I-LTE-frequencies eRashiya. I-Networks ye-LTE eRussia: Impendulo

Ukufikelela kwiNethwekhi yinkalo yinkalo ebonakalayo yimizila ephezulu yokusungulwa kwezisombululo kunye nemigangatho entsha yezobuchwepheshe. Ngoko, umzekelo, ngoku kutshanje, i-intanethi ye-3G ithathwa njengenye yeendlela eziphambili. Namhlanje, iingcali zithi i-flagship ye-mafoni eselula iya kuba yi-4G-teknoloji.

Kukho ukusetyenziswa kwezikhonkco ezininzi. Kodwa enye yezona zithandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi ziye zaba yi-LTE iteknoloji, ekwaziswa ngokusesikweni ngabaqhubi baseRussia. Ziziphi iimpawu zayo?

Yintoni i-LTE

Umgangatho we-LTE, obizwa ngokuba ngu-4G, uphakathi kwezobuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye obuthembisayo obunokubonelela ngokukhawuleza kwi-intanethi nakwezinye iinkonzo ezinikezwa ngabaqhubi bamaselula. I-infrastructure ye-LTE - nangayiphi na imeko, oku kulindelwe ngabachwepheshe beemarike-yenzelwe ukubuyisela amanxibelelwano amanxibelelwano esebenza kumgangatho we-3G. Iinjongo eziphambili zeteknoloji entsha zihamba ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuzinza koxhumano.

Ababhalisi be-opharetha bahambahambayo banako, ngenxa yeenzuzo zalo mgangatho, banwebise amandla abo kwindlela yokwabelana nge-intanethi. Inyaniso kukuba, umzekelo, xa usasaza ukufikelela kwintanethi esekelwe kwi-teknoloji ye-3G nge-Wi-Fi, wonke umntu ofuna ukuxhuma nje wayenalo isantya setya. Ukusebenzisa i-LTE, isiseko siseko se-WiFi kufuneka siphumelele ngakumbi. Ukuthelekisa: kwiinkonzo ezininzi ze-3G, isivinini sokufikelela asidluli kwi-7-8 Mbit / s. Ngaloo ndlela, isalathisi esibhengeziweyo sabasebenzi baseRashiya baselula xa usebenzisa i-LTE yi-100 Mbps.

Ukusasazwa kweLTE eRashiya

Ekubeni lo mgangatho wokunxibelelana usanda kutsha, abaqhubi baseRussia abazange bawuphumeze kuyo yonke imimandla yelizwe. Nangona kunjalo, amanxibelelwano enxibelelwano, apho i-LTE ithokhnoloji, iyakhiwa ngabanikezeli benkonzo yeselula kakhulu. Ngoku usebenzisa oku kumgangatho onxibelelwano abanokubakho ababhalisile kuphela kwiinkunzi kunye nezixeko ezikhulu kunabo bonke, kodwa nabemi beemimandla yaseRashiya kude kude namagacities.

Iingxelo malunga neLTE

Enyanisweni, ngaba ababhalisile ngokwabo bathi ntoni ngamava okusebenzisa iteknoloji entsha? Okokuqala, abaninzi abanini beefowuni ezixhasa i-LTE standard bahlonyiswa kukuba ukuba kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi kwisakhelo semigangatho emibandela, akukho mfuneko yokubhadela ngaphezulu. Ingaba kunjalo, mhlawumbi, kufuneka uthenge isixhobo esinokusebenza kwimodi ye-LTE. Ngokubanzi, ngokubhekiselele kubaninzi ababhalisile, iteknoloji entsha ihlangabezana neemfuno. Ijubane lokufikelela kwi-Intanethi liphezulu kakhulu kunokuba lisebenza kunye nemigangatho ye-3G ne-4G.

Ukuzinza koxhumano nakwiimeko ezininzi akubangela ukuba i-censure phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Ngexesha lokusebenzisa iziteshi zendabuko zokufikelela kwi-intanethi kwi-intanethi, kukho ukulahlekelwa ngokuqhelekileyo (ngakumbi ukuba kungengakho iikhomputha, kodwa ii-smartphones, iipilisi-ke, iifowuni ezingenantambo) zixhunyiwe.

Kukho, ngexesha elifanayo, izimvo kwiindawo ezingabandakanyi kakhulu apho i-LTE isebenza khona. Kodwa oku kucacile ukuba yinto engxamisekileyo. Ngesinye isikhathi, umgangatho we-3G wawufumaneka kuphela kubahlali kwimimandla ethile. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba isantya sokuthunyelwa kweziseko ze-LTE kwixesha elizayo liza kuhlala lizinzileyo.

LTE-operators

I-teknoloji entsha inikwe inkxaso ngabaqhubi abakhulu baseRashiya baselula - i-Megafon, i-Beeline, i-MTS, i-Tele2, i-Yota (ithathwa njengomdlali ozimele kwimarike). I-LTE iphinda iqulunqe i-Rostelecom. Inzuzo ephambili yenkqubo yokunxibelelana ekuthethwa ngayo kukuba abameli beemakethe zaseRussia bayabiza ukuhambelana okuphezulu neziseko ezikhoyo, apho iinqununu ze-3G zisebenza. Oko kukuthi, kunokwenzeka ukuzisa iteknoloji entsha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukuxhunyelelwa ngokunyanzelisiweyo kwabathengi kwiinkonzo ezithile. Ukongeza, iiRussia ze-LTE ziyakwazi ukuqhuba izixhobo ezixhasa kuphela umgangatho we-3G. Kukho, ngoko, ukuhambelana okubuyiselwayo kwi-teknoloji entsha kunye naleyo yangaphambili.

Enyanisweni, malunga neziganeko. Nguwuphi kubo oqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ngababoneleli beenkonzo zesevisi zaseRashiya kunye nehlabathi jikelele? Kulo nxu lumano lunomdla? Inyaniso kukuba ithemba lokufumana iteknoloji yakutshanje yokunxibelelana, kunye nejubane lokuphunyezwa kwalo, ngokuchasene nabahlalutyi, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezixhaswa yi-spectrum ebonakalayo kumqhubi. Ubuninzi bee-intanethi zaseRussia ezinqamlekileyo kukuba ukungahambi kwezibonelelo ezifunekayo kunokuthi zivezwe ngababoneleli ngeenkonzo eziphathekayo ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa akukho konke. Le meko iyinkimbinkimbi yinto yokuba i-frequency frerum spectrum isebenzise kakhulu i-arhente yokunyanzelisa umthetho, kunye neenkqubo zokuhamba.

Ngoku, inani labasebenzi baseRashiya lisebenza kwinqanaba elifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno zeemarike zinjalo ukuba ababoneleli bezonxibelelwano beefowuni baya kufuna enye ibhanki enye ukulungiselela iziteshi. Iinqununu ze-LTE zidinga amandla amaninzi. Ukongeza, njengoko udibanisa nabaqhubi bee-ababhalisi, usebenzisa amathuba otheknoloji entsha yonxibelelwano kwiimodyuli ezahlukeneyo - kwindlu, kwimoto, kweli lizwe, epakini - umniki-mthengi kufuneka abe nencedo lokuphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza kwezithuthi, ukulungiselela ngokwenza umsebenzi wokubhalisa. Ukuba kukho enye ibhanti ye-frequency ekhutshwa ngumnikezeli, inengxaki, kwaye ngenxa yoko, umgangatho weenkonzo ezihambelanayo zingancipha.

Ukuphindaphinda kwamabala e-LTE

Ngoku kwihlabathi kukho amanethiwekhi angaphezu kwama-200 asekelwe kwitheknoloji yonxibelelwano ecingwa phantsi. Ziziphi ii-frequencies ezenza umsebenzi we-LTE kaninzi? Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba lolu luhlu lwe-1800 MHz - luqhelekileyo lisetyenziswe kwihlabathi. Ngokwabanye abahlalutyi, zisetyenziselwa ngaphezu kwama-40% oomashishini bokhweba banamhlanje. Ngelo xesha, kukho ezinye iziteshi ezithandwayo. Ngoko ke, ngokukodwa, uluhlu lwamanqanaba e- LTE, oluhambelana no-2.6 GHz luqhelekile. Akukho mntu uyathandwa kakhulu obonakaliswa ngumfanekiso we-800 MHz. Enyanisweni, e-Russia ukusetyenziswa kwayo kukunye okuthembisayo. Kamva siya kufumanisa ukuba kutheni.

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo kwiLTE eRashiya ngoku? Eyona nto ininzi ethandwa kakhulu yi-band ebizwa ngokuba ngu-2.6 GHz. Ingakumbi, isebenza nge-MTS ye-capital. Izikhundla ze-LTE kwezinye iindawo zisetyenziselwa kwi-band ye-2.3 GHz, kukho ithemba lokuphuhlisa iziteshi ezingama-450 kunye ne-900 MHz-siya kuthetha ngazo ngokwahlukileyo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo eziphantsi kwexesha elininzi kubathembisa ngokuthe ngqo kwimimandla enobudlelwane obuphantsi kwabantu. Isizathu kukuba kulo mzekelo kunokwenzeka ukwakha isiseko seenkonzo zenethiwekhi yamandla amancinci.

Kutheni umcimbi wexesha?

Ngasentla saqaphela ukuba kukho iimeko apho iindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-LTE eRussia ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ziphezulu-ezi zichaphazelekayo kwimimandla apho ababhalisile basasazeka kwintsimi enkulu. Ziziphi ezinye iipateni, ezibonisa iinkcukacha ezithile zokusetyenziswa kwezigaba ezithile, zingahlukana?

Makhe siqaphele, umzekelo, ukuba i-frequency kwixabiso le-1800 MHz, ngokweengcali, iyanceda kakhulu umnotho. Malunga nama-60%. Ukuba umsebenzisi unethuba lokusebenza kweli qhamo, ngoko isantya sokwakha izibonelelo eziyimfuneko sinokunyuka kakhulu. Ukongezelela, kwezinye iimeko, zincinci ngaphezu kokwakhiwa kwamanethiwekhi kwi-800-900 MHz.

Enye inzuzo yamanqanaba aphantsi: isalathisi esakhiwe ngamajelo afanelekileyo, njengommiselo, ngokulula ukungena kwizakhiwo. Oku kuvumela umqhubi ukuba anike indawo yokukhawulela indawo enkulu. Enyanisweni, kukho ubungqungquthela apha - kwintsimi ehambelanayo, mhlawumbi, akunakukwazi ukubeka inani elikhulu lezikhululo.

Iimpawu ezininzi - inkonzo engcono

Efanelekileyo - ukuba i-LTE-frequencies eRashiya iya kufumaneka kubaqhubi kuwo onke amanqanaba. Umsebenzi womnikezeli wolonxibelelwano kulo mzekelo uya kuthi, njengokuba iingcali zithetha, ziza kusebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuya kunokwenzeka ukukhonza indawo ezinkulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubonelela ngesalathisi esifanelekileyo samandla ngokufumana inombolo efunekayo yezikhululo kummandla, okanye izinto ezincedisayo kwiziseko ezifana ne-femtocells, umzekelo. Enyanisweni, sele siqaphele ngasentla ukuba isibonelelo ngokwefom yeefayile ezininzi ngokukhawuleza sinquma umgangatho wokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezihambelana nomsebenzisi.

Iofisi igunya

Ngaba abaqhubi bee-telecom baseRashiya banezinto abazithethayo? Ngokutsho kwabahlalutyi, kukho. Ehlotyeni ka-2014, iKhomishoni kaRhulumente kwiRadio Frequencies ivumile ukuthunyelwa kwee-frequencies eziphathekayo ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo eziphathekayo-450, 890-915 MHz kunye ne-935-960 MHz. Sebenzisa le mithombo, abaqhubi baseRussia banako lonke ilizwe. Ngaloo ndlela, ekukhutshweni kwabathengisi - ngaphandle kwezo zikhundla eziphezulu, esizichaze ngasentla, - iindawo eziphantsi. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhawulezisa ukuthunyelwa kweziseko zonxibelelwano eziphambili eRashiya, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weenkonzo ezifanelekileyo kubhalisele.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezibonakalayo ze-arhente-imvume efanelekileyo yokuqhuba intengiso ekhethekileyo phakathi kwabanikezeli bezonxibelelwano zeselula ukuba kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ii-frequencies ezongezelelweyo-kwi-2570-2620 MHz. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ezinye iingcali ziphawula, iKomishoni kaRhulumente inokukhetha ukuhlola iimpawu kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe angama-4G ngaphambili.

Ngaphambi kwesicwangciso se-agency esifanelekileyo, esinye sezikhundla ezivakalayo ezivakalayo-900 MHz - zingasetyenziselwa ngabaqhubi ukubonelela iinkonzo zisebenzisa i-GSM ye-tekhnoloji, oko kukuthi, kwisiseko sesibini sesizukulwana sesi-2G. Ngoku inkulu kakhulu ababoneleli bezonxibelelwano baseRashiya - i-MTS, Beeline, Megafon - i-LTE iifom, zingasuka kwindlela yokubukeka kwezobuchwepheshe, zisebenzise lolu hlobo.

Qaphela kwakhona ukuba ngaphambi kokuba imvume inikwe imvume yokusebenzisa i-900 MHz phantsi komgangatho omtsha, abaqhubi babe nethuba lokusebenza namanye amabhande (kwi-2G mode) - 1800 MHz. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweengcali zakhe ziphakathi kwezona ziphezulu. Okokuthi, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, akunakuncedo ukuwasebenzisa kwimimandla apho ubuninzi bezantlupheko bubuncinane. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziseko ezingundoqo kumgangatho omtsha wolonxibelelwano azikhuthazekanga kuphela kwizixeko ezinkulu, abaqhubi bafuna iindawo eziphantsi. Izikhundla eziphezulu zeLTE eMoscow, esizibonise ekuqaleni kwinqaku, asizange avumele abaqhubi beefowuni ukuba batyelele ukunyuka okusebenzayo kwimimandla engqamene.

I-LTE-frequencies: i-theory kunye nokusebenza

Makhe siqwalasele, zeziphi izixhobo ezibonakalayo zokusetyenziswa kwetheknoloji ekhankanywe ngabaqhubi abakhulu baseRashiya namhlanje. Siza kufunda ukuba yi-MTS, Beeline, i-Megafon enelifa le-LTE kwaye iqhathanisa kunye nalawo akhuphisana nabo. Singaqwalasela iimfuno zabanikezeli benkonzo ngokubhekiselele kumacandelo abafanelekileyo ukubonelela ngeenkonzo, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukufumaneka kwelayisenisi. Ngokwenza oko, ngenxa yesigqibo seKhomishoni kaRhulumente kwiRadio Frequencies, abaqhubi bangasebenzisa amaninzi amaninzi.

Iimvumi zilungiselela ukukhuphisana

Masiqale ngomnye wabaqhubi abatsha baseRashiya - uYota. Uthiwa ngumdlali ozimele kwimarike, nangona ukuba i-100% yezabelo ze-brand isoMegafon. Ngokumalunga nokufumaneka kweziganeko, uYota angasebenza kwi-2.6 GHz. Kule meko, njengoko iingcali zithetha, ngokwenene, lo mqhubi unika iinkonzo njengomthengisi ongokoqobo. Abanikazi benene bezakhiwo ezisetyenziswayo yiMegafon, kunye nokunye, njengabahlalutyi abathile bakholelwa, i-MTS.

Ngaloo ndlela, uMegafon ngokwayo unokwenza ubuchwepheshe buqalise amanethiwekhi e-LTE kumaqela a-3-700, 800, no-2600 MHz. Enyanisweni, ezinye iziteshi eziphezulu ziza kusetyenziswa ngulo mqhubi kuphela eMoscow nakummandla. Kodwa iingxaki ngezixhobo zokuphuhlisa okuqhubekayo kwezibonelelo, iingcali zithi, "iMegaphone", inokwenzeka, ayiyi kuba nayo. Lo mqhubi weselula ungumnye wokuqala eRashiya ukuzisa ii-LTE amanethiwekhi kwiintengiso.

Ziziphi ii-LTE eRashiya zisebenzisa i-MTS? Ngokomgaqo, lo mqhubi akanalo uluhlu oluncinci lwezixhobo ezikhoyo, xa kuthelekiswa nalabo abanokuthi "Megaphone". I-MTS inokusebenza kuma-700, 800, 1800, kunye no-2600 MHz. Kule meko, njengokuba kunjalo kuMegafon, ezinye iziteshi kwii-band-frequency bands zingasetyenziswa ngumqhubi kuphela kwintsimi yomkhulu kunye nommandla waseMoscow.

Yintoni esebenzisa ii-frequency zeLTE "Beeline"? Ibala labo libala kakhulu. Kulahlwa ngumqhubi wee-700, 800, kunye no-2600 MHz. Phantse amathuba afanayo ku-Rostelecom, osebenza ngokufanayo ekuphuhlisweni kwemarike entsha. Kukho omnye u-LTE osebenzayo waseRashiya - "iBasis Telecom". Iyakwazi ukusebenza ngexesha eliqhelekileyo le-2.3 GHz.

Imbali yophuhliso lwe-LTE-market yeTe2 inomdla. Kwangexesha elide lo mqondiso awukho kule candelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngoDisemba 2014 inkampani iqhube isiseko seLTE. Yaye wayenza eTula. Iingcali zibiza amava eTele2 ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Inyaniso kukuba lo msebenzisi weselula usebenzisa uluhlu lwe-1800 MHz, olunqabileyo lusetyenziswa ngabathengi baseRussia. Phuma kwi-Tele2 ukuya kwi-LTE yerena, iingcali zikholelwa, ziya kunyanisa kakhulu ukhuphiswano kule candelo leenkonzo zesebe.

Ukongeza kwinqanaba le-1800 MHz, le nkampani nayo inekhono lobugcisa lokusebenzisa imvama ye-450 MHz, leyo, njengoko sichazwe ngasentla, ngoku ivumelekile kwiRashiya yeeLAN amanethiwekhi. Ngendlela, inqobo yendlela yokubonakala kwendawo ephantsi ekulahleni kweTele2 nayo inomdla kakhulu. Ukufikelela kwangaphambili kwesi sihlandlo kwakukho olunye uphawu - "I-Sky Link". Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwee-asethi ze-Tele2 ne-Rostelecom, yayilawulwa yiT2 RTK Holding. Yikuphi, kwakhona, inomxholo weTele2.

Izikhundla zeLTE eRashiya ziyavunyelwa ngokubanzi, kwaye ngoku, ngokweengcali, ziza kuba nendima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni imboni yeselula. Oku kuya kuchaphazela intengiso ye-intanethi ngokupheleleyo. Ngokufikelela kwinqanaba elibanzi, amanxibelelwano angenantambo ayancintisana. Ukunxibelelana nababoneleli bendabuko basebusiya baseRashiya, ngokuqinisekileyo, musa ukulahlekelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ipesenteji yesithuthi seendlela, ngokweengcali kunye nabahlalutyi, sele sondele kakhulu kwizibonakaliso ezibonakalayo kwiinkanethi zokufikelela kwi-intanethi.