UAntiochus Cantemir: biography. Isebenza Antioha Dmitrievicha Kantemira

Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir - enye amanani aqaqambe of era yenkcubeko syllabic (ke ukuba ngexesha le ncwadi phambi kokuba inguqu Lomonosov). Yena yasungulwa ngokupheleleyo ubuntu, benza kuphela koncwadi, kodwa kwezopolitiko: wayebambe izikhundla bozakuzo phantsi Catherine I. Makhe simazi kufutshane umsebenzi wakhe biography.

UAntiochus Cantemir: ibhayografi emfutshane

UAntiochus wazalwa ngo-1708 kwintsapho njengenkosana ngeengcambu isiRomania. Uyise, ngokuba nguDmitry K., waye umlawuli ubulawuli Moldavian, nonina, UCassandra, babengamalungu intsapho yamandulo amanene of Cantacuzino. Wazalwa kwaye wachitha iminyaka yokuqala yobomi bakhe eConstantinople (ngoku Istanbul), kwaye entwasahlobo ka-1712 intsapho yakowabo yafudukela uBukhosi Russian.

Usapho uAntiochus Kantemir wayengoyena mncinane. Bekukho 6 abantwana: oonyana 4 neentombi-2 (Maria, Smaragd, uMateyu, Sergei, Constantine-Antiyokwe). Bonke bafumana imfundo esemagqabini ekhaya, kodwa kuphela hero yethu wathabatha amathuba yaye baqhubeka uqeqesho lwamaGrike-Slavic Academy. Ngenxa yenzondelelo banxanelwe ulwazi, Prince uAntiochus Cantemir waba ngomnye wabantu abaninzi bakhanyiselwa, ngcembe ngenkulungwane ye-18!

Emva kokuphumelela, i uAntiochus oselula waya i Preobrazhensky webutho, yaye kungekudala kakhulu lenyuka ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla kwibhanile. Ngexesha le minyaka (1726-1728 GG.), Wayesiya izifundo university Bernoulli kunye Gross kwi-Russian Academy of Sciences.

Imisebenzi lokuqala umbhali

Ingqalo iindlela zobuchule umbhali ukuba ngelo xesha, xa uluntu kwabonwa asabela buhlungu ekunqunyanyisweni Ushintsho uPetros I. uAntiochus ngokwakhe wayengumlandeli izithethe kaPetros, ngoko ngo-1727 wajoyina iqela, leyo elikhokelwa Feofan Prokopovich. Xa imisebenzi yakhe saba nempembelelo enkulu ezi mazwi zoluntu.

I yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe labhalwa sisikhokelo esinokusetyenziswa ezi vesi zeBhayibhile kunye ngeendumiso, kwathiwa ngokuba "Symphony yeeNdumiso ukuba". Ngowe-1726 Wayisondeza wesandla uCatherine I, njengophawu intlonipho nentlonelo. Ukumkanikazi linovuyo kakhulu amazwi akhe, kwaye ngqangi yaprintwa uhlelo leekopi 1000.

Le ncwadi edume Cantemir

Kamva, waqalisa ukuguqulela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo amazwe, ikakhulu - Liguqulwe lithatyathwa isiFrentshi. Umsebenzi idumileyo, leyo evunywe njengendawo itoliki omkhulu - inguqulelo Fontenelle. UAntiochus Kantemir ukuzaliseka kungekuphela nje ngokubalisa bolu ethi "Le ntetho malunga neendidi siyibambe", kodwa wongezelela icandelo iingcinga zayo kwaye iphawule ngemeko leyo. Phezu kwako nje ukungxamiseka incwadi kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, eRashiya, imisebenzi yakhe avalwa umlomo yi uKumkanikazi, kuba kuthiwa kuyaphikisana iziseko yokuziphatha kunye nonqulo.

UAntiochus Cantemir: imisebenzi uvuthondaba

Antiyokwe ithathwa ngunozala olu hlobo loncwadi, njengokuba uvuthondaba. Imibongo yakhe yokuqala ndinyeliswe Sciences nabagxeki. Enye imisebenzi idumileyo "Ukuze luhleli luligiba imfundiso. Ukuze ingqondo yakhe," kulo msebenzi, yena ngalisayo ithetha ngabo bathi ngokwabo "izazi", kodwa 'e Zlatoust baqonde. "

Le lokudubula yomsebenzi yakhe yokudala senzeka kule minyaka 1727-1730. Ngowe-1729, uthotho yonke kubo versification satirical zadalwa. Iyonke 9 wabhala satires, nanga ezidume kunazo zonke kubo;

• "Ukuze ke nomona zloenravnyh yezikhulu" - intlekisa abanumzana, owayefelwe ukuziphatha yakhe yantlandlolo okulungileyo kude emva inkcubeko.
• "Kwi umahluko phakathi neminqweno yabantu" - ukuba kukho uhlobo umyalezo uBhishophu Novgorod, leyo lwalusenza izono kunye neminqweno yeenkokheli zecawa aphezulu.
• "Le aph 'lokwenyaniso" - imisebenzi ababhali iintetho Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir phezu umbuzo obungunaphakade ubomi aze anike impendulo "kuphela basikelelwe kobu bomi ngubani na umxholo kunye omncinane bahlale ngoxolo."

imisebenzi feature

Kakhulu prince satirical ngenxa yeenkolelo zakhe. Prince uAntiochus Cantemir wayenyanisekile ukuba eRashiya wayebathanda abantu Russian, ukuba injongo yakhe ephambili ukwenza yonke into kakuhle-ntle yabo. Yena sympathized yonke utshintsho uPetros mna, nokumkani ngokwakhe anengqondo ahlonitshwe ngemigudu yakhe kuphuhliso lwemfundo. Yonke iminkqangiyelo yakhe ithi ekuhleni lowu kwiincwadi zakhe. Eyona iphambili nemibongo yakhe kunye zintsomi na diatribes ethambileyo, imisebenzi zakhe zizele krwada kwaye abanazo soperezhevany buhlungu malunga ukwehla abaninzi yenzame enkulu Peter I.

Abanye bathi uAntiochus Cantemir, ogama engobomi nayo ochaphazelekayo kunye nemisebenzi karhulumente, yakwazi ukuba ukudala uvuthondaba kakhulu kangangokuba ezopolitiko kuphela ngamava njengoko inxusa eNgilani. Kwaba khona ukuba bafumana ulwazi enkulu malunga nesakhiwo karhulumente, ndaqhelana imisebenzi omkhulu Western yiEnlightenment: ubuchule Horace, Juvenal, Boileau namaPersi waba nempembelelo enkulu kumsebenzi wakhe.

umsebenzi State Antioha Kantemira

Cantemir Antiyokwe Dmitrievich (Ibhayografi sobufundisi ngokusondeleyo amanqaku kugqiba kwimbali yoBukhosi baseRashiya) waye lweli utshintsho uPetros mna, ngoko ngo-1731 wathetha nxamnye oyilwayo, ecetywayo ukuba abele izidwangube amalungelo ezopolitiko. Noko ke, yena ulonwabele ukuzithandisa uKumkanikazi uAnny Ioannovny, uye waba negalelo elikhulu ukusasazwa imisebenzi yakhe.

Nangona ebutsheni bakhe, uAntiochus Kantemir wakwazi impumelelo enkulu kwimicimbi yoluntu. Yaba nguye lowo wanceda uKumkanikazi ukuba athathe indawo yakhe efanelekileyo njengoko abameli yeBhunga Ephakamileyo behlela unokusindleka ubhedu. UAntiochus Cantemir waqokelela lotyikityo ezininzi amagosa kunye namanye amagosa bezigaba ezahlukeneyo, yaye emva koko ngokobuqu wapheleka Trubetskoy kunye Cherkasky e uKumkanikazi Palace. Ngeenkonzo zakhe yena ilungelo ngesisa nemali awabelwa ngunozakuzaku ozakuzo eNgilani.

gaba zokubonisana

Ekuqaleni kuka-1732 eneminyaka engama-23, waya eLondon ukuze lenze imisebenzi yalo ungumhlali ozakuzo. Nangona yokunqongophala kwezakhono zolwimi kunye nokungabikho amava, wakwazi ukwenza impumelelo enkulu ekuphakamiseni umdla yoBukhosi baseRashiya. I-British ngokwabo ubuthetha ngaye njengento ipolitiki ngokunyaniseka azithanda. Interesting Eneneni, waba unozakuzaku lokuqala Russian kwilizwe yasentshona.

Ambassador England wakhonza kuye okuhle esikoleni oonozakuzaku, yaye emva kweminyaka 6 yenkonzo e London, watshintshelwa eFransi. Wakwazi ukuba nolwalamano oluhle abaninzi French amanani: Maupertuis, uMontesquieu kunye nabanye.

nenani-1735-1740 ayenzima kakhulu kobudlelane Russian-French, kwakukho kuphikisana ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa ngenxa yemigudu Cantemir, imiba emininzi iye yasonjululwa ngenxa thethwano ngoxolo.

imisebenzi nxi

Kuzo zonke wabhala imisebenzi malunga 150, phakathi kwawo kukho satirical imibongo, iintsomi, epigrams, bacule kunye iinguqulelo evela isiFrentshi. Baye wasinda kule mini, kodwa ezinye iinguqulelo ezinkulu zalahleka. Kukho urhanela ukuba aqotywa ngabom.

Umzekelo, bayahlelwa ndingaziwa-ngqangi "Epictetus", "Iincwadi Persian" kunye nezinye iinguqulelo ezininzi lwamanqaku isiFrentshi zibe Russian.

Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe uAntiochus Cantemir isayinwe phantsi igama Hariton Makentin ukuba i anagram igama lakhe kunye nefani. Waba nelunda ngomsebenzi wakhe, kodwa ke musa babone ukukhanya: kukho walahlekelwa phantse onke amaphepha-ngqangi.

ilifa lakhe nokubhala kuba imisebenzi ngaphezu kwesinye anamanci mahlanu, kubandakanywa 9 versification satirical, iingoma 5 (ode), iintsomi 6, epigrams-15 (3 ezibizwa "amanqaku ngokuphila", yaye imele iindawo ezintathu imveliso omnye), iinguqulelo ezimalunga 50, 2-3 inguqulelo enkulu imisebenzi kusuka ababhali French abo ababephila ngexesha Cantemir.

Yintoni umnikelo wenziwa ngu uAntiochus kwiincwadi Russian?

ukubaluleka kwakhe kwimbali yophuhliso kunye ukuyilwa Russian yamandulo, neencwadi mihla, kunzima ukuba zazi. Emva kokuba yonke imiba ephakanyiswe imisebenzi yakhe, lwayamene namhlanje: .. Ndibhenela abalungiseleli amandla, amanyathelo angekho mthethweni amagosa kunye namalungu eentsapho zabo, njl Cantemir nguye ukhokho olu hlobo loncwadi, njengoko a uvuthondaba. Umntu angabuza ukuba yintoni abe yinganga engonwabanga titular, yaye apho wabhala uvuthondaba? Impendulo ifumaneka kwiincwadi zakhe, apho wabona ukuba kuphela bokwenene, kwaku- ngummi simnika isibindi ubhale imisebenzi achukumisayo enjalo satirical. Kwenzeka ukuba, igama elithi "ummi" elaqanjwa ngokwakhe Cantemir!

Isithuba nguNozakuzaku eParis ibe nempembelelo engentle impilo yakhe, nto leyo esele buthathaka ngenxa isifo sabantwana - ekupheliseni ingqakaqa. Ngelishwa, Cantemir kwafuneka banyamezele ekufeni elide kabuhlungu. Wafa e Paris ngo-1744 eneminyaka engama-37. Yena ke wangcwatywa St Nicholas Greek eMonastri, nto leyo ibekwe eMoscow.