Ngumfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo kwi art: inkcazelo, olunomdla kunye nohlaziyo

Alexander Nevsky - indoda enkulu yinkosana, inkokeli enobuchule yomkhosi kunye namazwe, isampuli ngokomoya yaye yokuziphatha, idlale indima enkulu kwimbali karhulumente Russian. Yena nombulelo, hayi kuphela inzala, kodwa abantu abahlala kweli langoku, kwabayili abadumileyo adunyiswe umfanekiso wakhe zobuciko.

Alexander Nevsky: umntu kwimbali

Nabani na ukuzazi imbali, wazi umntu onjalo Alexander Nevsky. Waye Grand Prince of All Russia, kwaye wenze okuninzi sokuphuhlisa amandla, nto leyo esomelela emoyeni yaye yaziwa ngokuba amandla ayo.

Bothetha iMbangi yobomi kunokuba ixesha elide, kodwa kungcono ukuba udwelise zonke izihloko zawo, nto leyo eya abawalawulayo elowo kubo: umthetheli Novgorod, Prince of Kiev, Prince Vladimir, injengele ngamatutu Kievan Rus kunye oyiNgcwele Church Orthodox.

Ngokuba buyasuswa ubomi bakhe '42 kwi umthetheli ngenkulungwane ye-13 yaba kakhulu, ngoko kangangeenkulungwane umfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo kwimizobo nendumiso ngemisebenzi emininzi. Yaye ekubeni bexesha lakhe kunye nesiphelo imihla yethu.

Ngumfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo kwezobugcisa: isishwankathelo

Alexander Nevsky uyiqhelile kuwo wonke umntu, yaye igama lakhe usoloko indlebe, ngoko igama ezitalatweni, izikwere kunye iindawo, kunye eSt Petersburg yena saint umxhasi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho umfanekiso olunye kumthetheli akazange eze kuthi ga namhlanje, yaye bonke abantu ababona eyahlukileyo. umfanekiso wakhe ubonakala kumaxesha amandulo xa ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi yobugcisa kwaye kuphela ngokufutshane uluhlu iindawo:

• iincwadi Old Russian.
• Zamabali.
• Visual Arts.
• Cinema.
• Umfanekiso.

Ngumfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo imisebenzi yobugcisa: inkcazo

Literature, ubugcisa kunye iconography, zabe umculo, ukukrola kunye bokwakha - iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, ke ngoko akukho efanayo omnye komnye. Kodwa nani ebonakalayo ngokuyimfuneko afumaneka kuzo zonke kwicala, leyo wayezithethelela ilizwe layo kunye nabantu bayo, Obonakalisa umzekelo.

Uyakwazi ukuphila omnye elide kwaye ukucaphula abantu ezahlukeneyo malunga Wayengumntu onjani oko Prince, echaza impumelelo yakhe, njengokuba ntonje umfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo imisebenzi yobugcisa ekubhekiselwe kuyo, yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba siqwalasele uhlobo ngalunye ngokwahlukeneyo ukuze baqonde indlela okubaluleke ngayo njengoko wayekhe waphila.

Alexander Nevsky e peyinta

Ngumfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo kwimizobo afumaneka kuyo yonke indawo, yaye epeyinta kwaba eninzi ingqalelo. Enye inxalenye yoku- ukudala portraits bakhe naleyo iboniswe edabini, abanye baye bakhetha ukuthatha umfanekiso yengcwele, lowo ngoku baqubuda amakholwa amaninzi.

Ukubonakala yokuqala umzobo Russian ivakaliswa ngohlobo ezincinane Ice Battle encwadini yeembali.

Ingqalelo ihlawulwe kwi-Grand lweTshawe ngumzobi odumileyo uNikolay Rerih, akuba ebhaliweyo Imizobo emininzi Vasnetsov, kunye Corinne Moller kunye Serov ngestibhiya yakhe edumileyo "ukungena Aleksandra Nevskogo e Pskov emva Battle kwi-Ice."

Inkoliso yala magcisa ezotywe Nevsky ngexesha iimfazwe amadabi, ebonisa inkokheli yakhe Yomelela ukhaliphe emkhosini, akukho namnye abasedabini iphunyelelwe ogama umyalelo phantsi.

Nevsky ngemisebenzi Semiradsky

Ngumfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo kwezobugcisa bubonakala ngemizobo GI olubonakalayo Semiradsky. Ngowe-1875, yena abe umfundi Art Academy eSt Petersburg iye ephathiswe umsebenzi ukwenza imizobo ezine zanikezelwa eSt Aleksandru Nevskomu. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, baye balahlekelwa, kodwa unako ukubona imizobo, leyo ukuqinisekisa ubukho babo kule Russian Museum.

Izifundo mizobo ukuba akabanyulanga yi umzobi ngokwakhe, kwaye kuxoxwe yikomishoni okhethekileyo, nto leyo ezichongwe ezi zigaba ziphambili zilandelayo wobomi Grand Duke, xa kwasondeza batyelela Batu Khan, xa athe wafumana yoosaziwayo, kwada kwayimini yokufa kwakhe kunye ummangaliso owenzeka ngexesha yokungcwaba.

Semiradsky bakwazi ukuyila imifanekiso ezinomtsalane apho bagxininisa iinkcukacha. On the canvases ezidityanisiweyo izakhono afunyenwe kwizikolo zemfundo, kwaye impembelelo pilot igcisa waseJamani.

Peyinta umfanekiso, apho livela umthetheli phambi kokuba ababukeli lomlawuli abatsha sinamandla, oko ezingafanelanga etempileni. Ubungcwele Prince kwakunzima ukuba unokuthekelela, bexesha waphawula de wabhala ngayo kumaphephandaba.

Alexander Nevsky nenkolo

Namhlanje, ngokuba zonke Orthodox Alexander Nevsky ke ongcwele abo bathandaza yonke amakhulu ngemini amawaka abantu ecela uncedo kunye enkosi umqondiso. Sele 1280 Kwathi ukuba wayesoyikwa njengengcwele, yaye kamva umthetheli laye lamiselwa yiCawa. Alexander Nevsky ngokusondeleyo inxulumene unqulo, yaye lubonakaliswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa.

IMbasa St. Aleksandra Nevskogo yasekwa ngokomyalelo uCatherine I, kwaye eSoviet Union yasekwa ngo-1942, enye, nto leyo Ikhutshelwa kuzuziweyo ngamajoni.

Kukho imifanekiso ezimbini edumileyo, enye yazo wadalwa Ivanom Grekovym ngenkulungwane ye-18.

Ngumfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo kwi ngobugcisa walibeka wokwakha iitempile kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo eRashiya. E Moscow, ngomhla ummandla kweyunithi zomkhosi ilitye yokuqala ngo-1995 kwaye kuyitsho Alexy II.

ESt Petersburg ngowe-1710 uye wabeka ilitye yokuqala Emnye Holy Alexander Nevsky Lavra, ukwakhiwa yathatha ixesha elide yaye ngamathuba, wagqitywa 1790. Cathedral yakhiwa kwi Petrozavodsk ngenkulungwane ye-19, nangona ekuqaleni oko kwakukho ibandla kwi kwisityalo, eyakhelwe-Nomalizo yabasebenzi.

Ingaba ixesha elide sibala iitempile, iicawe enzelwe ezakhiwa igama Aleksandra Nevskogo, kodwa kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye mzi, apho umntu abone indawo engcwele: Yaroslavl, Omkhulu Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg, saseChelyabinsk, Pskov, Riga, Yalta, Tallinn kunye nabanye abaninzi, ngaphandle Russia.

E mfi

Enye iifom ibalulekileyo yenkcubeko, abondle inkumbulo ka-Prince, ingabizwa cinema. Ngowe-1938 wabonakala phezu izikrini ifilimu "Alexander Nevsky" ngumlawuli Sergeya Eyzenshteyna. Yena wawongwa ngeMbasa Stalin yaza yamkelwa nabantu, woba namhlanje ukuya kumfanekiso wezinto imi--30.

Ngowe-1941, xa waqala iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, umboniso luphinda lubuyiselwe kubathathi-irenti ulondolozo umoya, waba nokuba impumelelo enkulu kakhulu. Le film ekhombisa zonke zakho ozithandayo kunye laziwa abadlali: UNikolai urgant, UNikolai Okhlopkov, Andrei Abrikosov kunye nabanye.

Eli bali lenzeka ngo-1242. Yaphela wayesilwa balwa nxamnye neRashiya waqalisa ukuhlasela amabutho leTeutonic. Oku kugqiba umfanekiso alwe Lake Peipus.

Ngumfanekiso Alexander Nevsky kwimizobo, kuquka kule filimu, kubaluleke kakhulu. Umthetheli uboniswa iqhawe owayesoloko uzama ukukhusela umhlaba wabo kunye nabantu babo.

imisebenzi ebhaliwe

Ngumfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa, kubandakanywa iincwadi, iye ngokubanzi edunyiswa ngababhali kunye ziimbongi. wabonakala ngenxa yinkosana owayephila ngokukhankanywa yokuqala kule ncwadi. "The Life of Aleksandra Nevskogo" libhekisela amangcwaba Russia yamandulo, ixelela yokusebenza kunye nesibindi Nevsky.

Ngowe-1977 wapapasha ibali malunga neziganeko ngenkulungwane ye-13, xa Novgorod angaphumelela uhlaselo amaJamani. Eli bali malunga isiphelo kwesilumko, esisityebi ngokomoya, i ngokuthanda le Novgorod Republic. Story ebizwa "Nkosi Novgorod Enkulu", ibhaliwe DM Balashov.

Kunika umdla ukubhala inoveli-trilogy "Alexander Nevsky" ngumbhali SP Mosiyash. Le mveliso iqala nesibakala sokuba isixeko ochazwe ngamandla Novgorod Enkulu, ukubaluleka kwayo kwaye injongo kumazwe angabamelwane kwedatha. Kodwa Novgorod ngaba angandinikezela, ngokuba ezithethelela ufumana umthetheli nomphathi nobuhlakani Nevsky.

umculo

Ngowe-1938, kwaqalisa umsebenzi joint ngqo ngu Sergey Eyzenshteyna kunye Prokofiev umqambi. Umsebenzi ophambili we-mculi ukudala umculo isiza kuzimele iingcamango neembono. Ngokusebenzisa umculo, umqambi likwazile ukudlulisa umfanekiso lobugorha eyalwa iimfazwe bungwanyalala, onke edibene graphic kunye nemifanekiso yayingumfuziselo kunye ingoma kunye imifanekiso eekwayala.

Ukuboniswa kumfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo wenziwa ngokucacileyo kakhulu kumsebenzi Sergeya Prokofeva, umculo ogama kubhaliweyo amazwi wembongi Lugovskogo. It ukuvakalisa imisebenzi enjalo njengoko cantata "Alexander Nevsky", eliquka zizabelo ezisixhenxe. iqhekeza ngasinye yenzelwe bantsebenzo ezahlukeneyo: soloists, ikwayara kunye okhestra, ngokuxhomekeke inxalenye "Battle kwi-Ice," "Abafileyo Field", "Omnqamlezo e Pskov," njalo-njalo ...

ezikhumbuzo zembali

Ngumfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, kuquka imikrolo, ababalulwa nabayili ezininzi, namhlanje ingabonwa kulo lonke elo lizwe. Eyona idumileyo zezi zilandelayo:

• Monument e St. Petersburg, sungula yi womzobi Valentina Kozenyuka nefakiweyo ngo-2002 phambi kwe-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Monument eyenziwe lenyengane epinki, kunye nani ehleli phezu ihashe, ithe ndoyilahla ngobhedu.
• Ngowe-1993, ilitye lesikhumbuzo e Pskov Nevsky Sokoliha entabeni, njengoko kwakunjalo kulo mzi 1242 kwenzeka ukoyiswa leTeutonic Knights kwi Lake Peipus. UMdali yawo yeyona wezakhiwo iosif Kozlovsky.
• In Novgorod nalo ilitye ngo-1985 phezu chibi. Ngomhla isikhumbuzo uloyiso kwi Lake Peipsi yabamba eshukumisa ku imbeko umphathi omkhulu. Enye lesikhumbuzo bunikwa kumbindi wesixeko malunga ibandla Boris kunye Gleb.

Ukongeza kwezi sayithi, kukho ezikhumbuzo e Moscow, Rostov-on-Don, Aleksandrov (ummandla Vladimir), uVladimir kunye Kursk.

uvavanyo ubuntu Nevsky kunye neziphumo wobukumkani bakhe

Alexander Nevsky wayehlala yaye walawula kwinkulungwane elikude 13, indlela yokufikelela ingcaciso eyinyaniso langoku, akukho bani uqinisekileyo ukuba ayikho. Ababhali-mbali ngobuntu bakhe musa ukubeka uqikelelo elungileyo ngokucacileyo, maxa wambi ukubukeka zezona wayengazifuni.

Noko ke, ngo-2008 umthetheli ngokuba "igama Russia", yaye ngo-2016 waba saint umxhasi imikhosi ezweni Russian Federation. Kunzima ukuba uphikise nesibakala sokuba umfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo kwimizobo ekhoyo kwimisebenzi ezininzi zibonakele ngamaxesha ngendlela ezahlukeneyo, indumiso yakhe, bathi enkulu.

Noko ke, uhlaziyo lo mntu kuphela HIV. Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba umthetheli eye yabangela umonakalo noqhekeko kurhulumente, kwakhokelela abahlobo Russian AmaTatar komhlaba Sartak, ngubani na unyana ka ndatu, nkqu umzalwana wakhe ngabo. Kodwa umntu ngamnye ukhetha ntoni na ukukholwa, yaye kwenzeke ntoni alunako ukutshintshwa.