Hesse, "Demian": Isishwankathelo

UHermann Hesse - eyaziwa Umbhali German-Swiss, owazuza Prize Leencwadi ngo-1946. imisebenzi yayo idumileyo - inoveli "Steppenwolf," I-Glass Bead Game "," USiddhārtha ". Kodwa ke, ukuze uqonde nobuchule umbhali, kuyimfuneko ukuba uye imithombo, imisebenzi yokuqala Hesse." UDamien "- inoveli, wadala 1919 phantsi mbumbulu kodwa. kukho zinto zikukuqaleka ezininzi iingcamango kunye nezisombululo ezaqaliswayo kamva kwi imisebenzi ngakumbi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze Hesse.

Classic iincwadi German

UHermann Hesse wazalelwa kwidolophu German of Calw ngo-1877. Abazali bakhe babe ngabavangeli. Utatomkhulu zokubelekisa awayezithanda wezakwalizwi, kunye noyise, uJohannes Hesse, ehamba kunye nomnqophiso wevangeli eIndiya, yaye, babuyele uBukhosi German, wadibana umfazi wakhe elizayo endlwini wokushicilela Gundert.

Herman yaba umntwana wesibini ekhaya. Okokuqala weza ubakhanyisele Adele wakhe udade 1875. Marullo besakhula noHans.

Usapho Hesse kulinywa pietism. Le ndawo ethile nawo ubuxoki, sinokuhlonela uThixo ezizodwa, bahlale ngqo noThixo, kwakunye nemvo ulawulo rhoqo phezu amandla akho lobomi.

Ngowe-1881 wafudukela eSwitzerland, intsapho Hesse kaThixo ( "Demian" Kamva abhalwe lizwe). E Basel, Herman ungena kwisikolo wevangeli. Esemncinane bonke waphawula italente yakhe - njengokufuna ukupeyinta, kunye nokudlala izixhobo zomculo. Esikolweni, uchitha yemifuniselo yokuqala zoncwadi. Le yokuqala Hesse, leyo eyaziwa ngokuba abathile - ngumntu wasentsomini, "Bazalwana Ezimbini", nomthetho awanibhalelayo lo dade encinci kweminyaka elishumi ubudala.

Ngowe-1886 Hesse babuyela Calw, kunye Herman waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe sabefundisi kwi woonongendi. Yena iinkosi iilwimi zamandulo, ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha Vangeli, babhala imihobe kuqala. Kamva, ezinye zeziganeko zeli xesha yena inxaxheba inoveli "Ngaphantsi Isondo". Abaninzi abaphandi esikholwa ngokuphila kwakhe.

iingxaki yengqondo

Umphefumlo lokuqala ezinkulu German lifumana emva nengxaki ngo-1892, xa wayeneminyaka eli-15 kuphela ubudala. Lowo ushiya isikolo sigodlo, yaye ngosuku olulandelayo ukuba abahlobo kunye nootitshala ngokubavezela naye ubuthongo ngonyezi. Eqalisa ukuba uzive uyalahlwa jikelele kokubini abadala kunye ngoontanga.

Ekugqibeleni Hesse ushiya woonongendi kwaye izama ukufunda weevil e Baden-Württemberg. Noko ke, imeko yakhe iya iba mbi, kwaye emva kokuba ukuzibulala ayiphumelelanga ngabazali ukuzama thumela ekliniki zengqondo Germana Gesse. "Demian", isishwankathelo olumisela becala iingxaki ezifanayo zamagorha, nalo msebenzi inxenye ngokuphila kwakhe.

Emva uzama ukufunda esikolweni nokuba bahlala apprentice typographer, Herman waya kusebenza endlwini sokushicilela wevangeli, ebeyinalo uyisemkhulu wakhe.

le ncwadi lokuqala

Kamva, Hesse uxakeke kwimfundo-self. Ngowe-1899, phezu imali efunyenwe kwaye kuhlehliselwe, wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala, "Iingoma Romantic". Emva kwethutyana - yingqokelela yamabali amafutshane "ilixa emva zobusuku." Noko ke, iincwadi asithandwa wathengisa kakuhle.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imisebenzi yakhe uqole ngakumbi. Iyaziwa phakathi uluntu ukufunda waseJamani ifumana ngokusebenzisa inoveli "UPetros Camenzind", epapashwe kwi-Berlin indlwana. Ukongeza udumo nemali kakhulu ukuba bavunyelwe ingqalelo uncwadi.

Uthando War

E Basel, Switzerland Hesse idibene noMaria Bernoulli. Ngowe-1904, le izithandwa uhambo kwelaseItali, uze ugqibe ukuba aphinde atshate.

ulonwabo Family ithatha malunga-10 iminyaka. Ingxubakaxaka iqala ngo-1914. Ngu kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi wongezelela ekufeni kayise, Hesse kunye yokugula umfazi wakhe. Ngenxa yezi ziganeko, imeko engqondweni yombhali iya isiba mandundu kwakhona. Kwaye ekugqibeleni abavumelani kunye nomfazi wakhe. ekugqibeleni Hesse bazobe umtshato ngowe-1919.

Imfazwe iye wahlula lonke elaseYurophu zaba ngamaqela amabini, kuquka nalawo wachukumisa naseSwitzerland, apho aphambukele khona, Hesse. Uzama ukubhala ngaphambili, kodwa uye wafumana azalufanelekela nkonzo.

Nolwazi Lang

kweziganeko ezidweliswe ngasentla mandundu imeko yengqondo ukubhala, kwaye ugqiba ukuba abhekisele kwiingcali. Ngowe-1916, e Lucerne, wadibana no Dr. Yozefom Langom. Kulo nyaka enesiqingatha wadlula kunye naye malunga 60 iiseshoni psychoanalysis.

kamva Lang waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni Herman. Xa imisebenzi emininzi, ugqirha thelekelwayo abalinganiswa prototype.

Ngowe-1919 ipapasha inoveli entsha Hesse - "UDamien". Le ncwadi esayinwe le mbumbulu bakhe - ngexesha ishicilelwe phantsi igama Emil Sinclair.

Isihloko epheleleyo yomsebenzi "UDamien, okanye imbali kolutsha." Hesse uzifihla wonke ukuba umbhali. Lomshicileli ilawula ukubonisa ukuba udale Umbhali oselula nabo banqwenela, zacela Hesse ukupapasha inoveli, phambi kokufa kwakhe.

Kuphela 1920, walibona zabhalwa Hesse. "Demian" uza isihlokwana "Imbali lolutsha Emilya Sinklera, ezibhalwe Germanom Gesse."

imbali Emil

Roman Gesse "Demian" - libali yokukhula kunye nokufuna yokomoya hero. Emil Sinkler - umfana lowo uzama uku bana phandle iingxaki zabo zengqondo, yaye isondela lo mba ukusuka kwindawo bulumko ngayo. abahlalutyi abaninzi thelekisa kwinoveli nomnye imisebenzi edume Goethe - "The Usizi of Young Werther".

Esakhula le Emile oselula ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha umsebenzi Hesse "Demian". Ngesakhiwo ubalisa ibali kukukhangela hero. Nkqu eneminyaka elishumi, umntwana ebukele abadala Ukucingisisisa okwenziweyo. Nge nyathelo ngalinye, yena uziva ukuzithemba, isimilo sakhe ukuzuza amandla.

Imihlaba ezimbini

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, Emil uvakalelwa ukuba uhlala ngo imihlaba emibini. One - friendly, ezifudumeleyo ecacileyo, elube lufuna ngamandla oyindoda kunye nobuhle nemazi. Okwesibini - a emnyama, balelwa nobubi, kodwa umdla nomtsalane.

Ekuqaleni ibali, wadibana nomnye umfana abaphezulu Frantsem Kromerom, a ukungcungcuthekisayo kunye nobuqhophololo. Ukuze unokumthemba yakhe kwaye abe zakho kule nkampani, Emil qulunqa ibali malunga ukuba nabahlobo kutshanje baphanga apile kwigadi yeziqhamo, wabulala iingxowa ezimbini zeziqhamo ezigqwesileyo. Nangona kunjalo, a ubuxoki engazisi isiphumo oyifunayo. Cromer waqala blackmailing Emile kwaye ifuna ukuba ahlawule, ngoko loo nto azibonisi ibali kumnini kuwo umyezo, leyo kudala ndifuna namasela, nkqu nomvuzo iintlobo ezimbini.

Emil breaks ibhanki yakhe kwiSabi kwaye ithwala yonke imali yakhe, yonke imali yakhe, kodwa akukho ekufikelelwa kunye brand efanayo. Franz akavumi ukwamkela iipeni kwaye kufuna kuphela isixa esipheleleyo. Uchaza ukubandezeleka Emil ngokweenkcukacha emsebenzini wakhe German Gesse "Demian". Ushwankathe- isixelela ukuba Emil ubona indlela kuphela - ukuba imali evela kubazali babo. Okokuba uyayiba kwaye uziva ngathi ngakumbi enincokola ehlabathini emnyama. amabi kwakhe kunye nokukhathazeka, liya lisiba ivaliwe yaye yavalwa.

uKayin

Le Isimntwiso leyesibini ihlabathi esalelweyo lo umfundi omtsha wesikolo ka-Emile, igama lakhe kuzisa header Hesse - Demian. Le ncwadi isixelela ukuba inkangeleko yakhe umdla omkhulu kubo bonke nabo. Kubonakala kubo ekrelekrele, eqolile ngaphezu koontanga.

Xa uhamba Demian uxelela Emil oyitolika welivo yebhayibhile kaKayin noAbheli. vzgyad umdla kule bali inikeza, umsebenzi wakhe German Gesse "Demian". Uphindo ukuba emva kokukhutshwa kwinoveli waya abathandi uncwadi, ababesithi uKayin - indoda elunge, neAbhele - xi lavaka. Ngokutsho UDamien, ekuqaleni kwebali yonke satywina ukuba uKayin. Azibonakali, kodwa bonke abantu bavakalelwa kukuba akomelela, siqinisekile, ukhaliphe kubo. ke ukuba achaze oko yodwa ibali elibuntsomi nomzalwana wakhe.

Ngethuba intlanganiso yesibini Damian izama Emile ikhono labo engqondweni-ukufunda. Lowo uqikelela ukuba Sinclair uphantsi kweempembelelo eFransi, kodwa uyakwazi ukuba baqinisekise ukuba ezi ngxaki azinamsebenzi. Emil luqina imincili, kodwa yena akakwazi kuziva enombulelo Demian. Endaweni yoko, ukuba ubaleka kwenye ukudakumba, uvalelwe ihlabathi abazali bakhe nangokukhulayo ukusuka nabahlobo esikolweni.

yobudala Uyafa

Nzima amava elivisayo sichaza inoveli yakhe Hesse "Demian". Abalinganiswa abaphambili bawele ukufikisa. Emil uvakalelwa ukuba utshintsha, kodwa bathi bona ehlabathini emnyama ububi. iminqweno yabo eyenza abayithintelayo ngokuya kuba nzima.

Kulo mhlaba yaqinisa ubuhlobo Demian. Emile ubona kuye umoya nayo. Sinclair ngokukhethekileyo yindlela ithuba Demian ukulawula abantu ukubheka ukuba ukuthanda kwakhe.

Uye umbono wakhe oluthile lonqulo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, uThixo yezibhalo - abangafezekanga kwaye dim-uyiZisa umlinganiswa kuba limela nje kwisiqingatha elungileyo yehlabathi. Ngelixa yesibini, isiqingatha ububi, imela ngumtyholi.

Emil kufutshane lo mbono, kuba uvakalelwa ayiphikisani kwawo amaphakade, eqonda ngoku ukuba akukho impixano yakhe buqu kunye nengxaki lonke uluntu.

Ezi ngcinga ukhokela umfundi kunye Hesse. "Demian", ogama umxholo ibonakalisa izimvo umbhali, uthi wonke umntu ngokuzimeleyo isigqibo oko kuvunyelwa yaye yintoni akuvumelekanga. Phila imithetho yabo kwaye musa ukukhangela abanye abantu, nkqu ukuba ukujonga ngokomlomo.

Beatrice

I-Emil oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala uya kufunda kwisikolo esibhodisayo. Nomhlobo omtsha, Alfons Beck, eyona senior phakathi afunda nabo, yena ufunda yokuqala kodwa enye isono - ukusela.

Kulo mzekelo, Sinclair iyaqhubeka ukuba kufikwa. Kwelinye icala, uyaqonda ukuba ngakumbi enincokola ehlabathini ebumnyameni, kwelinye - kunqwenelwa ukukhanya kunye nothando olunyulu.

Ingongoma esitsha ungquzulwano iba intlanganiso kunye nebhinqa eliselula, uBeatrice. Noko ke, umfanekiso waloo nto etsomo. Nokuba ngaphandle kokufunda wabe, Emil ufunda yakhiwe ukupeyinta yakhe IsiNgesi, apho wayesoloko wayisa kunye naye. Eqalisa ukunikela iseti yakhe enhle ngemizobo. "Демиан" Герман Гессе. Kwaye apha kwakhona kukho inoveli emangalisayo "Demian" UHerman Hesse. Okubhalwe kwezi mizobo ibonisa ukuba iimpawu linguBeatrice ocishe UDamien. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ngokunzulu elangazelela ukuba umhlobo wakhe.

Le ntaka kukhethwa kwindlwane

Kungekudala Emil efumanise izinto intwana yakhe encinane iphepha kwi zazo Akukwazi kwi amagama yokuqala ukuba ntaka ekhethiweyo iqanda, nto leyo ihlabathi. Ke ukuba umntu ofuna ukuba azalwe, kufuneka kutshabalalisa eli hlabathi ayindulule intaka kuThixo - Abraxas.

Le akungenxa Emil ayaziwa, Noko ke, sele kwisifundo esilandelayo efumanisa ukuba ngumlinganiswa lowo idibanisa laphezulu imvelaphi ezimbi. Inzala kwi akungenxa ngephanyazo akuvuka, kodwa uphendlo kwi elayibrari lilize.

Itshintsha imeko xa Emil idibana organist Pistorius, nabo banqula izithixo. Yena eqinisekisa Sinclair uxhomekeke kuphela izimvo zabo, ukuba isigqibo ukuba kunokwenzeka kweli hlabathi, yaye yintoni akuvumelekanga. Pistorius imibuzo ukholo lwamaKristu.

Ekuqaleni ekupheleni

Emva kokuphumelela esikolweni Emile engena eyunivesithi. Funda ukuba Iyandikhathaza ufumana intuthuzelo kuyo, nto leyo efuna ulwazi. Таким образом, госпожа Ева, Демиан и Синклер образуют гармоничное сообщество, которое чувствует себя соединенным законами Каина. Kodwa ke wadibana unina UDamien, lowo wonke ubiza Mam Evoyu Ngoko, uNks Eva UDamien Sinclair kunye ngokumanyeneyo uluntu ukuba uziva idityaniswe imithetho kaKayin. Bobabini, bakulungele nawuphi na, kwaye ilenze avule.

Emil Sinkler lushwankathela lonke ulwazi lwakhe ukutsala uEva, wamthanda, kuye, kodwa ngeli xesha iinguqu ezinkulu ehlabathini iqala. I-World War Okokuqala ... World, yonke kubonakala ukuba ukuba lungasebenzi. Abahlobo wathumela ngokwahlukeneyo emfazweni.

Ixesha lokugqibela Emil UDamien badibana kwisibhedlele emkhosini. Demian isinika wamanga ndlelantle ukusuka kumama wakhe, yaye kusasa iphele. Noko ke, Emil bonke ukusukela yokutshintsha. Ngoku UDamien iba yinxalenye kuyo, yaye ekugqibeleni ukulungele ukwenza ukhetho, nihambe indlela yabo.

Isakhiwo nokubuyekezwa

Le noveli ibandakanya ulawulo kunye neentloko ezisibhozo, nganye babonelelwa header. Intshayelelo wayefuna ukwenza umfundi kholwa babe Emile - munhu wa xiviri, omnye wethu.

Ingxelo ngumntu wokuqala, nto leyo kwakhona ingqina ukuba imveliso kakhulu ngokuphila kwakhe.

I inoveli "Demian" Hesse wafumana ingxelo entle zombini ukusuka bexesha kunye readers yangoku. Classic iincwadi German Thomas Mann, ingakumbi, wabhala ukuba lo msebenzi waba phezu kwakhe nempembelelo ulibaleke ugesi.