuma yenyukliya wenziwa ngu umsebenzi yenyukliya. Uqwalaselo amafutha yenyukliya kwaye eshiya ngasemva inkunkuma eyingozi. Kulo mzekelo, akukho namnye amazwe asinakufumana isisombululo.

Namhlanje, inkunkuma yenyukliya equlethwe yokugcina yethutyana, ichibi amanzi okanye kungcwatywa nzulu ngaphantsi komhlaba.

Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo - ukuba igcinwe kwindawo zokugcina ezikhethekileyo, kodwa kukho kwakhona ukuvuza yemi-, ngokunjalo nangezinye iindlela.

Enyanisweni, inkunkuma yenyukliya ezinexabiso ethile, kodwa ke ifuna ukubambelela ngokungqongqo imithetho yokubeka. Yaye le ngxaki ungxamisekileyo.

Into ebalulekileyo lixesha apho inkunkuma enobungozi. Ngasinye radioactive into-ubomi yokubola, ngexesha apho yityhefu.

Iintlobo zenkunkuma yenyukliya

Xa ukusebenza nasiphi isityalo samandla enyukliya inkunkuma layo kokusingqongileyo. Oku ngamanzi okupholisa negesi inkunkuma turbines.

inkunkuma yenyukliya yohlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu:

1. amagosa iimpahla NPP, izixhobo zaselebhu - level Low. inkunkuma enjalo evela kumaziko onyango, iilebhu zophando. Abayi ukumela yingozi enkulu, kodwa ukuba ukuthotyelwa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko.
2. maleko esiPhakathi - kwizingxobo metal apho amafutha ithuthwa. Inqanaba radiation ukuba phezulu ngokwaneleyo, nabo basondeleyo, kufuneka zikhuselwe kubo.
3. inqanaba eliphezulu - le amafutha enyukliya bachitha kunye neemveliso zayo. Inqanaba radioactivity kunciphisa ngokukhawuleza. inkunkuma yezinga eliphezulu incinane kakhulu, malunga-3 pesenti, kodwa ziqulathe 95 pesenti yemisebe iyonke.