Kutheni unxantathu obuthathaka obuluhlaza, ulwimi oluluhlaza okanye imilomo eluhlaza?

Oogqirha baseTshayina ne-Indiya baxhomekeke ngokubaluleka ngokukhethekileyo kwizifo zokuxilonga. Udokotela onamava namhlanje unokuxilonga imeko yesikhumba, umbala, umswakama, umzekelo we-vascular, indawo kunye nobunzulu bombhikane, okanye uphendule umbuzo othi kutheni unxantathu onqabileyo. Uphando lomntu luqala ngoqikelelo lwaloo nto, ukuchaneka kweempawu, ukulinganisa kunye nokulingana kwamalungu akhe ahlukeneyo. Ukongezelela, umbala wesikhumba, ubuqhophololo okanye i-rashes ibalulekile. Ngokomzekelo, iingxaki zesibindi okanye ukukhathala zihambelana nokulungiswa kwemehlo. Imilomo eminqinileyo ivaliwe ingabonisa i-colitis (isifo sokuvuvukala emathunjini amakhulu). Kungenzeka ukuba enye yale miqondiso yinto ekhethekileyo yendalo yomntu othile, kodwa ukuze ikhuphe ukwesaba, umntu kufuneka adibane nodokotela.

Umqondiso wesifo esinjalo njengemethemoglobbinemia yintsholongwane yesikhumba xa unxantathu ongenaso isabhakabhaka . Esi sifo sibonakaliswe ngaphezu kwe-1% (izinga eliqhelekileyo) leemethemoglobin egazini, leyo ifom ye-hemoglobin. I-Hemoglobin yintsimbi ene-iron (ehambelana ne-Fe2 +) iphentein, ekwazi ukuphendula ngokuchanekileyo nge-oksijini kwaye idlulisele kwiifom kunye namaseli omzimba. Ukuxhaswa kwe-Fe2 + ukuya kwi-Fe3 + kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuxinwa kwe-hemoglobin (ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwayo kwi-methemoglobin) nokungabikho kwe-oksijini emzimbeni, ekubeni i-methemoglobin ayikwazi ukubonelela i-oksijini kwiiseli kunye nezicubu. Esi sifo sinokuzalwa ngenxa yokusilela kwe-enzyme diaphorase kwaye ndazuza.

I-Methemoglobbinemia inokuvela ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamalungiselelo okuxhamla (eg, benzocaine kunye ne-nitrate) enokukwazi ukwandisa izinga le-methaemoglobin ngezikhathi ezili-1000. Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo ziquka unyango lwe-antibiotic (i-trimethoprim, i-sulfonamides kunye ne-dapsone), i-anesthetics yendawo (i-articaine ne-prilocaine), ukusetyenziswa kwe-metoclopramide okanye i-nitrate (njengesizabisi, ngokutya okanye ngamanzi) okuba yi-nitrites edibanisa i-athomu zensimbi kwi-hemoglobin. Abantwana abasengozini ngokukhethekileyo bayabantwana ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Ukuba umntwana unomnxantathu onqabileyo obomvu, oko kubonisa ukungabikho kwe-oksijini emzimbeni wakhe.

Nangona kunjalo, i-methemoglobinemia akusiyo kuphela isizathu. I-Nosogubny inxantathu eluhlaza okwenkcenkcesha iyenzeka ngeentsilelo zentliziyo, xa, ngenxa yokungena kwigazi elichaphazelayo, kukho ukungahambi emzimbeni wegazi elimsulwa, owenza umsebenzi wokuthutha kwiifom kunye neeseli zomzimba wezondlo kunye ne-oxygen. Kukhokelela ekungabikho kwe-oxygen emzimbeni wesifo semiphunga. Kule meko, umsebenzi we-erythrocytes ukuthatha i-oksijini kwimiphunga, ukuyihambisa kwiimfucu apho i-carbon dioxide ikhutshwe kwaye iyodwa kwimiphunga. Kodwa nayiphi na isizathu esibangelwa ngumthunzi we-cyanotic endaweni yecathathu ye-nasolabial, kufuneka udibane nodokotela.

Awukwazi ukuwutyeshela imilomo eluhlaza, ingakumbi ukuba ihamba kunye neentliziyo ezikhawulezayo, ukukhwehlela, ukuxubha kwezipikili, ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula, okanye ukuba isigulane siphoswe kumkhuhlane. Isizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba umlomo ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yi-cyanosis (bayayichaza enye indawo, xa umlomo uphendulela okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nemilenze ye-peripheral-izitho zihlupheka). I-oksijini engakumbi kwigazi, ibomvu ngakumbi. Igazi elinamafutha linombala obomvu obomvu ngenxa yomxholo we-oksijini ophantsi. Imikhumbi yegazi enegazi elimnyama, ngenxa yezinto ezibonakalayo zesikhumba, zibukeka ziluhlaza. I-cyanosis ephakathi iyenzeka ngenxa yokujikeleza kwegazi okungapheliyo okanye iingxaki zokungena emphumeni. Esi sifo siphula xa igazi lokujikeleza kwegazi okwi-oksijeni li-≤ 85%. Izimbangela ze-cyanosis zingabangela iingxaki kwi-system central nervous system (i-cerebral hemorrhage, i-hypoxia ye-cerebral, ukugqithisa iziyobisi), izifo zokuphefumula (i-COPD, i-asthma kunye nabanye), intliziyo (umzekelo, izibizo), igazi (i-methemoglobinemia).

Ulwimi lububuko obubonisa isimo somzimba. Phakathi koogqirha kukho iingcali eziye zenza i-diagnostic. Ulwimi oluluhlaza luxwayisa ngeengxaki ezintso. Ukuba umbala wayo ubomvu, oko kubonisa ukuvuvukala okanye isifo. I-Plaque ngolwimi olunomdla kwi-gastroenterologists. I-suckling papillae ibonisa i-hematology kwizifo zegazi. Kwixesha la mandulo, oogqirha babekholelwa ukuba umzimba unako ukuxwayisa ngeengxaki zempilo. Kwipilisi yasempuma kukho ulwazi oluthi ngalinye ilungu langaphakathi linxulumene nommandla othile kulwimi, ngoko kukho ukwanda kwimihlaba ethile yolwimi. Ngokomzekelo, ingcambu yolwimi ibonisa isimo samathumbu, kwaye intetho yolwimi ibonisa isimo senhliziyo. Iimpawu ezichanekileyo zolwimi oluluhlaza oluluhlaza oluluhlaza ulwimi olumhlophe kunye nolwaphulo lubonisa imeko enhle yomzimba.