Aluminiyamu aluminiyamu zayo; zonke olu

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi isicelo obufumaneka phantse zonke iintsimbi abantu owaziwayo aluminium zabo. Ngamnye kubo iimpawu zayo ezithile, apho ubungakanani ukusetyenziswa kwazo imizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Luhlobo ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi zentsimbi kunye nambaxa esekelwe kuyo, kwakunye aluminiyam kwaye aluminium yayo. Oku kuchazwe, kuqala kwiinto zonke, iindawo zolondolozo ezinkulu zendalo, ngokunjalo kwemichiza obalaseleyo, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neempawu mechanical.

A incinane

Ngokutsho legend yamandulo, esichazwa uPliny Elder uGayo e wakhe othi "Natural History", esakhiwa malunga 77 AD, kanye * kuKhesare waseRoma uTibheriyo wasondela inkosi angaqhelekanga wamenza isipho isitya yesilivere nentsimbi ukukhanya kakhulu. Xa uTibheriyo wambuza ukuba yintoni le elenziwa ngayo, waphendula wathi abesenza ngodongwe. Kumangaliswa, lo mlawuli wayalela ukuba ukumbulala omsulwa atshabalalise onobu bugcisa umasifundisane yakhe fyabo zange kukhokelela uphelelo iintsimbi yobuncwane yamaRoma. It is a Kulusizi ukuba ngelo xesha akazange akwazi ukuhlola ithemba ukuvulwa bonke, ngenxa yokuba i-aluminiyamu kunye aluminium zalo elizayo wenza idabi kwaphela yokwenene.

Kutheni aluminiyamu aluminium yayo ithandwa kangaka?

Umxholo aluminium kwi kwesikhoko nama-8.8%, ngoko ke ikhokelela uludwe iintsimbi ixhaphakileyo. Phakathi zalo eziluncedo ziquka ingxinano ephantsi (2.7 g / cm3), ukumelana obalaseleyo umhlwa, processability, conductivity elungileyo zombane kunye thermal, iimpawu amandla eliphezulu. Aluminiyamu aluminiyamu yayo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu eyama, imikhumbi, zokuthutha, izithuthi, ukwakhiwa, iikhemikhali kunye petroleum namashishini , njl aluminiyamu, esibonakala ductility, malleability, isantya esiphezulu processing. Konke oku kunika ithuba elihle lokuba siwasebenzise phantse naluphi na uhlobo kwimveliso.

aluminiyamu Basic aluminiyamu-based

Ukudibanisa aluminium kunye nezongezo alloying, onokufikelela amandla olukhulu kwaye kuphuculwe nezinye iimpawu sentsimbi. Njengoko kwezithako wayedla lesilicon, ikopolo, manganese, nezinki. Cinga aluminiyamu ezisisiseko.

Duralumin (duralumin, okanye duralumin nje)

Igama le compound livela ilizwi Duren - ukuba igama isixeko waseJamani, nto leyo ngo-1911. Siye baqalisa ukuprinta ingxubevange ngendlela engazange mveliso. Izimasekile Ngaphezu kwayo ubhedu, i-aluminiyamu (2.2 - 5.2%), nemagnesium (0.2 - 2.7%) kunye manganese (0.2 - 0.1%). Emva unyango ubushushu, intsimbi uba namandla (static ifikelela 450-500 MPA). Ukuze kukhuthazwe nokumelana, ntonje aluminium ezilala. Asetyenziswe ngendlela izinto zokwakha ezothutho kunye nobunjineli jukwini.

magnaly

Ezi aluminiyamu ezahlukeneyo wemagniziyam kunye nezinye izinto (MG umxholo - 1-13%). Bona luphawulwa ductility aphezulu, weldability elungileyo kunye nokumelana. Isetyenziswa lokuvelisa ezimilise castings, ucingo, iphepha, rivet njl

silumin

Le ephindeneyo elungiswe edibanisa aluminiyam kunye lesilicon (umxholo lesilicon - 4-13%). Maxa wambi idityaniswa, kunye nezinye nezongezelelo: Yiba, Ti, Zn, MG, MN, Cu. Le ingxubevange isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iinxalenye izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo, ingakumbi i-aerospace kunye nobunjineli ngomatshini.

Aluminiyamu aluminiyamu yayo iya kukhonza elide ukuze kuzuze uluntu. Ubungqina kwalo mshini omusha - foamed aluminiyamu, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, "amagwebu metal". Iingcali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba i-aluminiyamu aneentunja kufuneka ithemba kakhulu.