Amaziko kukhuthaza. imizimba ulwabiwo Scheme

Ukuzahlula ukususwa ityhefu benziwa ngenxa ukutya. Le nkqubo iyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukugcina uzinzo-bume yayo yangaphakathi - homeostasis. Amagama ukwahlulwa amalungu zezilwanyana zahlukahlukene - ezikhethekileyo neetyhubhu metanephridia. Le ndoda iyakwazi ukukunyanzela ukuba ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo.

inkqubo imizimba nokwabiwa

iinkqubo umzimba zintsonkothile kakhulu kwaye uthathe indawo kuwo onke amanqanaba - ukusuka zofuzo ukuze organismal. Ngako oko, ukuphunyezwa ifuna indlela yonke. amalungu excretory zabantu ofakwe izinto ezahlukeneyo.

amanzi agqithisileyo liyasuswa umzimba esebenzisa emiphungeni, ulusu, emathunjini, kunye nezintso. iityuwa heavy metal bodwa wesibindi emathunjini.

Amaphaphu - isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, eli edulusele kwi umzimba ioksijini kunye nokususa carbon dioxide kuwo. Le nkqubo ebaluleke jikelele. Emva kokuba izityalo release carbon dioxide izilwanyana esetyenziselwa yefotosinthesisi. Phambi carbon dioxide, amanzi kunye nokukhanya kwiindawo uhlaza nezityalo ziqulathe yiklorofili sakhi, zakha glucose ekudleni neoksijini. Nantsi into enjalo into ebalulekileyo kumjikelo kwezinto kwindalo ifunyenwe. Emva imiphunga nazo ngokuqhubekekayo kususwa amanzi agqithisileyo.

Iziphumo emathunjini iintsalela ukutya undigested, yaye kunye nabo kwaye iimveliso eziyingozi emzimbeni, esinokubangela ityhefu ephilayo.

Sokugaya ndlala isibindi - lokucoca ngokwenene emzimbeni womntu. Kuyo zithathwa igazi izinto eziyityhefu. Isibindi likhipha enzyme - inyongo, leyo obezorazhivaet ubuthi lisusa kubo emzimbeni, kuquka ityhefu utywala, iziyobisi kunye namayeza.

indima kwesikhumba kwiinkqubo amakheswa

Onke amalungu zinomgutyulo ekungenakufumaneka ezinye endaweni yazo. Ngapha koko, xa besaphula umsebenzi wabo emzimbeni baziqwebele iityhefu - ityhefu. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo udlala candelo likhulu yabantu - esikhumbeni. Omnye wemisebenzi yayo ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuphunyezwa thermoregulation. Ngexesha lo msebenzi olunzulu umzimba ukhupha nobushushu obuninzi. Oqokelela, oko kunokubangela nobushushu.

Isikhumba lilawula ukwanda imveliso ubushushu, ukugcina kuphela mali kuyimfuneko. Kunye ke, ngaphandle kwamanzi, zisuswa iityuwa yezimbiwa umzimba, urea kunye ammonia.

Njani na ke ubushushu?

Umntu sisidalwa ezinegazi elishushu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubushushu umzimba wakhe akuxhomekekanga kwiimeko klimaticheskiz apho ahlala okanye okwethutyana. izinto eziphilayo abangena ukutya: iiproteni, amafutha, izakha - ezidiliziweyo phantsi apha wokugaya ukuya abameleyo. Ewe kuthiwa monomers. Isixa esikhulu wamandla thermal zakhutshwa ngexesha lale nkqubo. Ekubeni iqondo lobushushu kokugquma idla ngezantsi lobushushu emzimbeni (36.6 degrees), ngokunxulumene nemithetho yemvelo, umzimba ithumela surplus ubushushu kwimeko-bume, ngamanye amazwi, ngendlela apho ube mncinci. Oku kugcina lizama lobushushu. impembelelo Process and isizukulwana ubushushu libhunga kwaye sibizwa nabalawuli.

Xa umntu nokubila kakhulu kakhulu? Xa kushushu ngaphandle. Kwaye kwixesha umbilo abandayo ngokoqobo akemi ngaphandle. Oku kungenxa yokuba umzimba Akuyongenelo ukuphulukana ubushushu xa kwaye ngoko musa kuninzi.

Inkqubo thermoregulation echaphazela luvo. Ngokomzekelo, xa iimviwo palm ndibile, oku kuthetha ukuba kwimo iinqanawa uchulumanco uvuleke kunye nokunyuka nobushushu ukusasaza.

Ubume yenkqubo womchamo

indima ebalulekileyo ulwabiwo iimveliso pathways badlala omzimba womchamo. Siqulathe iperi kwizintso, ureters, isinyi, luvula urethra olo lwangaphandle enyameni. Ifunyanwa ngezantsi mzobo (Scheme "umzimba yokuzahlula") ibonisa lilungiselelo kula maqumrhu.

Izintso - ulwabiwo main umbutho

amalungu excretory ziqala yabantu nezintso. It nesithandwa amalungu sembotyi-ezimile. Bona ise esisu macala omabini yomqolo, leyo wajika icala phakathi.

Ngaphandle ngamnye kubo igutyungelwe iqokobhe. Ngokusebenzisa i groove ekhethekileyo, ekuthiwa isango sezintso ukuba umzimba ziquka imithambo yegazi, imizwa kunye ureters.

Umaleko engaphakathi amiliswe yeentlobo ezimbini kwezinto: cortical (mnyama) kunye nobuchopho (ukukhanya). Le kidney kwakheka umchamo, eqokelelwa kwitanki ekhethekileyo - isinqe, uvela ngenxa yolo ureter.

Nephron - iyunithi olusisiseko kidney

amalungu excretory, ingakumbi kidney, iquka isakhiwo leeyunithi nezakhiwo. Kuyinto kwezi nkqubo pathways kwenzeka kwinqanaba zeselula. Ngasinye kidney libunjwa kwesigidi nephrons - iiyunithi zesakhiwo zisebenza.

Ngamnye kubo ezenziwa corpuscle kwezintso, nto leyo esijikeleze philisi indebe-ezimise nge tangle kwemithambo yegazi. Umchamo ekuqaleni ukuya apha. Ukusuka philisi ngalinye kumka tubules kwalula le tubular lokuqala nolo lukwizinga lesibini, imibhobho ukubuthwa evulekileyo.

Indlela wesiseko umchamo

Umchamo kwakheka egazini ngenxa yeenkqubo ezimbini: ukuhluza kunye reabsorption. Eyokuqala kwezi nkqubo kwenzeka nephron corpuscles. Product of plasma yegazi kukhetha konke amacandelo ngaphandle njengeprotini. Ngenxa yoko, umchamo lomntu esempilweni ndingaba kweziyobisi. Kwaye phambi kwayo ibonisa lunyhasho iinkqubo metabolic. Ngenxa lokucoca ulwelo ibunjiwe, ekuthiwa umchamo zaseprayimari. imali yayo - eelitha 150 ngosuku.

Emva kuza isigaba esilandelayo - reabsorption. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba ukusuka umchamo lokuqala egazini owawanyayo emva zonke luncedo ukuba izinto eziphilayo: iityuwa ezimbiwa, acid, iswekile, isixa esikhulu samanzi. Isiphumo lomchamo zamabanga - ngelitha 1.5 ngosuku. Kulo mba onempilo ayifanele ibe iswekile glucose elula.

umchamo Secondary ngo-96% yamanzi. Kwakhona, oko kuquka isodiyam, potassium kunye chlorine, urea kunye uric acid.

Micturition reflex yekharakhtha

nephron nganye umchamo lesibini engena isinqe kwezintso, ukusuka apho aqukuqela ecaleni ureter ukuya lwesinye. Kuyinto ilungu unpaired dystrophy. Umthamo lwesinye kwandisa kunye ubudala, kwaye omdala ifikelela 0.75 l. Ngaphandle iqamza ivula urethra. Xa isiphumo anqongophele ngenxa izihlunu sphincter ezimbini - izihlunu setyhula.

Ukuze inkqubo echama saphakama kufuneka yande esinyini of iilitha ezimalunga 0.3. Xa kusenzeka oku, ii-udonga busebenza. Ikhontrakthi imisipha ukukhulula sphincter. Echama kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, ngamanye abadala bakwazi ukulawula le nkqubo. ulawulo echama esebenzisa e-nervous system, iziko yayo ise kummandla sacral ye umnqonqo.

umsebenzi nokwabiwa amalungu

Izintso zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo wokususa imveliso yokugqibela yokucolwa yento ephilayo, ukulawula exchange amanzi kunye netyiwa ze nokugcina rhoqo ka xi osmotic komzimba esiphakathi ulwelo.

amalungu excretory nyulu ubuthi emzimbeni ngexesha ilondoloza kwinqanaba ezinzileyo kwezinto yeziqulatho kuyimfuneko ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni womntu.