PPA - is ... izenzo ezisemthethweni zikaMasipala. types of PPA

Inkqubo yomthetho Russian, iyantlukwano ngemithombo mthetho mkhulu kakhulu. Kodwa isekelwe phezu into efana kwisenzo ngokusemthethweni. Zeziphi ezi nkcukacha iincwadi zabo, yaye ziziphi na iindidi imithombo yedatha umthetho? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukutolika PPA elide ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo? Yintoni na?

Umbono yemveli yohlobo PPA

Amanye amagqwetha bakholelwa le nkcazelo ilandelayo wendlela elithi "isenzo ngokusemthethweni". It is a uxwebhu ebhaliweyo ukuba yamkelwe ngokuxhomekeke umthetho (umzimba karhulumente, isakhiwo sikarhulumente wengingqi okanye iziko kwedemokhrasi ngqo) ukwenzela ukubonisa kwimiyalelo zikarhulumente kunye nokulawulwa yonxulumano eluntwini.

Ipropati ezingundoqo izenzo ezisemthethweni (okanye olufinyeziweyo njengoko PPA) - Lena emisiweyo. Kwakhona, le mithombo afakwa mhlaba ayikho phantsi ayinakuphikiswa semthethweni.

Umbono lwenzululwazi yohlobo PPA

Phakathi abaphengululi zomthetho nakholwa ukuba NPA - luxwebhu ebhaliweyo oluvakalisa ukuthanda liqumrhu elisemthethweni lukarhulumente, malunga nokusekwa, ulungelelwaniso okanye ukurhoxiswa imithetho ethile yomthetho (imithetho yendalo imbopheleleko, kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso ezininzi).

NPA umbono Official endalo

Kwindawo yabasemagunyeni zoluntu sebenzisa iinkcazelo ezahlukeneyo kwiisampuli ukuba isenzo esemthethweni. Omnye wabo, ke PPA - isenzo equlethe izithethe zomthetho kunye nokusekwa, leyo zenzelwe ixesha elide (idla) ukusebenzisa kwasasazwa ngokungenammiselo (okanye enkulu kakhulu) inani labantu.

INkundla Ephakamileyo Russian Federation kwenye plenums wanikela inkcazelo i PPA. Ngokutsho abagwebi, izenzo koogunyaziwe eligunyazisiweyo okanye amagosa ezimisa imimiselo yomthetho okanye imithetho yokuziphatha ebhalelwe abantu ekungaqinisekwanga ngokuxhomekeke ukusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubukho okanye ukungabikho zomthetho nezobudlelwane kulawulwa nguMthetho, ezaziwayo zomthetho nezolawulo.

ngezigaba PPA

Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo PPA. Izizathu ukuhlelwa zabo ezimbalwa. Omnye wabo kuxhomekeke kwindlela imo yomthetho yesifundo, wakhupha umthetho (ukusingatha-ekwenziweni komthetho). Inkqubo nemimiselo, yamkelwa eRashiya, iquka ulwahlulohlulo ilandelayo imithombo umthetho iinqobo zokugweba ekuthethwa ngazo:

• It izenzo amaqumrhu karhulumente (egameni loRhulumente Russian, izakhiwo zengingqi okanye yoomasipala igunya lolawulo).
• Le iseti yemithetho ekhutshwe imibutho karhulumente (kunye neenkampani).
• Le mimiselo ngokubambisana (apho ii-arhente zikarhulumente ukupapasha, amabutho azo, umzekelo, kookopolotyeni).
• It Imithombo yomthetho, eyamkelwe lwezimvo nge ngevoti ngqo yabantu.

Iintlobo PPA kunokuhluka isicelo nokwakheka. Kukho izenzo federal olumisiweyo ngokwasemthethweni ngabalawulwa imithombo yomthetho, kwakunye nemithetho ekhutshwe yi koomasipala, kunye nezenzo zasekuhlaleni (, inqanaba arhente corporate). Enye isiseko ukuhlelwa i PPA - ithuba lokuba semthethweni. Kukho amaxwebhu, wihi nto leyo kuchazwa, kwaye kukho imithombo okwexeshana yomthetho.

NPA kunye nezenzo ngokusetyenziswa komthetho

Amanye amagqwetha umahluko phakathi imbono PPA nento enjalo njengesenzo isicelo komthetho. Umahluko phakathi amaxwebhu ababini boba bokuqonda zilandelayo.

• Okokuqala, imimiselo ziyilelwe upapasho lwe ulawulo oluqhelekileyo, ubudlelwane ekuhlaleni rhoqo kakhulu. Izenzo ilungelo ukulawula imeko ethile, ukwenza umzekelo. Umzekelo - Civil Code of the Russian Federation - lo PPA, kwaye isigqibo malunga nokuqeshwa ofisi kasodolophu uxanduva ngenxa yokumpompoza ukutyalwa kwemithi umzi - isenzo zokusebenzisa umthetho.
• Okwesibini, kubalulekile ukuba lowo isenzo ngqo umthombo yomthetho.

izenzo olumisiweyo-zomthetho, njengoko umthetho, kungabi. Bona abhekiswe inani elingenammiselo labantu. ilungelo lokusebenzisa izenzo ngabanye ojolise. PPA unako ukuseka, ukulungisa okanye ukurhoxisa nayiphi na imithetho. nokusebenzisa amalungelo Act akanalo propati. Kunokuba ibe yinxalenye yenkqubo zokunyanzelisa, emalunga neemfuno izenzo olumisiweyo ngokomthetho.

NPA and non-olumisiweyo izenzo zomthetho

Ezinye iingcali bakugqala kuyimfuneko ukwahlula phakathi ingqiqo NAP 'nezenzo ezisemthethweni non-olumisiweyo. " Iinqobo zokugweba zezi zilandelayo. isenzo olumisiweyo - sisiphumo yomsebenzi yemithetho nabasemagunyeni kunye namagosa. Baye nemithetho kunye nemigaqo unesimilo imbopheleleko, ngeyabantu, yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwithuba elide. izenzo Non-olumisiweyo azinamgaqo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu. Enye kunokwenzeka nenkcazo - "malungiselelo, ambalwa ngexesha yaye kuyahlangatyezwana izifundo ezithile."

Ngelo xesha linye kukholelwa ukuba izenzo etenxileyo ingqongqo wamisa amalungiselelo zicacileyo ebalula iziphumo osemthethweni lomntu othile okanye iqela. GIC RF iqulathe amalungiselelo apho loo mntu, ucinga ukuba isenzo non-olumisiweyo zomthetho kukhutshelwa kuye, uphazamisa siseko yamalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko, ukuze imelane nezibophelelo zawo lwenzeke ngokutsho kwisiqulatho isenzo.

Ububanzi isicelo kwemithetho yase

Enye iintlobo eziphambili federal NPA eRashiya - imithetho. Ezi zolawulo, njengoko abanye abameli mibuzo ilandelayo:

• ukufezekisa amalungelo, nenkululeko kunye neemfanelo zabemi, ukhuseleko lwabo;
• kusekwe imigangatho yoxanduva esemthethweni yabemi ngezenzo ezahlukeneyo.

Kuba ummiselo woMthetho Federal yimibuzo yonxulumano yase. Olu lawulo neenkqubo zedemokhrasi (unyulo kumanqanaba ngamanqanaba, zimvo).

Izenzo esemthethweni ye-Russian Federation kwinqanaba federal banoxanduva ukuvunywa okanye Ukulahla izivumelwano etyikitywe Russia kunye namanye amazwe. imithetho Federal ukulawula umgaqo-nkqubo yezemali, imisebenzi yokuqokelela irhafu. Fl - Imithombo imithetho ephathelele kukhuseleko lukazwelonke nkqubo emkhosini. Kwinqanaba federal ukujongana imibuzo engundoqo malunga nenkqubo yobulungisa, isisombululo neempikiswano zembambano, umsebenzi ngolamlo, amagqwetha. imithetho Federal eyenzelwe ukulawula kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zobomi uluntu kunye nokwakha karhulumente. Kukho uMthetho Federal "Kwi Joint Stock Companies", kukho isenzo efanayo elawula imisebenzi Company. Amanye amagqwetha amukela uhlelo FL ngeentlobo ezimbini - imimiselo langoku uhlelwe.

Umgaqo-siseko - isenzo amandla omthetho eliphezulu

I-NPA main Russian --siseko. Uye amandla omthetho ephakamileyo. Lo mthombo umthetho sinikezwe ngesimilo wabavoti woluntu: imiyalelo kunye nemigaqo equlethwe kuMgaqo-siseko, kukho isiseko ngokupheleleyo zonke ezinye izinto zomthetho esikhutshwe eRashiya. Lipapasha umthombo umthetho namnye ngaphandle abantu Russian. Umgaqo-siseko - hayi nje uxwebhu ebonakalayo ngokusemthethweni. Le khosi sisiseko iinkqubo ezingundoqo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko. Siveza ukubumbana kwezentlalo yabantu, iyileyo unokuba nomdla ekhethekileyo ngokupheleleyo kwezopolitiko. UMgaqo-nkqubo Russian Federation ayinakutshintshwa iimpawu eziphambili karhulumente, isakhiwo sikarhulumente, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye namaziko zelizwe kwezentlalo nezopolitiko.

Ezi nkcukacha kwemithetho-siseko yase

A zenyathi uMthetho Federal - Law-siseko. Banalo mpawu. Le mithetho kwenziwa ngenjongo yokuba inkqubo yolawulo, nto leyo ichazwe ngokucacileyo-siseko. Phakathi kwabo, umzekelo, ubume amaziko aphambili karhulumente. imisebenzi yazo zilawulwa yimithetho-siseko - "Kwi-Government", "Kwi iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko", nezinto ezinjengezo. Kukho izenzo ezilawula ukuqaliswa okanye ukurhoxiswa iwonga, echaphazela iqondo ulongamo karhulumente. Phakathi kwabo umthetho kusungulo ngamajoni. Russian imithetho-siseko yase laqalisa imithetho nemimiselo emalunga isakhiwo solawulo kunye nezopolitiko lizwe, ukuchaza imithetho apho abadlali ezintsha kubanjiswa umanyano. Umkhosi ngokusemthethweni imithetho-siseko iphezulu ngaphezu koko of federal zesiqhelo (phantsi kweSiqendu 76 loMgaqo-siseko). Ezi zenzo amkelwa ngendlela engqongqo. Umzekelo, ukuba uqinisekise okanye ukulungisa umthetho-siseko, ukuba bavote "ukuba" kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-60% yamalungu eBhunga Federation kunye esithathwini ezimbini zamasekela kaRhulumente Duma ubuncinane.

Imithetho ye Federation

Ngasinye kwezi zifundo RF - kungaba izimele, intsimi, kwingingqi okanye republic - unelungelo lokukhupha imithetho yabo. izenzo zomthetho ezinjalo olumisiweyo amkelwa mthetho okanye iqumrhu ummeli zesifundo (rhoqo, ke ibhunga karhulumente). Izenzo ekhutshwe abasemagunyeni ye Federation, eyenzelwe ukulawula imicimbi ephathelele iinkalo eziphambili kwezopolitiko kunye zentlalo nezoqoqosho kulo mmandla.

Isibaluli - ukuthobela-siseko Russian ukuqingqa imithetho kunye namanye, ezomthetho mandla PPA ephakamileyo. Umzekelo: kukho uMthetho Federal "Xa imigaqo jikelele balapho-government." Nemigaqo emiselwe kuwo, kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa lokusekwa sikhokelo esemthethweni enxulumene umsebenzi Federation zooMasipala. Ukuba, nithi, urhulumente weRiphabliki Tatarstan yeBhunga amkele umthetho walo wengingqi self-government, imithetho equlethwe ngazo kufuneka kuyaphikisana uMthetho, nto leyo ezidweliswe ngasentla. Amanye amagqwetha bakholelwa ukuba ifuthe PPA lafumana amagunya karhulumente le Federation, angafaka isicelo kwimicimbi yoluntu, ngenxa yokuba ngaphaya umda reference izakhiwo zengingqi.

Iimpawu ze-yomthetho kamasipala

izenzo zomthetho kaMasipala ezahlukeneyo ukusuka PPA kwinqanaba federal nawommandla esebenza kuphela kwindawo ethile kummandla - isixeko, County, kwisithili. Inkqubo yomthetho kwinqanaba likamasipala ibandakanya le mithombo ilandelayo:

• charter kweyunithi kagunyaziwe;
• imithombo komthetho, ekhutshwe sisiphathamandla seengingqi sikarhulumente elimele;
• izenzo eyamkelwe nguSodolophu, ulawulo kunye namanye amagosa (ngokommiselo).

izenzo zomthetho kaMasipala olungqongqo abantu basekuhlaleni-zimvo okanye imbutho. Inyaniso ephawulekayo ukuba NPA babe namandla omthetho efanayo njengoko amanqaku yombutho. Ngaphezu koko, kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo Russian Ministry of Justice wakhupha umyalelo elawula umlinganiselo ezingummiselo kamasipala kwi nqanaba yobhaliso yayo karhulumente kunye nemithombo yomthetho evunyiweyo kwiNdibano yaBantu. Ukuba sivunyiwe yi Tshatha enemithetho ephambene kwabo equlethwe NAP, yamkelwa-zimvo, nto leyo ithathwa njengento nelyo-siseko Russia kwaye ubhaliswe.

imithetho ngamazwe i-Russian Federation

Kukho uhlobo olulodwa ngezenzo zomthetho - Law on kuqinisekiswa okanye yokuqalekisa izivumelwano eRashiya ngamazwe. Bona athathwa ngokusekelwe kwiSiqendu 106 soMgaqo-siseko. Le mithetho babe inkqubo ethile ukwenziwa, kodwa yinxalenye ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yomthetho wesizwe. Ukupapashwa izenzo olumisiweyo-ngokusemthethweni olu hlobo iya ngokusebenzisa Bulletin izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe. Inqaku I-15 loMgaqo-siseko lithi izivumelwano isayinwe Russian Federation kunye namanye amazwe, kuqala umthetho wesizwe. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba amanye amagqwetha kubiza loo PPA ephakamileyo kuluhlu imithetho yase.

uhulumeni PPA

izenzo olumisiweyo ye RF kaRhulumente esikhutshwe ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 115 loMgaqo-siseko ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yomthetho-siseko "Xa urhulumente." Yintoni na uhlobo yomthetho karhulumente PPA? Ukuze ukuzalisekisa iimfuno zomGaqo-siseko, uMthetho, Ndiwise kaMongameli urhulumente Russian wakhupha uhlobo ezizodwa amaxwebhu - imimiselo, namasiko, ngokunjalo esweni ukusebenza kwazo. Izenzo ezikhutshwe nguRhulumente, ngaloo ndlela ukubheka. Bamele ingqinelane ngokupheleleyo noMgaqo-siseko kunye neminye imithombo komthetho federal. Sigqibo, ngokutsho kwezinye amagqwetha, - eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo karhulumente PPA. Le mithombo nokulawula imiba ephambili phakathi kobuchule kwamandla olawulo eRashiya. Umyalelo - a izenzo ezisemthethweni elawula imiba yangoku. Zombini ezi ntlobo imithombo komthetho esithathwe ngurhulumente, ngokuqhelekileyo i-ofisi kaMongameli, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ushicilele ezabo Prime Minister kwabo Russia.