Ilens amandla lens

Refraction yokukhanya ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezamehlo ezahlukeneyo: iikhamera, omabonakude, yerediyo, iimikroskopu. Ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye nxalenye ebonakalayo kwezi zixhobo nguye lens. Kwaye ke amandla lens - elinye lamaxabiso esisiseko eziphawula nasiphi na isixhobo optical.

Lens enombala okanye iglasi woqondo - umzimba yeglasi ukukhanya-akubonakali nto inomda omabini iindawo ungqukuva okanye ezinye kujikwa (enye iindawo ezimbini kusenokuba flat).

Imilo ye imiphezulu emigodini inokuba ungqukuva, zezindlu okanye ezinye. Lens ukuba abe ephakathi liyajiya emiphethweni, ebizwa khaxa; kunye no iikona ziyatyeba - phakathi.
Ukuba makuncothulwe engumzekelo reyi ukukhanya kwi lens khaxa, wabeka umfanekiso wakhe, ngoko uyise kuthelekiswa ilens, sifumanisa ukuba ibala encinane eliqaqambileyo. Waba uqhekeza imiqadi zakhe abawayo, ukuqokelela kubo. Ngoko ke, oko kuthiwa Qokelela. I phakathi ukukhanya lens refracting, kubengezele esandleni. Ibizwa ngokuba kwelifu.

iziko lens kuthiwa iziko layo okubonakalayo. Nayiphi line ukuba kungenela singenelayo, iphumelele nokuthiywa ahlangene optical. A axis ezidibanayo kwindawo esembindini kumphezulu ungqukuva zokunganyangeki kuthiwa inqununu (core) loMthetho axis woqondo lens, abanye - icala-nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi.

Ukuba mayibhekiswe ukuqokelelwa lens axis umqadi ngaxeshanye ukuze axis yayo, ngokugqithisa, le umqadi uya phambana esqwini kwi kumgama othile kulo. Lo mgama ubizwa ngokuba ubude kunye kwindawo yonqumlo ngokwawo - focus yayo. Zonke lens ejolise ezimbini, leyo macala omabini. Ngokusekelwe imithetho refraction sokukhanya, ukuba kunokwenzeka kwithiyori ukungqina ukuba yonke imiqadi yezihlunu okanye imitha yasondela kuYesu engundoqo umgca optical isehlo kwi ngokubambiseneyo lensi eyayingqalene esqwini idibane kwi kujoliswe. Amava iyakungqina oku ubungqina theoretical component.

Makuncothulwe semitha eyayingqalene esqwini iphambili axis woqondo kwi dvoyakougolnuyu lens obhityileyo, siya kufumanisa ukuba kulo, aba imitha ziya kuhamba umqadi leyo zohlukana. Xa umfowunelwa kunye umqadi eziphambukileyo ezinjalo iliso lethu, besiya ucinga ukuba imitha zivela kwindawo enye. Le ngongoma ifumene kwegama ekugxilwe yenyani. Lo moya, ibanjwa aa Incopho esqwini engundoqo woqondo kwingqwalaselo lens kuthiwa indiza. Le indiza lens ezimbini, yaye afumaneka kumacala omabini kuyo. Xa lens ngqo msebe ray, ezo enxuseneyo naliphi na icala axis woqondo, umqadi, emva kokuvela refraction kokuba converges phezu umgca ohambelana kwikona zawo indiza.

Amandla kokugcina lens - oku lixabiso enjalo, nto leyo ke lwamacala ubude bayo ebalulekile. We ungawuchaza ngoncedo ifomula:
1 / F = D.

Iyunithi yomlinganiselo na la mandla kuthiwa diopters.
1 diopter - an amandla enombala lens ukuba umgama ephambili ye-1 m.
Xa lens khaxa, le mandla entle, ngoxa phakathi - negative.
Umzekelo: uya kuba yintoni na amandla woqondo le mbono lens khaxa ukuba F = 50 cm - ubude bayo ebalulekile?
D = 1 / F; ngu hypothesis: F = 0,5 m; kungoko: D = 1 / 0.5 = 2 diopters.
Ubukhulu ubude focal, yaye ngenxa yoko ke amandla ilens ichazwe ngu isalathisi zokunganyangeki eziphathekayo, nto leyo iquka lens kwirediyasi imiphezulu ungqukuva etsibatsiba kuyo.

Ithiyori unika ifomula ukuba ukubala ngayo:
D = 1 / F = (n - 1) (1 / R1 + 1 / R2).
Kule formula, n - refraction yesixhobo lens, R1, 2 - ukuba radii of ugobile komhlaba. Le radii kwemiphezulu khaxa zithathwa ezintle phakathi - negative.

umfanekiso Character efunyenwe ilens injongosenzi, okt. E. yobukhulu bawo kunye nesikhundla kuxhomekeke indawo yento kuthelekiswa lens. indawo into ubukhulu bayo zingafumaneka ngokuthi kusetyenziswe ifomula lens:
1 / F = 1 / d + 1 / f.
Ukuze ubone indlela yomgama Ilens ukukhulisa usebenzisa ifomula:
k = f / d.

Amandla kokugcina lens - ingqiqo efuna isifundo eneenkcukacha.