Le ndoda - utshaba okanye esidla? Ukuthelekiswa ezidla kunye ezidla

Indoda engena iqela eziphilayo heterotrophic, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo uhlobo olungumxube ukutya, kuxhomekeke nokukhethwa ukutya ngamnye, namasiko enkcubeko kunye neenkolelo zonqulo.

Zifuna inyama kwixhoba. Cleavage kunye nokufunxwa imveliso yawo Ukubola aphume kwinkqubo yokwetyisa ukuxabana ezithile kwenziwa. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo okutyisa imfuyo: iphecana sabo zesisu iphawulwa iseti iimpawu ezithile. Kwanele umdla na isakhiwo kwenkqubo zokwetyisa komntu: kuba ufana kangako iphecana zesisu of ezitya inyama ezitya utyani. Kweli nqaku uthelekisa kwiintshaba uhlaza, ngokunjalo ukuchaza awohluke of ukugaywa kwabantu.

Zeziphi izilwanyana ezitya

Eziphilayo ilungu isilwanyana ezidla, nelaziwa ngokuba ngamarhamncwa. Ezi ziquka malunga 270 iintlobo kwi suborders caniformia kunye feliformia. Ezinye abameli yehlabathi isilwanyana ezisetyenziswa ekutyeni efana nenyama kunye nohlaza. Ewe kuthiwa izidla. Ezidla squad, kungenjalo kuwo zasendle. Kukho iqela eziphilayo, ezifana neencanda, shrews, ibuzi ezingwevu, imfene, nto leyo maxa wambi ezidla kwezinye izilwanyana, kodwa uninzi lobomi bakhe asetyenziswa kwizityalo ukutya okanye izinto ezifileyo organic. Icandelo lezilwanyana ezitya inyama, izilwanyana ezitya inyama nezitya kunokuba ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Uhlobo olufanayo bangena iimeko engaqhelekanga zokusingqongileyo, unako ukuyitshintsha indlela otya ngayo, ukutshintsha uzama ukuphila.

Methods Human Nutrition

Bona zahlukahlukene kwaye ngenxa, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, izithethe zesizwe nenkcubeko kunye neempawu ngamnye. Isakhiwo yokwakheka wesintu ngokwemiqathango kwinkqubo yayo yokwetyisa uqinisekiswe kukuba amasebe ayo ahlukeneyo bayakwazi usile zoomatshini, ndiludilize nezicola ukudla zombini zemifuno kunye kwesilwanyana. Oku kubonisa isiphelo ilandelayo: impendulo yombuzo ngubani lo mntu utshaba okanye esidla akayi kuba categorical isilwanyana,. Ukuze ufumanise, sibheka kuzo iimpawu yokwakheka kwaye morphological yenkqubo zokwetyisa ka, izilwanyana ezitya inyama kunye nabantu, uze uzithelekise.

Inkqubo sokugaya of ezitya uhlaza

Isakhiwo ethile le nkqubo iqala emlonyeni utshaba kunye neempawu తీసివేయి Susa yayo, kwiimeko ezininzi, sele uhlobo geterodontny. Oku kuquka siphume, canines, premolars kunye imihlathi. Kwi Iingqameko lwamazinyo abe diastema, obe ubaqhiphukisa canines lokuvala zamkoobraznoe. Ngokungafaniyo nezilwanyana ezitya utyani nabantu, amarhamncwa amathe iqulathe amylase, yaye kuthetha istatshi yemifuno akukho lwanamathela emlonyeni. Animal Mouth ohlala ezininzi ubukhulu entloko. Oku kubaluleke ngokukodwa ngexesha uhlaselo nexhoba kunye nokudla yayo engaphezulu.

Ezidla babe mpawu zilandelayo mouthparts: umlomo encinane, imilebe kwimisipha ulwimi inxaxheba ukuhlafuna ukutya kancinci, umnqamlezo intshukumo entsonkothileyo le mandible. Amazinyo zaneleyo ngokwahlukeneyo kunye namathe iqulethe amylase kunye maltase ukuba ndiludilize izityalo silambile. nezilwanyana ezitya utyani ube nesisu multi-gumbi. uqhekeko zibizwa ngokuba kupensi, reticulum, omasum kunye enjekeni.

Mouthparts kunye isisu ezincancisayo

Ukuhlafuna ukutya kwezilwanyana okanye yemifuno imvelaphi kwenzeka nge geterodontnogo uhlobo amazinyo. Izinkcwe ithwala izibini ezintathu kwamadlala. Amathe, ezifana uhlaza, iqulathe amylase. Isakhiwo yokwakheka yomntu, ngokuphathelele kwinkqubo yayo yokwetyisa, luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo: ukutya idilikile emlonyeni phantsi amanyathelo enqanda proteolytic, bolus, kanye nesisu iqala ukuba lwanamathela yi pepsin, lipase, gastrin. Ngokungafaniyo ezidla ukuba acid juice esiswini, pH esiswini ilingana yabantu oluqhelekileyo 4-5. Single-gumbi isisu, ngaphantsi voluminous ngaphezu ezitya inyama ezitya utyani. Ngokusekelwe isakhiwo sale ndawo zikhankanywe ngasentla yenkqubo yokwetyisa, umbuzo koluntu-esihamba okanye esidla, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba, xa yokwakheka yayo kunye nobuchule komzimba iye iimpawu zombini izilwanyana ezitya izityalo kunye amarhamncwa.

Iinkqubo esiswini ezidla kubalulwa mpawu zilandelayo: iiseli olunga- phakathi kwisisu esiswini, cell ukuba izixa ezikhulu chloride acid, nto leyo ethintela iinkqubo ezibolayo. enzyme Proteolytic bakhuthele, yokuwa ukutya esiswini kwi pH ngaphantsi kwe-3 juice ngayo.

iimpawu yokwakheka kunye nokomzimba ye emathunjini amancinci

Inkxalabo, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ixabiso layo. izilwanyana ezitya utyani abe emathunjini amancinci ngokuphindwe 25 ngaphezu imizimba yabo namathumbu ruminant ifikelela iimitha ezingama-50. Ezidla, ukondla isidlo inyama eliphezulu osidingayo, abe emathunjini ngokwaneleyo elincinane elifutshane (nje amaxesha ngaphezulu 5-6 kunokuba umzimba). indawo villus Iyonke, jejunum kunye ileum lining yinxalenye nokuqinisekisa ukufunxeka glucose, ii-asidi acid, okunamafutha acid kunye glycerol kwi Azityi yi-14 m ^2, xa ruminants 17 m ^2, lo mntu-12 m ^2. Umthamo we ukutya yohlobo olunye apha emathunjini, ebizwa chyme. Yena Azityi lilikhulu. Ukongeza, i-chyme lilibaziseka ixesha elide cecum zabo.

Thin yethumbu yabantu

Ungachazwa ukuba ukwetyisa lwenzeka kulo bakhuthele (iintsuku 2-3 iilitha kwabelwa juice wamathumbu), iiprotheni isilwanyana zifunxe iiyure 4-6, imifuno - Iiyure ezi 4-5. Uninzi umsebenzi cleavage ukutya iqatshelwe duodenum, ziza kungena imibhobho zepancreas wesibindi. In emathunjini amancinci inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza komzimba - iindonga sokufunxa glucose villi kunye acid egazini, kwaye glycerol uyadinga asidi kwi nkovu.

ndlala sokugaya

Ukuze ninamathele zombini izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ukutya, kufuneka inkqubo transcriptase ekwaziyo thob iiprothini, iicarbohydrate lipids. Factory evelisa izinto eziphilayo esebenzayo, ngokuyintloko injeke. Ngoko ke, umntu, isilwanyana okanye esidla usebenzisa isiselo pancreatic ukuza duct nepancreatic kwi duodenum ukuba ndidilize iiprothini, isitatshi kunye namafutha. Isibindi - ingqondo enkulu yokwetyisa. iiseli bayo - hepatocytes ukuvelisa inyongo. Kuye iipropati zaselondri kwaye emulsifies amafutha. Ezidla umsebenzi ephezulu enzayim ukuyaphula phantsi iiproteni, ugcinwe eliphakathi okwanamhlanje obrak. eziphilayo ezitya utyani eziqulathwe enqanda incindi pancreatic ukuba anamathele kwincindi, lignin, kunye nemveliso dissimilation yabo.

Amathumbu amakhulu: iimpawu noshowo izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo

Kuzo zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo, esebenza njenge sokufunxa amanzi kunye nezisombululo electrolyte, kuyondelelaniswe kweevithamini B kunye zishiye ngendle. Ezintathu yethumbu elikhulu: ukwenyuka, ezinqamlezayo zisihla amarhamncwa colon elifutshane kunolo izilwanyana ezitya izityalo, ingakumbi yinyongo. Ubude emathunjini enkulu womntu 1-2 meters, nto leyo ngaphezu koko of ezitya inyama. Kule nxalenye ethunjini yabantu, ngathi eziphilayo herbivorous, iqulethe izixa ezikhulu iintsholongwane leyo ukubola kwincindi. Ngokusekelwe izibakala ngentla, kubonakala iqiniso kakhulu impikiswano loo mntu - inyama-esidla inyama kunye nenkqubo yayo kokudla apha naphaya ngcono ukuba ukwetyisa protein yezilwanyana.

segolide ukuthini

Phakathi eziphilayo heterotrophic kufuneka iqela lezilwanyana amalungu egama zokugaya ukumelana ekugayeni zombini ukutya izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Zibizwa izidla, ezifana ibhere, ihagu, lokhwalimanzi. Umntu nako ukuqhubeka olu luhlu. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba kukho iyantlukwano, full-ukudla kusinika impilo umzimba kunye nokucaca engqondweni. Amalungu imifino iyasilumkisa metabolites slagging emathunjini koqoqobo kwesilwanyana.

Eneneni, iimveliso iiproteins nokwaphuka ayityhefu kakhulu. Kodwa enyanzelisa ukuba badle inyama yonke imihla? Ngubani uyakwalela iintsuku intonga yokuphatha ukutya ngeli xesha ukutya kwesilwanyana? Njani ukuba ukukhumbula ilizwi yezihlabo Delphic: ". Umlinganiselo izinto zonke" Akukho ngaphantsi buhlungu kubantu abaninzi, ukutya kuphela ukutya izityalo, ingakumbi xa umntu Inkathazo nokugaya nefayibha. Iimbono ezininzi yaye inyaniso kuqhele kunjalo, ubuxoki ethile phakathi. Kwaye ke impendulo umbuzo wokuba umntu - utshaba okanye esidla, elowo kuthi uya nelayo.