Sinodi - is ... oyiNgcwele Sinodi yeCawa Orthodox Russian

I-Sinodi Holy - kwixesha elidlulileyo enyangweni elawula umzimba kwimicimbi yeCawa yobuOthodoki. It esisuka 1721 ukuya 1918. Kwi Local Council of the Russian Church Orthodox 1917 - 1918, kwagqitywa ekubeni ngubhishophu omkhulu. Okwangoku, eli qumrhu lidlala indima minor kuphela kwimicimbi zebandla.

Church of the ixesha lokuqala

ROC yasekwa ngo-988. abefundisi yokuqala isakhiwo oluneqela yamkelwa e Istanbul. Kule 9 iinkulungwane zilandelayo icawa Russian wayexhomekeke kakhulu uBukhosi baseByzantium. Kweli xesha ukususela 988 ngo-1589 kwenziwa mitropolitskoe isixhobo. Ngaphezu koko, ukususela 1589 ukuya 1720 obeyintloko yaseRussia Orthodox Church uMphathi. Yaye ukususela 1721 ukuya 1918 ibandla lalilawulwa yi-Sinodi. Okwangoku, le ngumlawuli Russian Orthodox Church uBhishophu KIRILL na. Namhlanje Sinodi - oku liqumrhu nje zengcebiso.

Imithetho ye Church Universal

Ngokutsho imithetho jikelele Sinodi yehlabathi wamasiko banokuba ushaya, yowiso-mthetho, ezolawulo, kwanokukhangela namandla yolawulo. Ukudibana ne-urhulumente eziveliswa ngumntu wempangelo oqeshwe nguRhulumente. Le mibutho ilandelayo amiselwe umsebenzi olululo Sinodi:

1. Office Synodal.
2. Ikomiti ngokomoya nokufunda.
3. Management Synodal yoshicilelo.
4. I-Ofisi ye-lokusayina.
5. iibhodi yokomoya esikolweni.
6. ulawulo lwezoqoqosho.

ROC yahlulwe dioceses, imida kunye imida iindawo imo leyo idibana. Ngokwesigqibo Sinodi kufuneka babe ngababingeleli, nekucetyiswa ukuba amarhamente. Ukwenziwa oonyana babo wabamba intlanganiso eyodwa Sinodi of the Russian Church Orthodox (amaxesha 2 ngonyaka).

Ukudala Imithetho Zokomoya

imimiselo ngokomoya yenziwe yi ngokomyalelo Peter I, Metropolitan Feofanom Prokopovichem. Olu xwebhu isalayita lonke imithetho yamandulo ibandla. Xa uxhathiso ukuya utshintsho ngabefundisi, yaseRussia uKhesare laqalisa nokupheliswa ngamandla ngamadoda kunye nokusekwa kwe-Sinodi. Akuthandabuzeki ukuba yinto yokuba ukuba emveni koku, kwaye emva kokuba kuqaliswe kwisikhundla lokusayina, i ROC waphulukana ukuzimela yalo kurhulumente.

izizathu esemthethweni kulawulo Church iBhunga lecawa

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze apho iCawa Orthodox Russian wamnkele xa le fomu yolawulo (umyalelo of Peter I), ezidweliswe kwi-Regulation Yokomoya yaye ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. ngabefundisi abaliqela zingaqinisekisa inyaniso kakhulu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphezu kwesinye.
2. abasemagunyeni Solutions Cathedral uya kuba ubunzima enkulu kakhulu kwaye negunya ngaphezu izigqibo yomntu omnye.
3. Kwimeko yokugula okanye ukufa yomphathi kuphela ityala akayi kuvingcwa.
4. abantu abaliqela ungakwazi ukuthatha izigqibo ngokungenamkhethe ngaphezu kwesinye.
5. Abasemagunyeni kakhulu kunzima ukuphembelela kwinani elikhulu ababingeleli, ngaphezu umlawuli kuphela ibandla ngakumbi.
6. Kwenye loo mntu inokumisela iqhayiya lamandla. abantu abaqhelekileyo ke ngelo xesha enye, oko kuya kuba nzima ukwahlukanisa ibandla ukusuka monarshestva.
7. I-Sinodi Holy ungasoloko agxeke ngokungekho elinye lamalungu ayo. Yezixhobo zecomputer izigqibo ezingachanekanga kasolusapho kufuneka kubizwe abefundisi eMpuma. Kodwa iyabiza kwaye elide.
8. Sinodi - isikakhulu uhlobo esikolweni apho amalungu abanamava banokufundisa wabaqalayo ishishini yolawulo ibandla. Ngenxa yoko, ukwandisa intsebenzo.

Eyona nkalo i Russian iBhunga lecawa

A phawu uphawu le Sinodi ntsha Russian kukuba Wavuma alungiswe lingana koobawo Mpuma. imizimba enjalo kwamanye amazwe Orthodox wadlala kuphela indima ezingephi kwi ubuntloko kuphela woMntu. Kuphela lecawa zamaGrike unawo amandla efanayo ngaphakathi eyabo icawa yabo lizwe Russian. Indlu kaThixo mazwe mabini bezisoloko kwifowuni yakho ezininzi esifana ngazo. oosolusapho Eastern obizwa "umzalwana oyintanda eNkosini," i-Sinodi oyiNgcwele zeCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, oko kukuthi, ukuqaphela igunya layo alinganayo yayo.

Inxalenye nelembali Sinodi

Ekuqaleni, iqumrhu elilawulayo yayiba:

1. UMongameli (Stefan Jaworski - Metropolitan of Ryazan);
2. Vice-Mongameli abaLawulayo kwi sisininzi sabantu ababini;
3. Abacebisi kunye abavavanyi (4).

amalungu Sinodi banyulwa phakathi archimandrites, ubuveleli, abbots kunye archpriests zasezidolophini. imithetho Church zokuphelisa ekhusela inkululeko uluvo nokufakwa. Ngoko ke Sinodi akazange ukuba bathathe inxaxheba zombini abbots kunye Archpriests kunye emi phezu kwabo oobhishophu. Emva kokufa Stefana Yavorskogo isikhundla sokuba nguSihlalo kwayekwa. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili, onke amalungu Sinodi zaye equalized kwamalungelo. Kunye nokwakhiwa umzimba utshintsha ngamathuba ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngoko ke, ngo-1763 izilingo abantu 6 (nabaveleli-3, kwaye 1 2 Archimandrite Fr). On 1819 - abantu 7.

Phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokuba isigqibo malunga nokusekwa Sinodi kwalandelwa nokulahlwa ngobulungu kumkani ngayo kulo mzimba igade umntu yehlabathi. Wonyulwa ummeli karhulumente amagosa nangokuhloniphekileyo. Ngokuba wamnika indawo 'lokusayina oyintloko Sinodi. " Ngokutsho imiyalelo evunyiweyo iNkosi uPhilip le ndoda 'esweni * uKhesare kunye kweGqwetha for Public. " Ngo-1726 kule ngqungquthela waba zahlulo ezimbini - iindleko yokomoya nezenyama.

Imbali emfutshane yolawulo synodal ukususela 1721 ukuya 1918.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala nempembelelo enkulu phezu izigqibo Sinodi waba Bishop Theophane. incwadi ibandla Kananjalo ayikwazanga kupapashwa ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Lo mntu wayengumhlobo Bismarck kunye Osterman nabo bonke ubuveleli, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, babe ngamakhoboka akhe. Loo mandla Theophane zafikelela emva kokuwa Enkulu Party of the Sinodi. Ngelo xesha, urhulumente waseSoviet wayesiya wayengenamali. Longquzulwano phakathi ekukruqulayo Ioannovnoy kunye intombi uPetros Great ukuba xanisiwa ka nabaxhasi yokugqibela. Xa onke amalungu Sinodi Feofan ngaphandle ngenxa yesiqalekiso ababegxothiwe nje, kwaye endaweni yazo bamisa abanye, kakhulu ukunyaniseka kuye ngakumbi. Kakade ke, emveni kokuba sele babenebanga amandla ibonwe. Theophanes wafa ngo 1736

Ekugqibeleni, kodwa Elizabeth wanyukela etroneni. Emva koko, onke amakhonkco ngexesha ababingeleli abathinjiweyo Theophanes wabuyayo. Ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe enye okuhle yaseRussia Orthodox iBhunga lecawa. Noko ke, uKumkanikazi ngubhishophu nangoku sele zingaphumi. Ngaphezu koko, uye wachongwa ingakumbi akaxoleli umtshutshisi oyintloko J. Shahovsky, badumele ukuba kunyango ngenzondelelo imeko.

Ebudeni bolawulo Peter III Sinodi oyiNgcwele yaseRussia Church Orthodox kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba banyamezele impembelelo waseJamani, Noko ke, leyo, yaphela xa enyukela kwitrone uCatherine II. Akukho ezintsha ezithile, le ukumkanikazi Sinodi ayikho zaziswa. Into kuphela ukuba akwenzileyo - ivaliwe imali zekholeji. Ngenxa yoko, i-Sinodi wayiyo kwakhona.

Phantsi Alexander I umtshutshisi oyintloko uba Prince AN Golitsyn, njengoko umfana badumele ukuba umxhasi zonke iintlobo amahlelo eyimfihlakalo. Njengoko practical, wade ingqalelo kuluncedo kwi Sinodi, ingakumbi ekuqaleni. figure ibandla ebalulekileyo Nicholas ndaba Filaret, ezakhiwe umlawuli ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla zeenqila 1826. Ukususela ngo 1842 umbingeleli yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo umsebenzi Sinodi.

"Ages Dark" le Sinodi of ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX

Isizathu esiyintloko wayebuyela ngubhishophu ngo-1917 - 18 iminyaka. Yaba zingaphazanyiswa kulawulo kwimicimbi yecawa Rasputin kunye ukuqhubela phambili imeko yezopolitiko ngeenxa umzimba. Sinodi - ke inviolability le hierarchs. Iziganeko sizibandakanya nokufa kwelungu igunya umzimba Anthony ukuqeshwa endaweni yakhe Metropolitan Vladimir, yaye kamva Pitirim kwakhokelela bazitshisekisayo nezingamkelekanga phezulu abaphathi ibandla inkanuko udale umoya onzima nokungathembani. Metropolitan Pitirim ezininzi abefundisi iqwalasela "Rasputinists".

Ukuba sicinga ukuba ekupheleni kuka-1916, kunye namanye amalungu ezininzi Sinodi aba abalandeli henchman kakumkani (umzekelo, intloko umtshutshisi Raev, ukulawula i-ofisi ka Guriev kunye nomncedisi wakhe Mudrolyubov), icawa baqalisa ukukhangela phantse eliphikisayo itrone enkulu yobukumkani. Amalungu ebhunga lolawulo abo asisiso khetha iqela 'Rasputinists "kwakhona ukoyika ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo, nisazi nje ukuba siya kwangoko kudluliselwa Tsarskoye Selo. Yokuyisebenzisa imicimbi kuye, enyanisweni, hayi Sinodi zeCawa Orthodox kunye buqu Rasputin.

Buyela ulawulo ngamadoda

Emva kokuba revolution ngo February 1917, uRhulumente Provisional, ukuze alungise le meko, wakhupha ummiselo ukugxothwa onke amalungu alo mzimba kunye kokubizwa kwiseshoni zasehlotyeni entsha. Fifth Agasti 1917 kubhangise isithuba umtshutshisi oyintloko kunye yoMphathiswa kwasekwa iinkonzo. Imimiselo yalo mzimba egameni Sinodi epapashwe ukuya ku January 18, 1918 Ukususela ngoFebruwari 14, 1918, Resolution yokugqibela zeBhunga sapapashwa. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, igunya le-Sinodi oyiNgcwele edlula solusapho. Yena lo mzimba yaba ehlangeneyo.

Iimpawu ngesakhiwo kunye namagunya alo Sinodi lwangoku

Namhlanje, i-Sinodi Ngcwele Orthodox Russian yibhodi yokucebisa kulo solusapho. Oku kuquka amalungu ezisisigxina nezexeshana. Le yokugqibela wabiza iintlanganiso dioceses zabo kunye nabo ugxothiwe ngaphandle bokunikeza ubulungu Sinodi. Namhlanje, lo mzimba unelungelo ukuhlomela imithetho iinyaniso kunye neenkcazelo ngaphambili wabathumela ukuba zivunywe uMphathi.

Usihlalo kunye namalungu esisigxina

Namhlanje wakhokela ROC iBhunga lecawa (Usihlalo), uMphathi KIRILL Gundyaev. amalungu asisigxina zezi Metropolitans:

1. Kiev and All Ukraine Vladimir.
2. Ladoga ne St Petersburg, uVladimir.
3. Kwaye Slutsk Minskiy Filaret.
4. Zonke Moldova Vladimir kunye Chisinau.
5. Kolomna kunye Krutitsy Juvenal.
6. Kazakhstan kunye Astanayskiy uAleksandr.
7. Central Asia Vincent.
8. Umlawuli we labefundisi eMoscow Mordovia Saransk Metropolitan Varsonofy.
9. Sihlalo for Relations yangaphandle ye labefundisi of Moscow, Metropolitan Volokolamskiy Illarion iSebe.

indawo

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukusekwa Sinodi waba eSt Petersburg ngomhla Island City. Emva kwexesha elithile kwentlanganiso waqalisa kuqhutyelwa ekwakheni kwiiKholeji elinambini. Ngowe-1835, i-Sinodi wafudukela iNdlu Yeengwevu Square. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha intlanganiso idluliselwe eMoscow. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni ibekwa ngookumkani. Ngo-Agasti 1917 i-Sinodi ekugqibeleni safudukela eMoscow. Ngaphambi koku apho kuphela ofisi Synodal.

Ngowe-1922, lo solusapho wabanjwa. Intlanganiso yokuqala ye-Sinodi Kwabanjwa kwiminyaka emihlanu kuphela kamva, ngo-1927. Ke livumele ROC iphumelele Metropolitan uSergiyo of Nizhny Novgorod. Walungiselela nabo solusapho iBhunga lecawa yexeshana. Nangona kunjalo, entwasahlobo ka-1935 i-organ kwakhona apheliswe ngenyathelo ngabasemagunyeni.

Sinodi esisigxina

Ngowe-1943, kwiBhunga Bishops le ngqungquthela esisigxina yakhethwa, yeeseshoni apho waqalisa kubanjelwa kwisithuba esinikiweyo yindlu Stalin kaThixo №5 emzileni ecacileyo. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha bathunyelwa emagumbini usolusapho kaThixo Oziqu Zithathu-uSergiyo Lavra. Ukususela ngo-2009, iintlanganiso zaye zabanjwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi ngokukhetha intloko zeCawa. Ngo-2011, ngoDisemba, oko yavulwa yayimisele Sinodi yokuhlala kasolusapho kwi ukulungiswa eSt Daniel Monastery. Kulapha abadlula kutshanje ngalo mzuzu kwintlanganiso, wawavulayo Oct-2, 2013.

Intlanganiso yokugqibela

Kwintlanganiso yokugqibela (ebibanjwe ngo-Oktobha 2013), ingqalelo kakhulu yahlawulwa ekubhiyozeleni isikhumbuzo 1025th ubhaptizo of Russia. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba iCawe isisombululo Sinodi kwimfuneko ukuqhubeka isithethe enceda wonke isikhumbuzo, ngentsebenziswano kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente. namandla. Kwakhona kwintlanganiso kwaxoxwa imiba kwi ekusekweni dioceses ezintsha kwimimandla ehlukeneyo yelizwe kunye nokunikezelwa abefundisi kwindawo entsha. Ukongeza, ababingeleli wathabatha Regulations on the iinkqubo ezinxulumene zoqeqesho kulutsha, kwakunye wevangeli kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu.

Modern Russian Orthodox Church iBhunga lecawa, nangona ibhunga lolawulo, nangoku idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi kwebandla. isigqibo sayo kunye nezigqibo ziyabophelela kuzo zonke dioceses. Isithuba yirhuluneli kuba mzuzu ayikho. Njengoko wonke umntu uyazi, ibandla evela kurhulumente, siye ngokwahlukana. Kunye nempembelelo engaka kwi-nkqubo zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle, nangona ulawulo kwamadoda nokuzimela mihla, awusebenzi. Oko kukuthi, igunya loluntu akunjalo.