Ubume neentsusa nokuqhekeka Rus '

Izizathu ukuqhekezwa Russia (kwakunye nazo zonke ezinye amazwe aseYurophu Middle Ages) waba imiqathango njongo. Isenzeko ngokwawo ngenxa lendalo kuphuhliso nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, kwezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko ithi ekuqaleni amaqaba. Eneneni, ukuqhekezwa feudal yabaphengululi mihla ekuthiwa buthathaka karhulumente kazwelonke kunye someleza engumzekelo Israyeli zommandla kweli lizwe. Lo mlawuli kunjalo yaba ophezulu zabefundisi, kodwa akazange akwazi ukulawula ngokupheleleyo wonke ummandla karhulumente. Kwaye kwezinye iimeko kwakungekho nokuba nako ukukhusela itrone yakhe imikhosi yamajoni akhonze zabo okanye imibutho yabo. Loo nto inika umdla kota ngokwayo zinokusetyenziswa kuphela kwihlabathi yaseYurophu. Le nkcazelo efanayo wambi lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ukubola, ezifana Golden hlokondiba okanye caliphate Arabic. Noko ke, uthelekiso enjalo kuvunyelwa kuphela ngokomfanekiso, ekubeni akukho nto ayinakwenzeka ukuthetha nzulu ngolwalamano suzerain-ingumbuso kuluntu ezingezo-Europe.

Izizathu ukuqhekezwa Russia yamandulo

karhulumente Russian aphakathi kwaba into eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka kumazwe pan-aseYurophu. Kwaye apha ezininzi iinkqubo ezifanayo yenzekile apho. Izizathu ukuqhekezwa Russia nayo walala isibakala sokuba akhonze kwi imihlaba zabo afumana ukuzimela elingeneyo isixeko esembindini, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, imigudu kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Stolny ngegama umphathi Russia waye Prince of Kiev, kwaye akhonze zakhe - iinkosana ezahlukahlukeneyo unit (Chernihiv, Volyn, Suzdal kunye nezinye). Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha XII - iinkulungwane XIII ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza ubukhulu komhlaba zorhwebo izinduna, kwakunye nenani abalimi abaxhomekeke, izinduna. Ngokwendalo oku kwenza ukuba namandla ngakumbi, anqunyulwe onke kuyimfuneko ukubambelela ukusekelwa kweNkosana Kiev. Kulo mzekelo, ubuhlobo yenkulu seengingqi kuthathwa ukuba ibe luncedo kakhulu.

Loo landscape in akukho inxalenye encinane kunye ukuxhumana zoqoqosho buthathaka phakathi kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo lizwe kunye nokungabikho kubaluleke ngokukodwa kunye nemfuneko lobudlelwane zorhwebo. Sokonakalisa feudal nayo ngenxa yobukhulu ebonakalayo karhulumente. Ilizwe kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba uyigcine igunya elinye. Ngeli xesha, ukhule yaye esi sixeko liya wakhuthaza ukwandiswa karhulumente kunye nokuxhomekeka nokunciphisa kwizakhiwo amakhosi. Ngenxa yoko, izizathu ukuqhekezwa Russia kakhulu yobudlelwane buthathaka noqoqosho phakathi imimandla, kwakunye njengeminqweno endalo imikhosi yephondo geqe. Inkulu lokugqibela of Kiev, abasafuna ikwazile ukugcina ilizwe Russian ngomanyano, wayengunyana Vladimira Monomaha - Mstislav. Noko ke, emva kokufa kwakhe, eyabakho 1132, eli lizwe waqhekeza kwinani izilawuli phantse ezizimeleyo up.

Kiev ixesha elide wahlala odume kakhulu abathetheli kwiziko Russian, kodwa indima yawo wayengasekho obungahexiyo. Kunye lweentsingiselo eYurophu, izizathu ukuqhekezwa Rus 'kwaye kanye nohlobo kwalo mmangaliso nabo kwi awohluke kwinkqubo yasekuhlaleni ngokulandelelana. Inyaniso yeyoba, e-West kwakukho ebizwa ngokuba yi-mthetho Salic, zinyanzelisa ukuba indlalifa inokuba unyana kaKumkani (idla ngokuba omdala labaphilayo). Kulo mzekelo, abazalwana abaselula lo kumkani kunye nabantwana babo amalungelo asemthethweni ukuya etroneni akazange. In Russia okufanayo, ngokwesithethe, itrone engundoqo wabamba unyana omdala, kunye nabazalwana bakhe, omncinane baba kumazwe ezisemaphandleni, kodwa emva kokufa yenkulu Kiev unelungelo lokuba ukubhengeza amabango zabo etroneni engenanto. Emva kokuba bedidekile izizukulwana nje ezimbalwa tangle, isishiya ingxabano ezininzi phakathi kwamalungu osapho, abazala, abatshana kunye noomalume Rurik Minor. Bedala kuba ekuweni kwezopolitiko karhulumente kunye nezizathu ngumba oyimfuneko ezicacileyo.

Kunye neziphumo lokuqhekeka Rus '

ezweni Eastern nokuxubana kweli xesha aye ukumela inani elikhulu izilawuli ezizimeleyo. Ukomeleza iinkundla sigqibo zasekuhlaleni kunye neentsapho zobunene Wabanika eli lizwe Russian Novgorod Republic, Compostela-Volyn kunye Vladimir-Suzdal ulawulo, ukuvela kunye nokuvela eMoscow. Njengoko lonke elaseYurophu, ukuqhekeka feudal eRashiya emva kweenkulungwane eziliqela sasesiwuyeka uyakhulula ndawonye yaye kamva kwamandla yasebukhosini.