Battle of Konotop 1659: Ubuxoki Nenyaniso

Ekubeni ukufa Bogdana Hmelnitskogo Ukraine wajongana ngomnye mathuba ezininzi ezibuhlungu kwimbali yawo, xa imisebenzi zomkhosi lwaqhutywa kulo lonke nommandla wayo, kunye nomkhosi Cossack nabaphetheyo ezopolitiko kwahlulwa ngokwamaqela eziliqela. Intshabalalo wazalwa ngenxa yeenkqubo njongo, yaye ubukhulu enkulu ngenxa nkqubo nabanorhatyazo elifutshane of uninzi lwamagosa Cossack, akakwazi khetha inkokheli kokuzifaneleyo umoya ungasekhoyo Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Omnye kwabo sibe intloko omtsha Ukraine Ivan Vygovskyy, italente yomkhosi ezavela kwenye kruthakruthwano inkulu emkhosini kummandla Ukraine - Konotop (Sosnovskaya) imfazwe.

Amacala kwemfazwe Konotop

Battle of Konotop ngo-1659 kwenzeka ehlotyeni, emaqeleni phakathi ezilalini Shapovalovka Sosnovka. Amaqela kube stopyatidesyatitysyachnaya umkhosi ekhokelwa yi-Prince Trubetskoy, ngenkxaso webutho Prince Romodovskogo, kwelinye icala, kunye nomkhosi Ukrainian Cossack eyayikhokelwa Hetman Ivanom Vygovskim. Ngenxa yoko, malunga 45,000 abafileyo ilahleko iyonke ekulweni imikhosi ezimbini: 30,000 yi Trubetskoy, kwaye 15,000 yi Vygovskogo.

Bubhalwe lokulwa kwimbali

idabi Konotop ngokusebenzisa amehlo mbali Russian ngathi ukoyiswa abaninzi bafa amajoni eMoscow kaThixo. Ulwazi malunga neli dabi kakhulu kancinane, kususela phando lwenziwa kwinqanaba ubuncinane. Ezininzi iincwadi zembali kunye neencwadi, yaye eli dabi engakhankanywanga. Ngoko ke, kukho inkcazelo ezingquzulanayo malunga nendlela kwaye oko kwenzeka ngenxa Konotop edabini. Iintsomi izibakala exutywe phezulu omnye nomnye, kwaye ufumane inyaniso malunga umzuzu ethile okanye iziganeko ezincinane phantse akunakwenzeka. ESoviet Union kwakukho izithintelo kuxoxwe kokwahlulwa yabantu Ukrainian kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe kwi pro-eMoscow ikhondo anti-eMoscow.

Lokhetho Hetman Vygovskogo

Ivan Vygovskyy weza ngokusesikweni wangumlawuli Ukraine phakathi-Agasti 1657. Isihloko kunobhala jikelele Hetman Ivan Vygovskyy wavuma iPalamente amagosa ', ku Chigirin. Enye umviwa ebengekho uYuri Khmelnitsky, unyana omncinane Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Noko ke, ukongezelela ubudlelwane kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinkulu hetman uYuri angaphezu kuyimfuneko ukuba silawule ilizwe, ndandingenayo. Akukho sivune candidacy wakhe, wathi usemncinane Khmelnitsky-abancinane.

imibono politiko Vygovskogo

New Hetman akazange aqale ziqondeka Cossacks zesiqhelo. Esinye sezizathu ithathwa ngokuba imvelaphi Vygovskogo kunye elidlulileyo yakhe. Ivan - livela uhlobo Volyn iindwalutho. I ekuqaleni-Clerk isikhundla Polish yoMkomishinala, owathetha nxamnye Cossacks eUkraine. Rhode Vygovskaya naye iingcambu iindwalutho Polish. Kwakhona, le Cossacks, ngubani balwela geqe Ukrainian, bakhathazeka umnqweno ukunika Hetman Little Russia entsha phantsi Protectorate ka Rzeczpospolita. Ngokutsho iinguqulelo omnye lungaqinisekiswanga Vygovskyy wavakalisa isigqibo sakhe ngethuba emngcwabeni wakhe Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Ideas ukulahlwa eMoscow kunye Ukraine wokujoyina kumazwe Ukrainian ePoland, yena nabo kunye Ambassador of the Commonwealth Kazimirom Benevskim. Oku kwaziwa eMoscow Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Noko ke, ukumkani nokuchaneka yokuba ncoko wasibeka mbuzo kunye ngoyaba. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, wathumela umyalezo zibhalelwe Martin Pushkar, Poltava sashiya kunye Yakovu Barabashu, Ataman Cossack amajoni. Intambo Alexei Mikhailovich wayalela ukuba ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo kunye nemiyalelo yendlu yowiso-hetman entsha kwaye uphephe noqhankqalazo.

Pereyaslav Symbol and Vygovskogo nempi

Vygovskyy Kwakhona wabonisa iinjongo zakhe ngokuphathelele eya kumda wesangqa Polish. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kuzo entsha Pereiaslav Symbol, owafika ebusweni Russian Ambassador melly Khitrova, Hetman Vygovskyy bazithoba imeko Muscovite kunye nokumkani. Kukholelwa ukuba idatha isenzo sezozakuzo yena ngabom wazola ngukumkani. Xa umlinganiselo isiqabu yolawulo evela eMoscow uIvan laseka ubudlelwane obuhle bezozakuzo kunye eCrimea balinqabisa ukunyaniseka yomkhosi Khan kaThixo. Kwakhona waqalisa ukomeleza umkhosi. Inxalenye ye-Ofisi kaNondyebo Cossack, ishiye Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, uye wachitha kwi ekudalweni sempi nanceba. Malunga nesigidi engange zachithwa nokugaywa amajoni imvelaphi waseJamani kunye Polish.

Ngelo xesha baqala ukwandisa zoqhankqalazo yasekhaya Ukraine. Kunyaka wokuqala Hetmanat Vygovskogo, ngenxa yemfazwe yamakhaya, malunga 50,000 babulawe. Umlo wathabatha indawo kwizixeko ezifana Gadyach, Lubny, Mirgorod kunye nezinye iindawo zokuhlala -bank ngasekhohlo Ukraine.

I koMlawuli, akuba ngomsebenzi ekuhambeni imicimbi, wathumela Ukraine Governor Gregory Romadovskogo, ikhokelwa ngu umkhosi ebalulekileyo Russian. ubukho eMoscow e Kiev, iye ndomelezeka, njengoko kuchaziwe kwisivumelwano Pereyaslavskaya. E Kiev, yena wamisa lamabutho Basil Shemeteva.

isivumelwano Gadyatskaya ne Poland kunye ekuqaleni ukungquzulana yokuqala

ngxabano Vula nxamnye eMoscow yaqala ekwindla yokuqala-1858, xa Kwagqitywa isivumelwano soxolo kunye izibonda, kwi Gadyach (ebizwa ngokuba Gadyachsky uxolo isivumelwano). Le mvumelwano ibandakanya intshukumo kwi Ukraine kumandla Commonwealth, kunye Vygovskyy waqalisa ukulungiselela imfazwe nxamnye neRashiya. Malunga ukungcatshwa Vygovskogo uthi umkhumbuzi Samoilo Velichko. Wabiza ngqo Hetman ngumtyholwa ekonakaleni kunye imfazwe elide kwi Ukraine.

Okokuqala, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukwenza i "inkululeko" of Kiev ukusuka ikampu Sheremet. Noko ke, wathumela ukuba umsebenzi Vygovskogo umninawa uDaniyeli ayiphumelelanga umsebenzi. Ngubani weza kumnceda Ivan Vygovskyy ngokwakhe wayithimba. Phantsi koxinzelelo, ekuthinjweni, yena waphinda zonke ukunyaniseka ukuya Moscow, ethembisa ngaxeshanye ukunyibilikisa umkhosi mercenaries kunye nangezinto. Ukukholelwa la mazwi, ukumkani wamxolela waza wakhululwa Vygovskogo.
Kungekudala Ivan yahlasela umkhosi Romodanovsky. Emva kokufunda ezi zicwangciso, kwagqitywa ukuthumela ukunceda Romodanovsky ukusekelwa mahlanu, ikhokelwa ngu-Prince Trubetskoy. umkhosi Trubetskoy kaThixo wahlasela ukuya Konotop enqabeni, ukuthatha indlela Silver.

Nasekuxinweni of Konotop

Troubetzkoy iye Washumayela kunye ezishelifini kunye Romodanovsky Bespaly ngoFebruwari 1659. Phakathi-Epreli, umkhosi eMoscow uze Konotop, kunye Aprili 21 baqalisa neziqhushumbisi kunye zokungqinga. idabi Konotop ngo-1659 kwachazwa ababephila njenge idabi fratricidal. Ngaphezu koko, lo mkhosi, walwa macala omabini, yayinamahewu Ukraine Russian, oko kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo kuphantse kulingana.
imephu Old of Konotop imfazwe kunika uluvo lokuba edabini. Konotop ngoxa inqaba namasango ezine umnyango. Waye Wayengqongwe umsele macala mabini. Kwakhona yi vala elinye inqaba, kunye macala amathathu engqongwe ungqameko kunye msele, umlambo wesine zaschischennnoe Konotop. Ekampini ezinqabeni liqulethe amawaka amane Cossacks ze regiments eziliqela.

impi Konotop

June 27, 1659, kwilali Shapovalovka, waqalisa ukungqubana kwemihla yokuqala phakathi yomkhosi kunye eMoscow Vygovskogo umkhosi. Kwezi yangqubana imikhosi eMoscow wabandezeleka umonakalo omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi data engangqinelaniyo kunye uyaphikisana nabanye ababephila. Kukholelwa ukuba emva kwedabi yomkhosi eMoscow lwaphaphatheka, ukufumana amahashe Vygovskogo ne-29 Juni kusasa, kufutshane kwilali Sosnovka kunye Shepetivka, oko yaqala phantsi idabi waya imbali Idabi Konotop 1659.

Imikhosi ephantsi kolawulo Pozharsky bahlohlwa kumgibe phakathi kwemilambo ezimbini. Le ndawo iphawulwa linani elikhulu nemigxobhozo. Ngoko ke, cross-amajoni lonakele. Pozharsky waba yingozi ukuvuthela amajoni iCrimea Khan ngasemva. Ngenxa yale hlaselo, njengoko uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo baseRashiya owamahashe ezilahlekileyo ezintlanu ukuya kumashumi amathathu amawaka abantu bafa. Pozharsky ukuzethemba idlale trick phezu kwakhe. Ukuqala hlaselo ibingakulungelanga. Pozharsky akazange nokuba ndinikhathaze ukuqhuba sokuhlola. Ngenxa yoko, inkokheli wayengafundanga, yathinjwa Khan waza wabulawa.

EMoscow amabutho yokuyeka

umkhosi Muscovite phantsi kobunkokheli Trubetskoy kwenzeka inkunkuma ehlelelwe Putivl. Kokoyiswa Konotop waba engalindelekanga for eMoscow. Kwakulindeleke ukuba nabaphumi-iCrimea Khan emva ntshinga kuya kuye. Noko ke, nangezinto yaba zaphuma kunye Vygovsky waza waqalisa kuphanga isixeko Little Russia. Kwaye Yaphela kwemfazwe Konotop. Ngubani na oya le mpi? Noko ke, azuzeke umkhosi Hetman Vygovskogo, imiphumo yale loyiso kwakhokelela ukuba kwempahla kweli lizwe yi-nangezinto.

Oku kwakukholelwa akuyi kuba emva kokuba ukoyiswa enjalo Alexis akwazi ukuba bahlanganise umkhosi onamandla, kodwa kwakungenjalo. July 28, 1659 i iCrimea Khan wagxothwa imigudu Ukraine of Don Cossacks Yakovlev amajoni Ataman Sirko kunye nabalingane owayesakuba Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ifuthe "ukulawula" i iCrimea khan kakhulu saba Ukraine. Kule kukho iwayini Hetman Vygovskogo.

Battle of Konotop. History of the Cossacks kunye hetman elandelayo

Sele phakathi ku-Oktobha, endaweni Ivan omtsha yakhethwa Hetman likaYurii Khmelnytsky, owakhuliswa Alekseem Trubetskim. Vygovskyy kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuphela edabini watyholwa izibonda lokungcatsha baza babulawa.