Reflex Unconditioned - oku ... Ixabiso le-reflex unconditioned. ikhaliphe Unconditioned ne conditioner

Wabiza iimpendulo reflex umzimba ukuya ukuphazamiseka yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle, ithwalwa kwaye ilawulwe inkqubo luvo. Oosonzululwazi yokuqala abathe bona bazidina belungisa iimbono malunga nokuziphatha kwabantu, phambi obusemfihlekweni, baba bakuthi IP Pavlov and IM Section.

Yintoni ikhaliphe unconditioned?

reflex Unconditioned - oko isegazini, ilifa inzala kubazali babo beyenza sokusabela ifuthe lwangaphakathi okanye okusingqongileyo. Wasindisa umntu kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. Kwathi jike reflex ngokusebenzisa ingqondo kunye umnqonqo, lo neuron akazibandakanyi kwimfundo yabo. Meaning reflex unconditioned kukuba inika umzimba womntu isixhobo ngqo utshintsho kwimeko-bume, nto leyo soloko ilandelwa lutshintsho lwemithetho izizukulwana ezininzi ookhokho bayo.

Ziziphi ikhaliphe kwemibandela na?

reflex Unconditioned - oku yeyona ndlela iphambili komsebenzi e-nervous system, impendulo oluzenzekelayo kwizivuseleli. Kwaye umntu ochatshazelwayo yimiba eyahlukeneyo, kwaye ikhaliphe zahlukile: ukutya, ukuzithethelela, obuthile, ngokwesondo ... ukutya ziquka izinkcwe, yokuginya ukukhotha. Defense ummeli ekhohlela, ukuqhwanyazaemva, ukuthimla, umlenze ukukhweliswa izinto ezishushu. indlela ziya ekuqhelaniseni kungenziwa igama iintshukumo entloko, iliso Ukuchetywa. Ngu nethuku zesini zinxulunyaniswa yokuzala, kwakunye nokunyamekela nenzala. Meaning reflex unconditioned kukuba oluyigcinayo isidima ephilayo, ugcina rhoqo yokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi. Enkosi kuye, kukho ukuzala. Nditsho iintsana inokubonakalisa reflex iyevakala unconditioned - na usana lwakhe. Ngendlela, ukuba yeyona ibalulekileyo. Esahlala kule meko isebenza thinta imilebe kwisifundo (i ingono, incum sikanina, izinto zokudlala okanye umnwe). Enye reflex ebalulekileyo unconditioned - into obumbeneyo njengembumbulu, kwenzeka xa umzimba angaphandle kufutshane iliso okanye ochukumisa inwebu. Loo yokusabela uhlobene iqela okubakhusela okanye ukuzithethelela. Kwakhona, abantwana constriction ngayo abafundi, umzekelo, xa sisiva wokukhanya onamandla. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu ezininzi libizwa of ikhaliphe unconditioned zibonakale kwizilwanyana ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni ikhaliphe conditioner?

ikhaliphe olunemiqathango Ubizwa ezifunyenwe yi umzimba phezu ebomini. Bona kwakheka kwi isiseko njengelifa ukuba sesichengeni isivuseleli lwangaphandle (ixesha, enkqonkqoza, ukukhanya, njalo njalo). Umzekelo okuphawuleka yemifuniselo lwenziwa kwi izinja academician IP Pavlov. Wafunda indlela ukuyilwa kolu hlobo ikhaliphe kwezilwanyana, yaba umbhekisi phambili iindlela ezizodwa ukulungiselela kwayo. Ngoko, kuba isizukulwana ezi khemikhali kufuna stimulus rhoqo - umqondiso. Yena ekwenyukeni, yaye iimpembelelo uphindaphindo isivuseleli ivumela ukuphuhlisa a reflex conditioner. Kulo mzekelo, ebizwa ngokuba uxhulumaniso okwethutyana phakathi jike reflex unconditioned kunye namaziko analyzers. Ngoku wemvelo esisiseko evuswa sisenzo iimpawu zangaphandle umlinganiswa ngokwesiseko entsha. Ezi zizinto zehlabathi ezingqongileyo, apho ephilayo iye ekuqaleni ngaphambili xa ebona kufumana kuphela, kubalulekile. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ubomi nga kuveliswa iintlobo ikhaliphe ezahlukeneyo moya, ukuba zenza isiseko ngamava akhe. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusebenza kuphela kule umntu othile, ilifa le amava bomi ayithunyelwanga.

An udidi ezizimeleyo ingqondo moya

Xa uhlobo eyahlukileyo ngokuqhelekileyo ahluka kuveliswa ngexesha ubomi motor conditioner ikhaliphe isimilo, baxhotyiswe ngezakhono okanye izenzo automated. intsingiselo yazo kukuba ukufunda izakhono ezitsha, kwakunye nophuhliso ngeendlela ezintsha ukuqhutywa. Umzekelo, ukuze lonke ixesha lobomi bakhe, umntu udla iindidi kwezakhono ezizodwa, yimizekeko enxulumene umsebenzi wakhe. Bona isiseko yokuziphatha kwethu. Sicinga, ingqalelo, bengasenasazela bakhululwa ukuba imisebenzi eziye zafikelela automatism kwaye ube nento yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Eyona ndlela iyimpumelelo ekufundeni izakhono nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo umthambo, iziphazamisi inakho ngexesha okanye iimpazamo, kwakunye nolwazi le njongo nayiphi na ingxaki. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuba nesimo conditioner ayixhaswa kangangexesha elithile ihlaliswe, oko unyathela yayo. Noko ke, loo nto ayenzi shwaka. Ukuba, emva kwexesha elithile, phinda inyathelo, le reflex kuya kwakhona ngokukhawuleza. Elekhtrons nayo kwenzeka imeko elivela isivuseleli amandla ngakumbi.

Thelekisa ikhaliphe unconditioned kwaye conditioner

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ezi khemikhali luphawulwa uhlobo ukwenzeka kunye zinendlela eyahlukileyo ukubunjwa. Ukuze siqonde yintoni umahluko, thelekisa nje ingqondo unconditioned kunye conditioner. Ngoko ke, kuqala kukho izinto eziphilileyo ukususela ekuzalweni, ukuba awutshintshi kwaye musa zinyamalale ngaphezulu ebomini. Ukongeza, ikhaliphe unconditioned ziyafana zonke izinto kwezinto eziphilayo ethile. nokubaluleka kwazo siyifumana nokuqulunqwa ophilayo kwimiqathango rhoqo. arc reflex le abasabela udlula Umphanda ubuchopho okanye umnqonqo. Ngokomzekelo, amanye ikhaliphe unconditioned (bekhubazekile): izinkcwe esebenzayo xa lemon engena emlonyeni; owanyayo iintshukumo ze usana; ekhohlela, ukuthimla, Betha izandla zakho izinto ezishushu. Kwaye ngoku khangela iimpawu neempendulo conditioner. Bona ezifunyenwe ubomi, ingatshintsha okanye shwaka, kwaye, okokugqibela kodwa okungakuncinananga, ephilayo ngamnye, bona (ezabo). Owona msebenzi wazo - kukhubazeko nokulungiswa eziphilayo iimeko zitshintsha. Ulwalamano lwabo temporal (amanqaku reflex) idaliwe kwi ngumonzakalo zifaka nedumbe lengqondo. Njengoko umzekelo reflex conditioner kunokubangela indlela isilwanyana igama okanye iinyanga ezintandathu usana entsubeni awasabela ngayo ubisi.

Scheme reflex unconditioned

Ngokutsho uphando ngu academician IP Pavlov, icebo jikelele ikhaliphe unconditioned ngulo ulandelayo. On ezithile receptor luvo isixhobo kwizinto ezithile ngaphakathi okanye emzimbeni kwihlabathi ngaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, le eku- ngenxa iguqula yonke inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-ngxaki yokusetyenziswa nemithambo excitation. Oku wadluliselwa luvo (njengoko ulungisiwe ucingo) ukuya CNS, yaye apho ezinikwa umzimba ethile ukusebenza, sele similise inkqubo ethile kwinqanaba zeselula ye inxenye yomzimba. Kubonakala ukuba zizinto ezithile ezinxulumene ngokwendalo kunye umsebenzi othile kunye unobangela kunye nesiphumo.

Iimpawu ikhaliphe unconditioned

Thaca ngezantsi uphawu ikhaliphe unconditioned njengoko alungise izinto ezichazwe ngasentla, oko ekugqibeleni uya kujongana isenzeko phambi kwethu. Ngoko ke, ziziphi iimpawu ngayo ilifa?

1. impendulo wendalo ephilayo ezintweni.
2. Le Ukukhuthala malunga nokufakelwa uvaleke phakathi kweentlobo ezithile zizinto kunye neempendulo.
3. Umlinganiswa ezithile: uhlobo olufanayo ikhaliphe zenzeka ukukhetha kuwo onke amalungu iintlobo ezithile eziphilayo, ahluke kuphela iimpawu uphawu izilwanyana akwi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kukho inkxalabo ezenzekelayo ezizayo zonke leenyosi libubu zakha zaba zinye, kodwa eyahlukileyo ukusuka noonomeva efanayo ithuku okanye neembovane.
4. Sokwazi ikhaliphe unconditioned musa ixhomekeke kumava akhe, ukuba phantse musa ukutshintsha ngexesha ubomi inkomo yafa.
5. Xa eziphilayo eziphezulu, le ndlela yokusabela ngokuqhelekileyo luqhutywa ngokwemizi asezantsi nervous system, inxalenye uthinte hayi Iqinisekile zifaka lobuchopho.

wemvelo kwiimeko zithile nezilwanyana reflex

ukungaguquguquki ezizodwa unxibelelwano umbefu engunobangela wemvelo ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba zonke izilwanyana ozalwa luvo. Sele ukwazi ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwizinto ezithile bume. Umzekelo, iyeza kuqala kunye isandi zitsolile; kuya cell juice yokucola ukutya kunye namathe wadibana ukutya emlonyeni okanye esiswini; uya blink xa ukuvusa okubonwayo, njalo-njalo. Esizalwa izilwanyana abantu hayi ikhaliphe ngamnye kuphela unconditioned, kodwa nelunzima kakhulu ngakumbi iindlela ngayo. Ewe kuthiwa nethuku.

reflex Unconditioned, enyanisweni, ayikho ngokupheleleyo uniform, iphatheni, ukudlulisela indlela isilwanyana ukuba kukho umfutho kwangaphandle. Lubonakala, nangona sabaqalayo, likumgangatho ophantsi, kodwa kusekho isikrokro, Ukwahluka, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko yangaphandle (amandla, ingakumbi imeko, indawo isivuseleli). Kwakhona, oku kuchatshazelwa yi imeko lwangaphakathi isilwanyana, kwaye (bewuhlisele okanye ukwanda umsebenzi, ukuma, njalo njalo). Ngoko ke, nkqu IM Sechenov ukuhlola yakhe ndiyakuthanda (spinal) amasele wabonisa ukuba xa baboniswa iminwe imilenze nemazi yexhama emanzini motor reaction kwenzeka okwahlukileyo. Kule siyakwazi ukubona ukuba lo reflex unconditioned usenayo Ukwahluka encomekayo, kodwa ezininzi ezincinane. Isiphumo kukuba yi ezi khemikhali aphungule umzimba kunye bume nigqibelele ngokwentelekiso kuphela malunga nokutshintsha kancinci izinto zehlabathi ezingqongileyo. reflex Unconditioned akakwazi ukunika kwingcamango isilwanyana ukuba iimeko ezintsha okanye ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.

Ke ukuba neemvakalelo, ngamanye zibonakaliswa ngohlobo amanyathelo alula. Umzekelo, umkhweli ngokusebenzisa ingqiqo livumba uphengulula phantsi amaxolo yezinye kombungu zezinambuzane. Yena lihlaba amaxolo, izale namaqanda ixhoba wafunyanwa. Oku kuphelisa yonke inyathelo lwakhe ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka lweentlobo. Kukho ikhaliphe ezintsonkothileyo unconditioned. Neemvakalelo yale hlobo kuba kwekhonkco lwezinto kunye ukunika ukuzala. Ngokomzekelo, iintaka, iimbovane, iinyosi, kunye nezinye izilwanyana.

Okukodwa eziphilayo

ikhaliphe Unconditioned (iintlobo) zikhona ebantwini nasezilwanyaneni. Kufuneka iqondwe into ngayo ezinjalo onke amalungu uhlobo omnye uya kuba njalo. Ngokomzekelo, ufudo. Zonke eziphila emanzini amaninzi intloko nasemilenzeni iqokobhe layo xa kusenzeka ingozi. Kwaye zonke neencanda shaya kwaye ayikhuphi isandi nomsondlo. Ukongeza, kuba uyazi ukuba zonke ikhaliphe unconditioned kwenzeka ngexesha elinye. Ezi abasabela ziyahluka ngokungqinelana nobudala, nangexesha. Umzekelo, ixesha lokwanda okanye isithuthi kunye ngokumungunya nezenzo avela kwi kwimveku veki-18. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusabela unconditioned kukho uhlobo kwexesha lokusebenza for the ikhaliphe moya ebantwini nasezilwanyaneni. Umzekelo, ebudaleni eliyinkunzi libe lenguqu ukuya kwizakhiwo obhobhozayo synthetic. Bona ukwandisa kulwamkelo yento ephilayo iimeko zangaphandle kokusingqongileyo.

unyathela kwemibandela

Kwinkqubo lobomi, kumzimba ngamnye ufakwa rhoqo - zombini ngaphandle kunye ngaphakathi - kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngamnye kubo wakwazi ukubangela yokusabela ahambelanayo - reflex. Ukuba bonke bephela kufuneka waqonda, ngoko imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eziphilayo wayeza kuba ingalawuleki. Nangona kunjalo, oku kungenzeki. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umsebenzi basabela uphawuleka ukuvumelana nolungelelaniso. Isizathu kukuba somzimba inhibition ngayo ingqondo unconditioned. Oku kuthetha ukuba le yeyona ibalulekileyo ngexesha ukulibaziseka elithile reflex eziziisekondari. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-elekhtrons yangaphandle kwenzeka ekuqaleni komsebenzi. A pathogen entsha elinamandla, nezikhokelela damping endala. Kwaye ngenxa yemisebenzi yangaphambili uya kuyeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Hi xikombiso, le nja itye, yaye ngelo xesha emnyango yokhaliso. Animal kweso siyayeka ukudla, iyabaleka ngokubona ukuza. Kukho utshintsho elibukhali lomsebenzi izinkcwe kwi inja ngelo xesha oyekayo. Ngu-elekhtrons olungenamiqathango ikhaliphe ziquka ezinye iimpendulo angaphakathi. Bona kwamagciwane ezithile ukuba kumiwe epheleleyo imisebenzi ethile. Umzekelo, ukuxhala clucking hen yenza amantshontsho kufa kwaye licinezelwe emhlabeni, kunye nokuqalisa kwe amabutho amnyama ukuba uyeke ukucula canary.

Ngaphezu koko, kukho kwakhona zokuphepha (transmarginal) inhibition. Oku kuvela njenge impendulo kwizivuseleli onamandla kunene, le ephilayo ufuna izenzo ngaphezu izakhono zalo. Inqanaba kuzichanaba ugqitywa amaza ubume luvo. Exhaleni neuron leyo eyaye yachulumancisa, ayanda nezihlandlo neemvakalelo-luvo kwi flow leyo kungenisa. Noko ke, ukuba flow ngaphaya kwemida ethile, kukho inkqubo, nto leyo eya kuthintela ukuba andise indlela excitation of busebenze neuronal. la ngokuba reflex arc umnqonqo kwaye nobuchopho lomncedis, okubangela inhibition kwenzeka ekulondolozeni actuators ukusuka waphelelwa epheleleyo. Yintoni lulandelayo kwesi sigqibo? Ngenxa inhibition ye kukhupho zomzimba ikhaliphe unconditioned zonke Ukrainian lunee ntlobo kangangoko kakhulu eyaneleyo, nako ukukhusela ukusuka kumsebenzi ngokugqithiseleyo. Le nkqubo kwakhona kunegalelo ngokubonakala ekuthiwa-isilumkiso eziphilayo.