Indlela i-index refractive ibalwa ngayo

Isalathisi (isalathisi sokubhaliweyo) yinombolo engabonakaliyo ebonisa ukuba amandla okwakhiwa kwesidanga esilula. Ichazwe yileta n. Ukwahlula phakathi kwesalathiso sokubhubha ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-coefficient.

Iyokuqala ibalwa ngenye yefomula ezimbini:

N = isono α / isono β = const (apho isono α sisona sesiganeko sesiganeko, kwaye isono β sisona sesigxina sokutsalwa kwesibonda sokukhanya esingaphakathi phakathi kokungabikho)

Okanye

N = c / υ _λ (apho c isantya sokukhanya esingenanto, υ _λ isantya sokukhanya esikolweni ngaphantsi kokufunda).

Apha ukubala kubonisa ukuba zihlandlo eziliphi ukukhanya kutshintsha isantya sobungqina bayo ngexesha lotshintsho ukusuka kwiphandle ukuya kufaka phakathi. Ngaloo ndlela, isalathisi sokurhoxisa (ngokupheleleyo) sinqunywe. Ukufumana isiqhelo, sebenzisa ifom:

N = n ₂ / n _1.

Oko kukuthi, kule meko, iindleko zokubamba ngokukodwa zezinto ezinobungakanani obuhlukeneyo, umzekelo, umoya kunye neglasi, ziqwalaselwa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-coefficients ephelele yeyiphi na imizimba, ingaba i-gasesous, i-liquid, okanye isisiseko, ihlala ikhulu kunabo 1. Ngokuyinqobo, ixabiso labo lisuka kwi-1 ukuya kwe-2. Ngaphezulu kwe-2, eli xabiso lingaba kwiimeko ezizodwa. Ixabiso le parameter yeendawo ezithile:

• Isalathiso sokurhola iiglasi (izithsaba) - 1,5163;
• Umoya - 1.000292;
• Glycerol 1,473;
• Ether - 1.358;
• I-ethyl yotywala - 1.363;
• I-carbon disulphide - 1.629;
• I-glass ye-organic - 1.49.

Eli xabiso kwisicelo kwizinto ezinzima kakhulu zendalo kwiplanethi, idayimani, ngu-2.42. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lophando lwezenzululwazi, njl., Kuyafuneka ukuba ukwazi isiqulatho sokuchithwa kwamanzi. Le parameter ngu-1.334.

Ekubeni i-longueth isth marker, eqinisweni, engaqinisekanga, isalathisi sinikezelwa kwileta n. Injongo yalo iyanceda ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi i-wavee ye-coefficient echaziweyo. Xa uqwalasela into efanayo, kodwa ngokunyuka kwe-wave-wave wave, i-index refractive will decrease. Le meko iphinda ibangele ukubola kokukhanya kumbindi njengoko kudlula i-lens, prism, njalonjalo.

Ngokomlinganiselo wenkcazo yokurhoxisa, unokumisela, umzekelo, zingaphi izinto ezichithwa kwenye. Oku ku luncedo, umzekelo, ngokutshiza okanye xa ufuna ukwazi ukuxinwa kweeshukela, iziqhamo okanye amajikijolo kwijusi. Esi sibonakaliso kubalulekile ekuqaliseni umgangatho weemveliso zepetroleum, kunye nezobucwebe, xa ufuna ukufaka ubungqina bokuba ububuxoki beli tye, njl.

Ukuqwalasela i-index ye-refractive, ifowuni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-refractometer isetyenzisiweyo. Ukuze uyisebenzise, okokuqala kubalulekile ukuba uyihlambulule ngendwangu elithambileyo, uze usebenzise amaconsi amathathu e-test test kwi-prism engena kwisakhiwo. Ukongezelela, isitya esikhethekileyo sokukhanya kwemini sivaliwe .

Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwanoma yiphina into, i-scale ebonakalayo kwiphonkco yeso sixhobo iya kuba yimibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuba udilika kwi-prism yamanzi aqhelekileyo adibeneyo, kunye nokulinganiswa okuchanekileyo kweso sixhobo, umda wembala eluhlaza okomvu nomhlophe kuya kudlula ngokukodwa kwi-zero. Ekuhlolisweni kwesinye i-substance, iya kuhamba ngesilinganiso ngokubhekiselele kwisalathiso sokutsala okukuyo.