I-Orange Orange River - ithemba kunye nobuhle belizwekazikazi

UMzantsi Afrika uhlwempuzekileyo kunamanzi, kuquka imilambo. Le mijelo yamanzi ekhona kule ndawo incinci, kwaye uninzi lwawo nyaka unjengeendlela ezide ezingenamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, nakhona apha kukho imilambo ende kwaye ende. Inkulu kunazo zonke iLimpopo, eyaziwayo yiChukovsky, uMlambo i-Orange (ongasondelanga umbala kwi-orange) kunye noVaal.

Iingxaki zokuguqulela

Igama lo mgwaqo wamanzi lwenziwa nguScott Gordon, owayeyingxenye yehambo le-Dutch. Nangona kunjalo, akazange athethe umbala wamanzi akhe. Umlambo wase-orange waqanjwa ngamagama ukuze kuqhubekele ubukumkani obulawulayo baseHolland kule minyaka-i-Orange. Nangona kunjalo, ukubhala kwesiNgesi kwenkampu ye-dynastic (i-Orange), kunye ne-Dutch (Oranj) nayo ibonisa i-orange. Umguquleli, ukuguqulela igama lomlambo kwisiRashiya, akazange angene kwiingxoxo ezikhuthazayo zeScotsman, ngumlambo waza waba ngu-Orange. Iphutha lide liqondwa, kodwa abantu abathetha isiRashiya basebenzisa igama lomlambo waseAfrika: zikhona izibonda, imibongo kunye nekhathuni ngokukhankanywa kwegama lomlambo. Ngoko ukutshintsha igama elisemthethweni alizange libe.

Ummandla weJoji

Umlambo i-Orange eAfrika yindlela emide kakhulu (ininzi ye-1865 km). Ngomgama othile, umlambo umda phakathi kweNamibia namanye amazwe. Umthombo woMlambo i-Orange usezintabeni zeNjoka, ezisezantsi kwimida yeLesotho kunye neSouth Africa. Kwaye imithombo yokuqala yalo mlambo iyakwiintaba zeNtaba yeMont-o-Sourz, ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle ngo-3160 m. Ngaloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yiyohlukeneyo ezintabeni - iSinku. Kuphela kugcwaliswa ngamatyala, uMlambo i-Orange ufumana ilungelo kwigama eliqhelekileyo. Emva koko, kuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo emva koko. Ngendlela, ininzi yezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-tributaries zinganakwa kwibala lokuzaliswa kwe-Orange, kuba ixesha lonyaka, elingaphantsi kwaye lixhomeke kakhulu kwixabiso lemvula. Igalelo elikhulu ekuzaleni lenziwa kuphela nguVaal noCalonon - ngokwabo (ngemilinganiselo yaseAfrika) ayikho imifula encinane.

Ukugqitywa yi- Atlantic Ocean, apho uMlambo i-Orange ungena khona. Inyaniso enomdla ingacingwa ukuba indawo ye-confluence yomlambo kunye neAtlantiki yinkangala yeNamib, ekuguquleleni ithetha "iNxweme yamathambo".

Uninzi lwe "umzimba" lomlambo useNamibia, eMzantsi Afrika kunye nommelwane-eLesotho. Ngomgama wamashumi eekhilomitha emva kokuzalisa amanzi ngamanzi, i-Orange iyonwabisa iliso ngokubanzi kunye nokuzaliseka. Nangona kunjalo, ekufikeleleni kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba yinto engacacanga. Ngexesha elomileyo, akunzima ukuhlawula, ngelixa umfazi engazange anxibe ingubo yakhe (ukuba engagqoki igqoko lebhola).

Ngokomgaqo, uMlambo i-Orange unokukwahlulelwa njengonyaka: ukuzaliseka kwawo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kunqabiseko. Yaye indlela, ehlala kufuphi kufuphi neKalahari, inokubangela ukuba kuqhutywe kwamanzi amanzi. Yingakho uMlambo i-Orange eAfrika awusayi kuhamba ngeendlela.

Imilambo engumakhelwane

Ngasenyakatho yoMlambo i-Orange, iNxweme kunye neziqithi ezinomileyo zithwala amanzi azo eNoob, Kuruman, Mololo kunye neminye imifula engabonakali kakhulu kuneLimpopo, i-Waal okanye i-Orange efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kwazo zonke, ezi zomisa iibhedi, eziba yimilambo kuphela ngexesha lemvula, ngoko ke izazi-geographer zizibiza ngexesha. Akumangalisi - indlela yale mijelo yamanzi idlula enye yeentlango ezibi kakhulu - i Kalahari, apho kungekho ndawo yokuthabatha amanzi ngamanzi. Sekunjalo ngexesha lokuvula likwazi ukugcina yonke into engasinda entlango.

Impompo yamanzi

Ihlabathi elidumileyo yi-African Falls Falls, ebizwa ngokuba yinto enkulu kunazo zonke, enhle kunye namanzi kweli zwekazi. Nangona kunjalo, le ngenye yezona nkcukacha eziphosakeleyo. Umlambo wase-orange unombukiso obalaseleyo kakhulu wepaki kazwelonke.

Impompo ye-Augebis ibizwa ngokuba ngu-Finn ogama linguVicar. Igama lezinto ezifana nabahlali bendawo - iBoers - kwaye yaba ngamazwe ngamazwe. I-Augrabis - impompo ephakamileyo kuneVictoria, kunye namanzi amaninzi. Ingongoma ephezulu, ukusuka apho amanzi emgodini ulawulo lwesitronsi, iphakama ukuya kwiimitha ezili-146, kwaye ukudibanisa ngokwayo kufinyelela ubunzulu beemitha ezingama-200.

Impumputhe engaziwayo kulula ukuyichaza: malunga ne-Orange kunye ne-Augrabis isolula iCalahari eyoyikisayo, phantse ihlale ingaphepheki nakwiihambo ezixhotyiswe kakuhle. Nangona ngexesha elifudumeleyo, xa uMlambo i-Orange ujikeleza phantse ube yiqhinga, ukusondela kwintlambo ukuyiqonda impompo kuyingozi ngenxa yamatye angaqinisekiyo. Kwaye emanzini aphakamileyo umlambo wonke womlambo awufikeleki ngenxa yezikhukula ezinogonyamelo zamanzi; Kwimizila enemiqathango ijika ibe ngudaka oludakeni. Ngoko ke ukuphononongwa ngentshiseko kunokuvakala ngokukodwa kulabo ababukele u-Augrabis kwi-helicopter.

Ukutya umlambo

Umlambo wase-orange unondla ngokuthe ngqo kwimvula, kungenxa yoko "unombuso" wendlela yokuphila. Ukugqitywa kwee-spills kuyabonakala ukususela ngoNovemba ukuya ekupheleni kukaMatshi, kunye neyona nto ifikeleleke phakathi koFebruwari noMatshi. Amazwe asekuhlaleni azama ukuvuselela amazwe aphantsi ngokuncedwa ngu-Orange kunye ne-Vaal yayo. Ukususela kwi-66 yekhulu lokugqibela iphrojekthi yokudala inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela iya kuphunyezwa, okufuneka ikhuphe iihektare ezingama-30,000 zomhlaba. Ukugqitywa kwacetywa ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kodwa ngoku ukugqitywa kwesakhiwo akubonakali.

Nangona i-Afrika ithathwa njengommandla ongenamanzi eMhlabeni, kwaye kukho kuyo indawo yokuhle, imifula kunye namanzi.