Likomkhulu eUnited States - New York, okanye eWashington? History of the Americas

United States - enye yeenkokheli yomncinane kwezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho phakathi kweentlanga zehlabathi. Ilizwe yazimela emva kokuba imfazwe elide, kwaye namhlanje uye ubume kwenye yeendawo ezininzi nempumelelo ukuhlala, amathuba omsebenzi kwaye baphumelela naziphi na iinjongo. Melika na imimandla yahlulwe 50 lithi kunye District of Columbia, apho ikomkhulu hlanga - Washington.

Imbali kuphuhliso lomhlaba American

Kangangexesha elide, de World Old akukho iinqanawa zifika kumanxweme of America, abemi bayo yayibandakanya ngokupheleleyo of Indians. Abantu bokuqala bazinza apha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-15,000 eyadlulayo, weza West kunye zirhuqwe ukuba kanye enxulumene wendiza kunye Eurasia. wobukumkani epheleleyo impucuko Indian eyaqhubeka de ngenkulungwane ye-15, de Hristofor Kolumb akazange ubone amazwe ezintsha, ngaphambi kwesi siganeko, baseYurophu bengazi ubukho kwelinye izwekazi. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16 baqalisa amazwe America ngu eNgilani, France, eSpeyin, eHolland kunye namanye amagunya aselwandle.

US ikoloni

Namhlanje, ukwakhiwa yobuhlanga of America ubunjwe becala owayesakuba European - IsiNgesi, Irish, IsiJamani, IsiSpanish, Dutch kunye nabanye. kwiindawo enkulu Vula ziye zabangela ukuba isiyaluyalu eningenakukholwa eYurophu, apho zonke isiqwenga somhlaba kangangeenkulungwane ziyashukuma iimfazwe wamagazi. Xa kukhangela ubomi obungcono kwi Yehlabathi Elitsha waya kakhulu amashumi amawaka abahlali, eziqhutywa isithembiso kwamagosa karhulumente ngokuxhasa iinkampani ukwenzela uphuhliso kwiindawo ezintsha.

Bamathanga owakhelwe kuyo umzi wabo, ehlahla zikaloliwe. Uninzi elikhulu US esasekwa baseYurophu. City New York, umzekelo, sakhiwa yi-Dutch besithembe ixesha ngokuba New Amsterdam. America wayesisityebi kwizimbiwa, igolide, oboya, nangenxa ummandla ochumileyo zazilele imfazwe yokwenene. Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, uzama ukukhusela indlela yabo ukusoloko ebomini, phantsi kulitshabalalisa ngenkohlakalo. Kwinkulungwane yabulala ngaphezu kwesigidi amaNdiya, kohlanga kuqhubeka logama nje abantu abamhlophe abakwazi zokuyifihla ngokupheleleyo uxhathiso. Ngexesha inani base- Melika kuye lunciphe abantu abambalwa.

Umzabalazo inkululeko impi yombango

Ngenkulungwane ye-18, amakoloni aseMelika baqalisa ukuba nempumelelo kwaye ziveze ingeniso ebonakalayo eBritani. Britain, ke, kuxhomekeke irhafu ephezulu ilizwe, nto leyo eyabangela izixholoxholo entsha kuluntu. indawo waseMelika enkulu kangangokuba umthambo ulawulo epheleleyo IsiNgesi ayaba nako, xa abasemagunyeni bendawo baqala nokukhuthaza ngokubonakalyo ingcamango ukuzimela eli lizwe.

Ngowe-1774, uBenjamin Franklin yamkele isibhengezo wokuzimela kwamalungelo oluntu kwaye waqalisa kwilinge jikelele, injongo leyo imfazwe nxamnye eNgilani. NgoJulayi 4, 1776 lwabhengezwa ukuzimela-United States of America, namhla uyakuhlala iholide enkulu yesizwe. Ngowe-1783 watyikitywa iSivumelwano Versailles, kuqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni ukuzimela eli lizwe ukususela amaNgesi, kodwa ke Dzhordzh Vashington, apho Liberation Army ufikelele loyiso, wonyulelwa ngumongameli wokuqala. Ilizwe ke ibe 13 ithi. Kwakukho ngumbuzo, Ungowawuphi na umzi uya kuba 'ikomkhulu eUnited States "- New York okanye eWashington. Esi sigqibo senziwe egameni Washington. Ngowe-1800 waba likomkhulu ezisemthethweni lilizwe elizimeleyo.

Inkqubo ngokwamkelwa komgaqo-siseko iye elide ngenxa yokungavumelani kweyisa kuluntu: emantla abantu untsundu ubukhulu becala ezamahala, ngoxa southerners ngokucacile akazange afune yokuphelisa ubukhoboka. Ngenxa yoko, longquzulwano neziphumo kwimfazwe yamakhaya eyaphela ngo 1865, uloyiso entla - abemi abamnyama lizwe namalungelo afanayo njengabanye yabemi.

States kanye kwezihloko

Okwangoku wokuzimela kwe-USA liqulethe ithi 13 kuphela: indawo kuvulwa, ilizwe ethengwe kwezinye bamathanga (i-French, iSpanish) okanye oyiswe. Iimfazwe zazilwela ikakhulu kumazantsi - umhlaba Mexican eqhotyoshelweyo California zabanjwa. Inxalenye yokugqibela eUnited States ngowe-1959, zeHawaii Islands.

karhulumente nganye ikomkhulu yayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko sazivelela ngokwembali, kuphela kwezinye ithi, eyona nto iphambili sesona sixeko sikhulu kwaye ahambele phambili. Ngokomzekelo, xa saseNew York-dolophu yase Albany, abemi bawo amaxesha 80 ngaphantsi kwe kwisiXeko saseNew York. A indawo ekhethekileyo kule nkqubo ithatha ikomkhulu US. New York okanye Washington ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo yayilikomkhulu eli lizwe. Okwangoku, esi sixeko yokuqala iziko lobomi kwezoqoqosho, okwesibini - nepolitiki. Yintoni likomkhulu eUnited States ngoku idlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi eluntwini, akunakwenzeka ukuphendula: misebenzi saa kwaye ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo.

Ny York - iziko koqoqosho lwehlabathi

New York - yangaphambili eyinkunzi of America. Yasungulwa ngo-1629 ukusuka yamakoloni Dutch. Kwisayithi zamaNdiya neManhattan yanamhlanje babehlala, ukuba ngenxa yeempahla amaxabiso $ kuphela 24 wavuma ukuhamba umhlaba wookhokho babo. Kungekudala ummandla ityala ahlasela imikhosi yaseBritani, owasinikayo New Amsterdam elinye igama - imbeko iNkosana York.

Namhlanje, eNew York yeyona sixeko sikhulu waseUnited States 19 zabantu abahlala kwindawo yayo metropolitan. Esi sixeko composition zahlukahlukene kakhulu uhlanga: malunga ne-40% yabantu kumhlophe, ngendlela efanayo - Latinos yaye abantu abamnyama. Ezinye ixabiso lepesenti isasazwa phakathi baseAsiya, Hawaiians, Eskimos, amaNdiya kunye nezinye iintlanga. Kwisixeko uyakwazi ukuva ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwama-160 ezahlukeneyo, nangona IsiNgesi na yemveli, emva kwakhe - Spanish.

Washington - The capital US

Igama ingqukuva entsha, wanika yokuqala US Mongameli Dzhordzh Vashington. Esi sixeko proclaimed ikomkhulu eli lizwe ngo-1800, wasibeka elishumi nje ngaphambili. Ekuqaleni le dolophu ibekwe kwi kummandla United of Maryland kunye Virginia, kodwa kamva kwagqitywa ekubeni ukwaba indawo eyahlukileyo yesixeko kwingingqi elizenzekelayo - ngoko kukho DC elizimeleyo.

Washington ngumbindi kwesakhiwo Capitol - ukususela 1800 apha idibana Congress eli lizwe. Ngowe-1812, uphawu geqe iye utshisa umkhosi waseBritani, satshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo isakhiwo. Namhlanje, isixeko ilikhaya kubantu malunga 600,000 abaqeshwe ikakhulu kwinkalo yolawulo. Esi sixeko Library of Congress, equlethe amaxwebhu ezizodwa kunye neencwadi ukubhalwa imbali elifutshane eli lizwe.

United States Capital: New York okanye eWashington

Ngaphambi kokuba ukwakhiwa Washington, eUnited States ikomkhulu New York. Kwaba khona ukuba wathabatha ubume ngumongameli wokuqala kwimbali yelizwe Dzhordzh Vashington. City eyakhelwe ngqo ukuba abe kwiziko bezopolotiko belizwe, elizimeleyo ongenandoda kuyo nayiphi na naseburhulumenteni ngoko. Ngaphandle ukwakhiwa komzi, oko wadalwa Ukuzilawula District of Columbia, apho kufanele ukuba ukuya elikomkhulu US. New York okanye Washington, DC, namhlanje, zombini ezi zixeko ngamaziko ubomi zenkcubeko nezentlalo zelizwe.

Kutheni New York ebizwa ikomkhulu

New York - lelona elikhulu, ahambele phambili kunye nesixeko edume US. Akumangalisi ke, umbuzo rhoqo kuvela njengoko apho ikomkhulu eUnited States kubalulekile ngakumbi. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba City New York sesona sixeko iphambili kweli lizwe. Ijolise onke amandla mali kurhulumente - yayingeyiyo Wall Street ngumbindi borhwebo kwemfuyo, kuye ngoku kuxhomekeke kuqoqosho kwamagunya behlabathi. EManhattan ukwakha amaziko amakhulu ezivenkileni, yaye amakhulu amawaka abantu abasebenza kumaphulo ngamazwe.

Kodwa Melika nje ubume lizwe kakhulu okhululekileyo melo. Ikomkhulu lalo, Washington, asisiso nayiphi na 50, yaye kuba kukholelwa ukuba ulawulo iya kuba injongo ngokupheleleyo kwaye sifanelekile.