I-penopolyurethane: ingozi kwimpilo. Iipropati ze-polyurethane foam

Imarike yokwakha yangoku ikulungele ukunikezela abathengi bayo zombini izixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunye nedumela elizinzile, kunye nolwahlu olupheleleyo lwee-polymers eziye zithengiswa kwiimarike kungekudala kwaye zifumanisa kuphela ukutholwa kwabathengi. Leli qela liquka i-polyurethane foam.

Yintoni i-polyurethane foam?

Iingcali zengqungquthela zengqungquthela zakhiwo zibhekisela kwiqela leeplastiki ezizaliswe ngegesi I-Polyurethane foam (PPU) iqulethe isigaba segesi esiphezulu se-85%. Ububanzi beli bakala bubanzi kwaye bubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphikisana okunzima malunga nokuba i-polyurethane foam idale umonakalo wempilo ayizange ihlawule iminyaka emininzi. Eyona nto ixoxwa ngayo kule ngcamango ibandakanya ukuziphatha kwezixhobo ngexesha lobushushu kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobuthi xa ushushu.

Imbali yembonakalo yembonakalo

Umhla wokuzalwa we-polyurethane foam unokuthiwa ngo-1937 ngokuzithemba, xa iqela elincinane lezenzululwazi livela kwi-laboratory eLevenkusen lenza izinto eziqhelekileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinto yokuxubusha kwamacandelo amatsha amatsha kunye nendlela esabela ngayo ngokukhawuleza, iimpahla ze-polyurethane foam zahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, loo nto yayinyanisekile kwaye iguquguquke, kodwa ingenakuxhatshazwa ngokufanelekileyo kwimithwalo yomthwalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - amandla, ubulukhuni, ubuninzi, kodwa ubunzima xa ugoba. Izinto eziphathekayo zazinamathuba amakhulu kakhulu, kodwa iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili yanciphisa ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela kwiminyaka engama-60 ekhulwini lokugqibela ukuveliswa kwe-polyurethane foam yaqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ukwakhiwa kohlobo lwe-polyurethane foam

Iinqununu eziphambili ezenza i-polyurethane foam kwaye ziyimfuneko yokwakhiwa kunye nokuqhotyoshelweyo kwamaketanga e-polymer yi-polyol (icandelo A) kunye ne-polyisocyanate (icandelo B). Ngamanye amaxesha abakhiqizi basekhaya kwi-polyol bangongeza enye inxalenye-i-catalyst. Izakhiwo eziphambili ze-polyurethane foam zinomsi othile kwaye ziyi-liquid ehambisanayo kunye ne-shades ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo.

I-Polyol enokugcinwa kwexesha elide inepropati yokuqhawula, ngoko kucetyiswa ukuyixuba phambi kokusetyenziswa. I-Polyisocyanate idibanisa namanzi - ekudibeneyo, i-crystallization iqala. Ukugcinwa kwexesha elide ngaphandle, ifomati ifom ephezulu kwento. Ngokwakhelo lwakhiwo, i-PUF ingaba neentlobo ezimbini - ukutshiza kunye nokuthulula.

Iimpawu zeBiogenic

I-Polyols kunye ne-polyisocyanates ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-polyurethane foam ziveliso zeoli. Nangona kunjalo, kwaziwa ukuba izixhobo ze-polyurethane foam zingaveliswa kwioli yemifuno. Eyona ndlela ingcono kakhulu kule njongo ioli ye-castor. Icandelo le-polyol linokufumaneka kwi-sunflower, i-soybean, kunye namafutha aphuziweyo. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo ziphezulu kwaye ukuveliswa kwezoqoqosho kungabalulekanga. Izinto ze-Biojenic PPU ziveliswa kwimigangatho emincinci kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa iingxaki ezithile.

Properties PPU

I-Polyurethane foam, eyenziwa ngabavelisi basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ineziganeko ezintle kunye nezimbi.

Ukuqhutyelwa kobushushu obuncinane bezinto eziphathekayo (0.019-0.03 W / m), phantse ukugqitywa kwe-vapor tightness, ukungena kwamanzi kwenza i-polyurethane foam ibushushu obuhle kakhulu kunye nesimo sezulu. Kuyafana okufanayo malunga nokukhwaza kwengxolo. I-coefficient ephezulu yokunamathela yenza kube lula ukusebenzisa i-PPC malunga nayiphi na indawo.

Nangona kunjalo, kungekhona nje iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibonakala nge-polyurethane foam. Ukulimala kwimpilo yabantu kungabangelwa ngexesha lokutshisa iPPU (ukuba kukho umthombo ochanekileyo wokutshisa umlilo). Ukongeza, i-polyurethane foam ikhutshwa kwizinto ezinobuthi obuyingozi - i-formaldehydes. I-Polyurethane i-foam, enezixhobo ezisebenzisana nomoya kunye namanzi, ayiqinisekanga kwimpembelelo yelanga. Ngokuhamba kwexesha liba mnyama kwaye liwa.

Uluhlu lwesicelo ППУ

Esi sakhiwo samapolisa sanamhlanje sifumane isicelo esikhulu kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zomsebenzi wabantu. Indawo ephakamileyo kakhulu ekusebenziseni ngayo ukwakhiwa: ukufakelwa kwe-thermal, ukuvuthwa kwamanzi kunye nokungena kwamanzi izinto zasekuhlaleni nasezimbonini nayiphi na injongo (zokuhlala, izindlu zelizwe, izitolo, iindawo zokugcina impahla, i-hangars, njl.). Ngenxa yokuqhuba kwe-thermal ephantsi, i-PPU isetyenziselwa ukukhupha ngaphandle kweepahla kuphela, kodwa neendonga ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Iiplanga zeSandwich ezenziwe nge-PPU ziyimfuneko ekwakheni izakhiwo zokwakha ezikhethiweyo.

I-PPU kunye noxinzelelo lwama-30-86 kg / m³ (i-polyurethane foams eqinile) isetyenziswe njengengxolo kunye nokushisa ukushisa. Izinto eziphathekayo ezinobuninzi be-70 kg / m³ zinezakhiwo ezininzi, azidluli amanzi kwaye zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwimisebenzi yokukhusela amanzi.

Kuveliso lwe-teknoloji yefriji ye-friji isetyenziselwa ukupholisa. Icandelo leempahla zembatho zisebenzisa izixhobo zokwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo zeesanti kunye neziqu.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho indawo apho ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifana ne-polyurethane foam kungathandabuzeki. Ukulimala kwimpilo kunokubangela izinto zokugcina izinto kunye nokuzaliswa kweenfenitshala ezithengiswayo, iimitha, imithwalo, njl. (I-Polyurethane i-foam ene-density ye-5-40 g / m³ - iibhloko ze-foam ezithambileyo). Nangona abavelisi be-PPU baqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zendalo kunye nokungahambisani nendawo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengesizaliso semidlalo yezingane kungenza abazali bacinge ngempilo yabantwana babo.

Iphupha kwimibandela yePPU ...

Siza kuthetha malunga nezinto ezinje zokulala njengeemitha ezenziwe nge-polyurethane foam. Inobungozi, kwaye ingathí sina, ingabangelwa yimfucumfucu ye-chemical compounds (malunga neentlobo ezingama-30), eyona yingozi kunazo zonke i-phenol kunye ne-2-ethylhexanoic acid. Ngaphezu koko, amatsha amatsha azaliswe yi-polyurethane foam ikhupha izihlandlo ezi-5-6 eziyingozi kwi-atmosphem kunezidala. Ukuxutywa kwemiphunga yalezi zinto kufaniswa nokukhishwa kwe-flooring.

Ukuzithemba kwi-mattresses egcwele i-polyurethane foam inesizathu esicacileyo sokuba kwinqanaba lokuvelisa, i-resins, i-catalysts, i-solvents, i-chemical components (phénol!) Isetyenziswa.

Ingaba isongelo esivela kwi phenol enkulu?

I-Phenol ithathwa njengesicholisi esinobuthi ngenxa yesizathu sokuthi iphuma kwimfucu enobuthi, kwaye le nkqubo inokuqhubeka iminyaka ngaphandle kokunciphisa okanye ukulahlekelwa isichebe. Esi sici seekhemikhali singabangela ukuphulwa kweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zomzimba womntu: ukuphefumula, ukukhathazeka, i-cardiovascular. Isiphumo sinokuba sisifo sekhanda, ukulahleka kwengqondo, ukuphulwa komsebenzi wokuhamba. Ukusebenza kweentso kunye nesibindi kungaphazamiseka. Ukuqhagamshelana okusisigxina kunye ne-phenol kunye nokukhuphuka kwayo kungabangela izifo ezinzima njenge-asthma, patrogies infectious pathologies, i-allergies.

Ngokwezenzululwazi ezibandakanya uphando kule ndawo, ukusebenzisa i-polyurethane foam ekwenzeni ifenitshala yabantwana, izibhedlele, amathoyizi akanangqiqo. I-PPU inokuthi ithathe indawo yendawo enezinto ezikhuselekileyo. Ukuba ngaba abazali banenkxalabo malunga nempilo yabantwana babo, kufuneka baqaphele ngokukhetha amathoyizi kunye namatitha, apho i-polyurethane foam ingasetyenziselwa ukuzaliswa. Ubuninzi belizwe eliphucukileyo livinjelwe ukusebenzisa i-phenol ukuveliswa kwempahla yansuku zonke.

Yintoni enye eyingozi?

Iimveliso ezenziwe nge-polyurethane foam zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zobomi bomntu. Ukukhupha i-foam kunye nebhodi le-foam esekelwe kwi-polyurethane foam kuyichaphazela imiphunga, isikhumba, amehlo. Iiplati zokubambisa, ezenziwe nge-polyurethane foam, ukukhululwa kwiimveliso zetyhefu ze-polyisocyanates, ezinokubangela ukungabikho komzimba okanye i-asthma. Xa ukufudumeza ii-PPU-iplate ngokufudumala amabhetri okanye ukukhanya kwelanga, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-polyisocyanate kuphuculwe.

Xa kwenzeka umlilo, i-PPU iyatshisa kwaye ikhupha i-gases ezityhefu, eyona mthombo wongeziweyo kunye nobungozi ebomini. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba iintlobo ezinokutsha ezingabonakaliyo ze-polyurethane foam zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, zifunyenwe ngokuzisa izongezo ezizodwa ekubunjweni kwazo. I-polyurethane foam enjalo ayibangeli nengozi kwimpilo.

Ngoko iphi i nyaniso?

I-polyurethane foam - yintoni na? Ziyingozi okanye zizuza? Inani elikhulu leendawo zokusebenzisa i-polyurethane foam kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu ayivumeli ukunika impendulo engabonakaliyo kulo mbuzo. Kwimveliso yokwakha, oku kunenzuzo kwaye inkulu. Ukukwazi ukwenza umxube kwaye usebenzise i-PUF kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kwisakhiwo sokwakha kunciphisa iindleko zomgcini kwaye kwenza kube lula ukwenza indawo ye-PPU ye-monolithic ngaphandle kwemisebenzi ngexesha lokufakela kunye namabhuloho abandayo. Ukufakelwa kwe-thermal yeepayipi eziphambili, ukuhlukaniswa kwamapayipi amancinci aphantsi kwamashishini ekhemikhali akunakwenzeka nanamhlanje ngokusebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-polyurethane foam.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo ekuveliseni iimpahla kubantu (kwaye ngakumbi kubantwana) kubonakala ngongcali abaninzi kule ntsi ngokungaboniswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobuthi kungabangela impembelelo embi kwimpilo yabantu. Ngaphambi ko-2003, iteknoloji yokuvelisa izakhiwo zasekhaya zokuvelisa i-polyurethane foam isebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwamakhemikhali e-ether. Namhlanje, abavelisi bathi le teknoloji yashiywe. Kwiintsuku ezintathu emva kokufaka isicelo, loo nto ikhutshwa kwixabiso elincinci lala magesi asele emva kokuphendula kwamacandelo, kwaye emva koko i-polyurethane foam ikhuselekile ngokusingqongileyo.

Ngokubanzi, kwiimeko ezithile, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa iimveliso ezivela kwi-PPU, kuyimfuneko ukuza kuhlola yonke iimeko kunye neengxaki zokusebenzisa le ngcaciso kwenye okanye enye indawo yomsebenzi obalulekileyo.