Island impikiswano. Tarabarova ayisekho kwimaphu, yena ngoku Inlundao. Island Tarabarov eyanikwa China. Ukwahlulwa umda Russian-Chinese

Kuba ubukho naluphi na uluntu nemibutho kufuna intsimi ethile. Ngaphezu koko, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza belizwe kufuneka ilawulwe izenzo karhulumente. Kodwa ke oku, njengoko imbali ibonisa, akwanelanga. Ukhuseleko kunye nesidima lizwe ukwamkhulu kuphela xa imida yayo ichazwe ngokucacileyo kunye nabameli lonke uluntu ehlabathini ezaziwayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto iingxabano indawo kuhlala enye yeengxaki ebalulekileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle karhulumente ngamnye.

Abasekho ngaphandle kunye namandla kakhulu ezifana ne-Russia, China. Ekuqaleni, phakathi kwabo walala ebukhulu wabo omkhulu entlango okanye kwiindawo gqa. Northern phesheya China i-Wall Omkhulu. Namhlanje, ukuba kumi kude Kumda langoku. Umgama ingaphezulu kwewaka kweekhilomitha. Kakade ke, kwaba kudala. Emva koko ke Chinese akwazi nokuba acinge ukuba Amur River kwimephu iya kuba kumnombo yomlambo imeko yabo naseRashiya. Ngapha koko, ngaloo mihla, ezi imimandla ekhaya ukuya Manchus imfazwe. Kwaye ke abantu kude kuhlale Han Chinese - lomthonyama Chinese.

Umda mde emhlabeni

Imbali wenze izilungiso kwayo, yaye namhlanje sinokuthi Russia neChina - ezimbini ubukhosi, wangena kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini njengoko amazwe amabini angabamelwane. Umda esemthethweni phakathi kwabo sele ngaphezu kwekhulu elinamanci mathathu iminyaka. Ngowe-1860, Beijing watyikitya isivumelwano apho "ngoku nangonaphakade" yabhalwa umda kwamazwe amabini.

Russia neChina - amazwe amabini, ubude komda yona inkulu ehlabathini. Kuyinto umgca kweekhilomitha ezingamawaka alishumi. Iqala ukusuka kwindawo kwemida Russia, China kunye Afghanistan kunye nendawo ophela sosedstvovaniya Russia, China kunye Korea.

yokuhlala umda

Amalungiselelo Beijing isivumelwano kwenkulungwane ye-19 namhlanje aye kwezinye iinguqulelo. Zabo zihlaziyiwe, ukuba ikhutshwa phandle ekwahlulweni imida. Eli gama lithetha egcina kwimida ekhoyo phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Isizathu sokuba oku kutshintsha olungaselunxwemeni, umhlaba njalo njalo. D. Noko ke, nemida yee-umda Russian-Chinese kuye kwenzeka ngenxa zophicotho kunye ngokutsha imida ukwabela ekhoyo.

Ekuqhubeni le misebenzi kwenziwa yinto yokuba ngendalo. Ngoko ke, iminyaka eli-130, ukususela wokutyikitywa kwesivumelwano Beijing, watshintsha indlela yayo inkungu umlambo. Iye yaba ukuba bathwale amanzi babo kummandla Russia. Ukongeza, le documentary watyhila ezingachanekanga ekufumaneni amanqaku Kumda kokubini kunye norhulumente yesibini.

Kwinxalenye esempuma komda

Izigaba ukuba abe phakathi kwabo, eRashiya kunye neTshayina, yahlulwe imimandla emibini. Kwinxalenye esempuma lomgca umda karhulumente le iqala kufuphi lwabo eMongolia. Ubude yezi kwawu bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amane kweekhilomitha.

Nangona yesivumelwano Beijing ngo-1860, umba umda akavukanga kanye mazwe mabini. Balani umgca phakathi China neRashiya ngokuphindaphindiweyo beqhutywa kwabasemagunyeni kunye nabantu omabini la mazwe. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho imfuneko ukuze kubuyiselwe kwimida njengoko busisigxina ukusayinwa nezivumelwano ezahlukeneyo.

imbali sosedstvovaniya

Phantse ubude balo lonke phakathi kumda osempuma amagunya ezimbini ezinkulu wathabatha kwaye udlula namhlanje, kuphi na Amur River kwimaphu, yaye apho ukugeleza komfula Argun kunye Ussuri. Noko ke, de 1992 ayikhange ngokwemida phantsi le layini ngokufanelekileyo. Kude 1931 umlambo umda waba imo yokuhla free. Ezibhedini zawo zokuqhubekela ngokukhululekileyo amanzi ithetha zombini ezi meko. Ukongeza, umlambo ezininzi iziqithi uninhabited ayefana co-owned.

Yonke into yatshintsha emva kokuqalisa bundlobongela Japanese nxamnye China, yaye emva kokusekwa le phaphethi karhulumente ka Manchukuo. Ngokuba yiSoviet Union kwaba isoyikiso esicacileyo kukhuseleko. Kungenxa yoko le nto urhulumente wethu kwafuneka ukumisela ulawulo olungqongqo phezu kummandla lomlambo. Ekuqaleni, lo isisombululo asixhomekekanga esingenakubangela naliphi na inkcaso evela eTshayina. Kodwa i-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane esidlulileyo baqala ukwandisa ngezikhondo zamehlo phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Kungenxa yoko le nto ulawulo yiSoviet phezu kwiindawo amanzi imilambo umda iye yaba umthombo enkulu kwiingozi.

indawo uphikise

Ngethuba lothetha-thethwano phakathi USSR ne China kangangexesha elide yaxoxa ulongamo amacandelo eziliqela. Eyokuqala imimandla emibini kummandla Chita. Esi siqithi enkulu kangangoko, ibekwe kwi Argun River, ibekwe iikhilomitha mane kumzantsi-mpuma kwidolophu Zabaikalsk. ukubaluleka kwayo ngokuba iRashiya omkhulu. Isiqithi inxibelelanisa ilizwe lethu kunye China kunye Mongolia. Ukongeza, isayithi owona mthombo wamanzi okusela kwidolophu Krasnokamensk yabantu kwintsimi evelisa phantse 90 ekhulwini uranium.

Inxalenye yesibini impikiswano zibekwa kummandla Chita sisiqithi Menkeseli. Waba impikiswano emva Argun watshintsha indlela yayo, sijike km umkhondo-5 ukuya emntla.

Kwakhona iimbambano phakathi Russia neChina ezibe kwiindawo ezimbini iyavuma Territory. Eyokuqala kuzo - kwisiqithi Great Ussuriysk. Lo mmandla ibekwe ecaleni ngqo yaseKhabarovsk - imizi emikhulu Russian kwiMpuma Ekude.

Phephezela impikiswano kunye siqithi Tarabarova. Ayikho kude iyavuma. Esi siqithi indawo enkulu. Ukongeza, ngeenxa zonke linani elikhulu kwezinye iziqithi kunye ziqithi. Uninzi lwabo apho umlambo Ussuri lungena ngokukhululekileyo Amur. Tarabarova island got igama layo ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo. Emva koko, ngowe-1912, endaweni yayo, wazinza nentsapho yakhe waza waqalisa kwifama kukho umfama nzima ukusebenza. Igama lakhe Sergey Maksimovich Tarabarov. Ngokusesikweni, le siqithi kunyakamali yiSoviet Union ngowe-1929 phakathi komzi kwaye i-Big Ussuri.

Umthombo izehlo kodini nemimandla ezintathu kummandla Primorsky. Eli candelo:

• kufuphi Lake Khanka;
• ifomu P-ezimise nge Poltavka kufutshane.

Le ndawo yesithathu iqulathe iziqwenga ezimbini ezincinane yomhlaba, kwindawo entla Lake Khasan.

Zonke ezi nkalo zingasentla zibalulekile iRussia ngokwalo kwezoqoqosho. Kungenxa yoko le nto ekuqaleni phantsi kolawulo ngqo. Ukongeza, i-siqithi Tarabarova kunye neendawo ezinkulu Big Ussuri elime kule ngingqi ikuyo le iyavuma, yaye ngoko, lukhuselwe kwimeko uhlaselo exhobileyo.

Izigqibo

izivumelwano Ngowe-1991, phakathi China kunye iRussia yasayina zigqityiwe icandelo esempuma emdeni. Kwaye emva konyaka, kuloo ndawo aqalisa ukuba bavelise umda. Ngenxa yoko, umda phakathi kwamagunya ezimbini ezinkulu zenziwa ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo emhlabeni. Wonke umsebenzi lwaqhutywa kunye inxaxheba leKhomishini wadala ngokukodwa woCando lweMida, apho kwakukho abameli omabini la mazwe.

Kuba okokuqala kwimbali imida kunye Mongolia ukuya emlanjeni. Yinkungu iye yafakwa istampu 1184 intsika. Umgama phakathi kwabo 1.5-3 km, yaye kunye embi kwezinye iindawo -. 300-500 m iye kwakhona igqekeziwe ezimbalwa ezilikhulu eekhilomitha le glades, ngabunye baze inani elikhulu zobunjineli eziphelelwe lixesha. Nabachatshazelwa yi kwemida kunye indawo umlambo. Kwiindawo umda Amur kunye Ussuri isixa esikhulu ngokwemilinganiso lokuhlola amanzi kuthwalelwa phandle, yaye ikhweyitha of Lake Khanka efakiweyo buoys.

imisebenzi Demarcation ebengaveli ixesha kuphela elide kodwa yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, abemi balapho Russian isiqithi China, ibekwe kwi kumda, ingqalelo ummandla nesiko Russian. Ngapha koko, eli lizwe baye esetyenziselwa iinjongo zoshishino yabo. Kunjalo, yonke imisebenzi yenziwe ngokungqinelana izivumelwano ezisayiniweyo phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Isisombululo ngempumelelo kwimiba yaba negalelo elikhulu ekomelezeni ubuhlobo phakathi Russia neChina, kwakunye nokuqiniswa uzinzo kule ngingqi.

Ukugqitywa nemida

Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali ubudlelwane phakathi Russia kunye China kwenzeka ekwindla ka-2004 ngo-Oktobha 14 eBeijing wasayina esinye isivumelwano malunga sicatshulwa umda wasempuma. Yaba ekupheleni iingxabano indawo yawo phakathi kwamazwe amabini.

Ngokutsho kwisivumelwano esatyikitywa, yaye inxalenye siqithi Tarabarova Big Ussuri Island wafudukela China.

Imbali umba iphikiswayo

Ngubani na ophethe siqithi Tarabarova kunye inxalenye Big Ussuri, Russia, China nako ukusombulula ngo-1964 saye saqalisa bebanga indawo phakathi amagunya ezikhulu zazibini, leyo isekho de kube sekupheleni.

Ukuze ufumane enye, yaye isiqithi umlambo wesibini, amaTshayina yaqala imfazwe nxamnye zokunkcenkceshela eSoviet Union. Yena waba izikhukhula rhoqo ukuhamba Kazakevichevo Uvele ngesanti. Injongo yomsebenzi enjalo ulwalathiso imibhobho kwi siqithi kwaye uqhagamshelwano wayo kunxweme Chinese. Kulo mzekelo, isiqithi Great Ussuri kunye Tarabarova ngokuzenzekelayo bekuya kuba kummandla China. Kodwa lo mbono ukuba bahlulekile, njengoko baseRashiya rhoqo nzulu ezantsi Amur nokomeleza Ugu. Yaba isivumelwano kuphela ngo-2004 yazisa kuphelisa zokunkcenkceshela imfazwe elide.

Oko waya China?

Ngokutsho izivumelwano ezisayiniweyo, eRashiya zizaku nikezelwa kudweliso angabamelwane urhulumente Tarabarova siqithi. Banikwa China kunye nenxalenye yasentshona Big Ussuri (it yahlulwa malunga ngokulinganayo). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le mimandla - liphondo Heilongjiang.

Njengokuba ngoku udlula umda? Xa yinxalenye Big Ussuri, kwakunye siqithi Tarabarov eyanikwa eTshayina, umda phakathi kwamazwe amabini baqalisa ukuya kugqitha kumkunyela wonkxweme iyavuma. Yaye emyezweni balapho, ibekwe kwi Big Ussuri, wahlala kwicala Russian. Ezinye Chinese njengelifa. Zonke Russia wayewanike ilizwana elikufuphi 337 ezikwere zeekhilomitha kwindawo yayo.

Yintoni eye yatshintsha emva kokukhutshelwa ntsimi?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngayo. Tarabarova kunye inxalenye Big Ussuri - kwisiqithi Chinese. Elingummelwane lizwe sisondela yaseKhabarovsk ngqo amahlanu leekhilomitha. Eku sunguleni, Russia Big Ussuri ekhuselweyo ekuhlaselweni yomkhosi. indawo awo enqatyisiweyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, emkhosini ushiye zonke izakhiwo zobunjineli wafudukela kwinkampu entsha.

Le ingaka ibatsalayo engundoqo yingcwele Big Ussuri Orthodox, eyakhiwe imbeko yaseSt uVictor. AmaTshayina livelana amanqugwala zethu zonqulo ufuduswe umke nomda zetempile.

Namhlanje ummandla cast Russia, ngokutsho kwisivumelwano ka 2004 - yi Fuyuan County, kwiPhondo Heilongjiang. siqithi Russian Tarabarova kunye Big Ussuri - ngayo. Inpundao ngayo. Heysyantszydao.

Lithabathele ezantsi lise entla kula mazwe sele wakha kwindlela enkulu. kukho ulwakhiwo elikhutheleyo "abaninzi Pagoda empuma" kunye ngecala lasentshonalanga. Le nqaba multi-ibali, efikelela kubude 81 m, ukanti imilo square. ngezakhiwo na indlela Tang Dynasty kunye noHananiya. Pagoda eya kuvuka nje phambi Chapel of St. Victor, uya kunika umqondiso ocacileyo intsimi, China ezifunyenweyo. Ende kakhulu kangangokuba oko kubonakala kwilali Russian, ibekwe kwithafa umkhukula i Amur.

Kufuneka ke ukuba itshintshile indawo yayo ngokwezelizwe indawo yasempuma China. Ngaphambili, yena waye kwidolophana Usu, yaye ngoku sele bafudukela kwisiqithi Heysyantszy. Ngenxa yoko, i-Chinese baqalisa kubulisa ilanga liphuma kwi imizuzwana amahlanu anesibhozo ngaphambili.

I siqithi ukutyelelwa ngabakhenkethi abavela kumazwe zombini. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2015 inani malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi abahambi.

imithombo yendalo adluliselwe imimandla

Tarabarova Island, kwakunye Big Ussuri, iye ezweni esisityebi. Ukuya ku asixhenxe ekhulwini kwindawo zabo zingasetyenziswa zasemadlelweni, hayfields kunye namazwe olimekayo. Ukongeza, i-siqithi likhaya izilwanyana ezinoboya-langa, kunye ungulates kunye zasemanzini. Kukho kwezi ntlobo mazwe ezidweliswe kwi-Red kwiNcwadi waseUSSR, Russia kunye Union International. uluhlu lwabo luquka: crane Japanese namnyama, nengwamza omnyama, nenkuku yamanzi irhanisi, isiMandarini idada, ufudo leatherback kunye eMpuma Ekude, etc ...

Amachibi zizandyondyo kunye amanzi Amur River kunye imibhobho zayo abanobutyebi iintlanzi. Kukho apha neentlobo ezikhuselweyo. Le iphezulu Chinese-Auha kunye zeCARP emnyama. Ehlabathini iziqithi yenza iintshukumo ngokwelizwe ekwindla chuma nesalmon kunye lamprey.

Ewe, China utyebile umhlaba kwiCEMIS. Nangona kunjalo, kwicala Russian ukholelwa ukuba, ngokubhekiselele kwezoqoqosho, ayizange zilimale ezibalulekileyo. Izwe lethu izicwangciso ezinkulu. Balungiselela lezithuba ezabelwe iziko ngo zindawo kommandla ngokudibeneyo urhwebo Russian-Chinese. Iza kubonelela iimeko eziqhelekileyo ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa ingeniso yorhwebo phakathi Heilongjiang kwePhondo kunye iyavuma Territory. Kwaye namhlanje mali federal sele waqalisa ukubeka mali ezifunekayo sokwakhiwa kwebhulorho kwisiqithi evela iyavuma Heysyantszy.