Ob: uhlobo ukuhamba, iimpawu geographical

Iyonke kwi imephu Russia, kukho malunga 2.5 yezigidi yemilambo. Uninzi lwabo imilambo ezincinane. Noko ke, abanye ukufikelela enkulu omkhulu ngokwenene. Enye yezi machibi - yi OB.

iimpawu Jikelele lomlambo

Icala aya kulo OB River yi phawu yayo ephambili. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye imilambo Russian, ayajika ukusuka ezantsi ukuya entla. OB ngowona mlambo mde eRashiya. Ubude bayo lidlula nkqu ubude nemilambo ezifana Yenisei noLena. Le ndawo iyonke isitya kwalo malunga nezigidi ezi-3 macala onke. M. km, nto leyo ngokuphindwe kahlanu elikhulu kummandla France.

OB, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ngowona mlambo mde yonke kummandla Russia. pool yayo swimming engagqibekanga ibekwe kwamanye amazwe - umzekelo, Mongolia kunye neTshayina. Lo mfula Iintlobo ezininzi zokutya: ikhephu, imvula kunye ngumkhenkce. On kweendonga zayo ezininzi kwizixeko. Athele kungena Gulf of OB. Isantya avareji nokuqukuqela OB River yi-5 km / h.

eliphezulu ob

Pool ebizwa umlambo ngokobume ibekwe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo weendawo zemozulu. Kwicala langasezantsi nangoku umbhalo emva emlanjeni koozintlango ezishushu kunye nezo entlango. Emantla - akukho ndawo kumathafa abandayo. Zonke umzila ngokwemibandela uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu: aphezulu, phakathi nolusezantsi. Kwindawo apho ezimbini bahlanganisane ukuze iingangamsha imilambo Biya kunye Katun, kwaye Sivela umlambo OB. Uhlobo ukuhamba kulo mmandla ixhomekeke kwi-mphandle.

Ukuya emlonyeni tomi Dolina Obi ngokubanzi. Le ndawo kuthiwa eliphezulu. Apha, ukuhamba uye kwisantya lezikolo zikhona, kodwa okukhona umlambo uvuleka, ukuhamba amanzi alo ziyacotha kwaye ikhuselekile. Umandlalo umlambo idla licinezelwe nxamnye ibhanki phezulu ekhohlo, kwaye ngezantsi naseNovosibirsk ukuba zandiswe km 20. flow Nokuba kweso nemingenela amabini OB - Chumysh ikwicala ngasekunene nangasekhohlo Aley. Indlela fast okanye ngokucotha ngexesha OB ixhomekeke kwindawo yayo. Ngokomzekelo, enye ezantsi onamatye kwi ekudibaneni Katun bii kwaye ngenxa ngesantya esiphezulu uhuhamba lomlambo kule ndawo.

Hi ndlela leyi, ekwindla ehlotyeni kule ndawo ungabona simanga ukwazi. Ngomhla inxalenye phezu komlambo apha kubonakala ukuba ezinemizila. Oku kungenxa yokuba imilambo yamanzi zaseprayimari ezimbini zipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukileyo zixutywe ngoko nangoko. amanzi zana Katun kunye ezimhlophe Bia kuba neziphumo ezinje.

avareji OB

On uhambo lwakhe olude OB uqokelela amanzi ubeka imilambo ezintabeni laseSiberia. ayo idlula phezu West Siberian Plain, yahlulelwe kwii enemikhono, imibhobho. Xa kufika intwasahlobo, kule ndawo kuba kudala inkohliso of kwiqumrhu engenasiphelo kwamanzi kwiziqithi ezincinane zomhlaba.

Umyinge OB i icandelo elilandelayo, lwahlulwe kwemiqathango emlanjeni. Iqala ephuma emlonyeni emlanjeni uTom , kwaye igcina apho ayajika kungena OB Irtysh. Inxalenye yawo phakathi komlambo icinezelwe nxamnye ekuthiwa-sisuka Belogorsk - induli encinci.

Kwezinye iindawo, ebanzi kakhulu (ongaphezu kwe-50km) iba umlambo OB. Uhlobo flow yayo - ithengiswayo. Kwakhona unalo imibhobho ezininzi. Emva kokuba ekudibaneni kwe-Irtysh channel yayo, wamanzi litshintsha ulwalathiso, sakujika ngasentla. Ububanzi wezandyondyo kuMbindi ob iphakathi 20 no-30 km, kwaye Valley - ne30-50 km.

ezisezantsi OB

Iyelenqe Gulf of OB ekuthiwa Lower ob. Apha, ububanzi bayo ukusuka 3 ukuya km 7. Valley River yezi: yebhanki elifanelekileyo imilo amqengqelezi alekwe lihlathi, ekhohlo, phezu koko, flat. Nyaka ngamnye, uhlobo utshintsho ebhedini umlambo. Channel, ukhukuliseka ibhanki eweni ekunene nangasekhohlo ephethe lolu daka, litshintsha imilo yayo.

Umlambo entwasahlobo okuluphawu lwalo umlambo OB. Uhlobo ukugeleza esezantsi kuyo nemingenela yawo ngenxa yobukho enamandla - uTom kunye Irtysh. Kuba Lower ob izikhukula ispring nezikhukula zasehlotyeni bahlanganisane ukuze omnye wave enamandla.

Ukuqulunqwa omkhenkce

Upper na Phakathi ob lidla ezihlawulelwayo umaleko womkhenkce ngexesha abandayo. Ephezulu inxalenye umlambo ukhululekile kuwo omkhenkce ngeenxa phakathi ku-Apreli, i-avareji - April esibondeni, yaye emazantsi - ekuqaleni kuka May. Kwezinye iindawo, i-OB i ice-simahla kangangexesha elide. Ngokomzekelo, xa kummandla Barnaul , eli xesha iintsuku eziyi-200 ngonyaka. In Salekhard ob ukuba akagqubuthele ngumkhenkce isithuba seentsuku ezingama-180. Xa kufika spring, amanzi omlambo nivuke ukuya ku-4 m. Apha, ehlotyeni amanzi yothani ukuya degrees 28.

Kwesifundo kwimbali OB

Ngaloo mihla, xa boyisa European sele phambili kwi Melika, kwimpuma eSiberia luhlale ayikaqondwa kahle. Iirekhodi zokuqala OB River, ilungu kwinkulungwane XVI. Ngaloo mihla kwakucingwa ukuba oko ukufikelela China kunye India.

Umzekelo kakuhle iimaphu eSiberia ngelo xesha uphando kweMercator Atlas of Europe, wabhalwa 1595. Kodwa apho umlambo umelwe engalunganga ngokupheleleyo. A non-ezingekhoyo China Lake sele ezichongiweyo kufikelela aphezulu.

Russian waqala ukuhlala eSiberia malunga ngenkulungwane XVI-XVII., Nangona ngexesha isitya kwafunyaniswa ukuba sele okuhlala ngokwezizwe Khanty, Mansi kunye Selkups. Kunzima kakhulu ngalo mzuzu ukuseka ngemvelaphi igama lomlambo. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ifumana kwigama Russian "kokubini", njengoko umlambo luphumba kwezinye nemilambo ezimbini.

Ezinye iinzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba igama livela kwigama Iranian "ab", gama elo elithetha "amanzi". Kodwa okokuqala badibana OB Novgorod, wazinza i-Lower ob. Bayibiza umlambo "Obdora". Kodwa ikakhulu kuba zejografi ayikho umlambo iqhina OB. Uhlobo flow, indawo yayo kwaye ubutyebi bafunda ngexesha matutu ezininzi kwaye ngoncedo nezixhobo ezizodwa.