Nezokukhupha oli ehlabathini. kwemveliso ye-oli ehlabathini (jonga itheyibhile)

Njengezinye amafutha eziphili zamandulo, ioli - eli nenekazi ubudala ezifanelekileyo kakhulu. I-oyile yokuqala iidipozithi namandongomane, ngokutsho izazinzulu, kwakusekho kwiminyaka million 600 eyadlulayo. Ngoko mihla kakhulu ngakumbi ulwandle yaye ezinye iziqithi zagutyungelwa ngamanzi, kuquka ummandla mazwe ioli iveliswa ngexesha lethu.

Apho wenza yeoli?

Elwandle, kanye sasigcwele izityalo ezininzi kunye nezilwanyana, iintsalela amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka, Behlela emazantsi. Kunye esicwangciswe ngayo emhlabeni wadala ichibi, nto leyo iya ngaphezulu. Phantsi yintshukumo koxinzelelo olukhulu kwakukho inkqubo olukhulu uthotho zeentsalela komgquba amathontsi oyile. Uxinzelelo waba namandla kangangokuba kwezinye iindawo, ingakumbi isakhiwo aneentunja ezi zoleko zomhlaba eliphezulu, ezi amathontsi imfazwe yaye ngokuthe ekudaleni zamabala. Ngokusebenzisa kunokudala zesanti neoli lime qwele, kodwa esicwangciswe amatye basoloko nazo ngendlela yakhe, wawa kuloo mgibe, apho onke angabi nemingxuma kunye emathambekeni azele ulwelo. Ke kaloku imveliso zegolide abamnyama ehlabathini izama ukubaqhelisa ukungena kwezi nemingxuma enkulu kuhluthiswa.

Njani emasimini yeoli?

iidipozithi oyile Huge, ezifana kuMbindi Mpuma, ulale phantsi udaka ilitye elikhulu, apho ioli igcinwe. Iidipozithi kwilizwekazi aseYurophu uphahla ityuwa enkulu, nto leyo bathabath Iizilebhu ilitye elikhulu ukuya ekugqibeleni kwasekwa ioli igcwalisa ibinomthwebeba.

ukusetyenziswa oyile

Ihlabathi njengokuba sisazi ukuba, kuya kwahluka gqitha ukuba ibingekho ioli. Kunzima ukucinga izinto ezininzi kangakanani ngemihla wadala kulo. imicu Synthetic ezakha iimpahla, yonke yeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo kwindlu kunye noshishino, amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa - konke oku wenziwa petroleum.

Phantse isiqingatha eneji omadliwa abantu, yenziwa ioli namandongomane. Kubadle injini moya, kwakunye phantse zonke izithuthi ehlabathini. Ioli kwakhona itshiswe ukuvelisa umbane. Umbane eveliswayo ihamba oomatshini mveliso kwaye sisiseko sobomi mihla le ngozini.

Iidipozithi zegolide abamnyama

I-Middle East, ingakumbi amazwe Arab kunye Iran idibana phantse isiqingatha iimfuno yeoli yehlabathi. iidipozithi oli enkulu khona eRashiya, eUnited States, amazwe aseAfrika, umzekelo, e-Nigeria, ngokunjalo e North America. Kufumaneke intsimi enkulu nakwezinye iindawo, kodwa ke uphuhliso lwabo imali eninzi kwaye lukhatshwa zobuchwepheshe.

kwimveliso ye-oyile ehlabathini yaqala eUnited States. Lo mthombo wokuqala zeoli lwafumaneka kwi US ngo 1859. Oil ngokupheleleyo ukususela ubunzulu kweemitha ezingama-21. ukubhola indlela ngelo xesha elula kakhulu: a kusombiwa inqaba somthi basike belenga enzima, nto leyo rhoqo ingqubekile abanomsindo emhlabeni aphule ngamatye. Yokuqala kude nonxweme ukubhola isixhobo yakhiwa ngo-1900 phezu kunxweme California.

kwimveliso ye-oyile entsha ehlabathini angazimelisa phantsi iintlango okanye imigxobhozo, ngaphantsi emazantsi olwandle okanye iibloko ice Antarctic, kuba zina- kunzima ukuqonda oko kuza nzulu ezantsi izibilini zomhlaba. Ngoko ke, ukufuna amasimi ioli elitsha entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye ifuna iindleko ezinkulu zemali.

Ulungiselelo kunye nokuveliswa zegolide abamnyama

Nezokukhupha oli ehlabathini - le nkqubo ayikho ayiphele ndawo. Ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo ezikhoyo, kumphakamo wangoku zokukhokhela koovimba balo ihlabathi yedeskthopi luya kuthatha ubuncinane iminyaka 46, kuquka e Saudi Arabia - eyi-72 ubudala, Iran - 88, Iraq - 128, Venezuela - 234, Libya - 77 Kuwait - 111, United Arab Emirates - 94, Russia - 21, China - 10, USA - engama-11 ubudala.

Nezokukhupha oli ehlabathini (Itheyibhile ibonisa ngokucacileyo oko) luphawulwa top-10 kumazwe Champions.

kwimveliso ye-oyile ngamazwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Qwalasela imbali ye lizwe, ndizityebisile kwi zegolide abamnyama.

Saudi Arabia

Inkokeli yi Saudi Arabia, imveliso ioli yayo ehlabathini, netafile iyakungqina oku, wenza kuyo karhulumente esisityebi kakhulu. Phambi 1938, ubukumkani oselula phantsi igama Saudi Arabia wayengomnye kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini. Ngowe-1938, umthamo omkhulu kwezibonelelo yeoli esafunyanwa Saudi Arabia. uyilo lwabo linqanda kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kunye nomsebenzi yaqala kuphela ngo-1946, yaye ngo-1949 th kushishino oyile yelizwe washiya kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ioli liye laba mthombo uphambili uzinzo nempumelelo yobukumkani. Oyile kumazwe angaphandle bacebisa ubukumkani 310 ezigidi zeerandi ngo-2008. lonke ushishino isekelwe kumashishini oyile Saudi. Engqinekayo oovimba ioli imini zangoku kwi mali yelizwe ukuya malunga 260 billion imiphanda kwaye ilingana no-24% loovimba kubonakele ehlabathini. Eli nani wathola amasimi oyile kuthechu ukwanda. Okwangoku, Saudi Arabia uthathwa ukuba lizwe bazizinhanha emhlabeni.

Iran

Le utsalo yesibini zegolide omnyama kweli hlabathi Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran - ilizwe ohlala kulo ezithunyelwa ioli. Ngamasimi ezintsha ukufunyanwa, eli lizwe komeleza ngakumbi ubume bakaRafa oyile. Kutsha nje ngo-Iran kwafunyaniswa uvimba omkhulu yeoli kunye oovimba imiphanda billion 15.

Kuwait

indawo wesithathu uya Kuwait. Ngenxa ioli, urhulumente waba esisityebi kunene kwi ezithunyelwa 70-80s wenza yelizwe bazizinhanha emhlabeni. Kodwa kule minyaka 90 imeko enzima yezopolitiko kuye kwabangela ukuphazamiseka amazwe. ehlasela Iraq phantse yabhanga eli lizwe, wabatshabalalisa ubutyebi bayo bangaphambili. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente ngokukhawuleza ubuyisela inqanaba yayo yangaphambili. Okwangoku le Kuwait wafumana endle oqinileyo oyile, malunga 102 billion imiphanda, olubalelwa-9% iyonke oovimba zehlabathi. share ekhaya, malunga nama-95% lungeniselo ukusuka ukuthunyelwa oyile kunye namafutha iimveliso.

Makhe sijonge ukuba elizayo

Kule mihla, ioli ebusa yonke indawo. Ayikho enye fom kodwa endaweni yayo njengomthombo wamandla. kwimveliso ye-oyile yoNyaka ehlabathini malunga 4.4 billion tonnes. Oku kuqikelela ukuba kumphakamo wangoku yokusebenzisa koovimba bayo baya kuhlala (of the iidiphozithi ezaziwayo) ukuya ku-2025. Ukuba umthamo kwemveliso ye-oli ehlabathini ziza kuncitshiswa yaye luya kuvula imithombo entsha, neoli namandongomane ezinzulwini zomhlaba nga ukutsalwa ukuze 150 - iminyaka 1000. Yinto encinane kakhulu ehlabathini lonke. Nature kufuneka kwiminyaka emalunga nama-200 ezigidi ukudala le ezimbiwa, kwaye sizukulwana ngokudyiwaza ukuba ngexesha ezizigidi, oko kukuthi, njengokungathi emva kokuba senkcubeko yoluntu iya kutshitsha.

Maxa wambi, uluntu kufuneka utshintshe indlela yobomi, ukulawula imithombo yeoli unengqiqo okanye ukufuna eminye imithombo yamandla. Njengoko iingcali ezininzi ocinga, umfanekiso elizayo kukuba loo: oovimba ioli ziya kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini yemichiza okubonakalayo kushishino iplastiki, amayeza kunye nezinye iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Izithuthi, iimoto, iilori okanye iinqwelo ziza kuhamba ngenxa hydrogen. Zombane kunye namandla ezishushu iya kuveliswa kwenye, imithombo ehlaziyekayo njengomoya, ilanga kunye namanzi. Thina nje ukunyamekela izinto esinazo size silindele ukuba elizayo.