Ubume kunye umsebenzi iiseli ezibomvu egazini. Ntoni na iiseli ezibomvu zegazi

Eyona ezininzi Iiseli zegazi ezi erythrocytes. Ubume kunye umsebenzi iiseli ezibomvu zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba kwankqu ubukho umzimba womntu.

Kubume iiseli ezibomvu zegazi

Ezi seli babe morphology into engaqhelekanga. imbonakalo yazo ngaphezu nantoni na efana lens biconcave. Kuphela nje ngenxa ngendaleko elide ezifana isakhiwo bakwazi ukufumana iiseli ezibomvu. Isakhiwo ngokusondeleyo kunye umsebenzi ngexesha elifanayo ezinxulumene. Isibakala sokuba le fom biconcave ukuza kuthi izifundo ezininzi. Okokuqala ivumela iiseli ezibomvu igazi ukuba aphathe enye imali nangakumbi mpilo, nto leyo nemiphumo emihle kakhulu ngokwexabiso ioksijini ongena elizayo iiseli zomzimba. Enye inzuzo enkulu ithuba kwemilo biconcave iiseli ezibomvu kugqitha izitya elimxinwa. Ngenxa yoko, oku kunciphisa kakhulu ithuba thrombosis.

Kwi nguwona msebenzi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi

iiseli ezibomvu egazini bayakwazi mpilo. Le igesi Kumele ukuba wonke. Noko ke, ekungeneni zakhe iiseli ukuba phantse ungaphazanyiswa. I-oksijini yonke ephilayo asingomsebenzi lula kakhulu. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ube iproteni umthuthi okhethekileyo. Njengoko lumile mpilo. Ulwakhiwo erythrocytes into yokuba kumphezulu wayo nganye apho Mayingathwalwa ukusuka 270 ukuya 400 million. Molecule.

Oxygenation ithatha indawo emithanjeni ebekwe esiseleni kwithishyu. Apho exchange igesi kwenzeka. Kulo mzekelo, iiseli ukunika icarbon dioxide, nto leyo umzimba ngezixa kakhulu ayikho imfuneko.

Uthungelwano capillary yemiphunga ebanzi kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela ukuhamba kwegazi kuyo sele isantya ubuncinane. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze akwazi ukuya kwigesi exchange, kuba kungenjalo inkoliso iiseli ezibomvu abanalo ixesha ukunika icarbon dioxide kunye oxygenate.

malunga kwalo

Ngaphandle kwale nto nguwona msebenzi iiseli ezibomvu emzimbeni kwakungayi eziye zaphunyezwa. Inyaniso ukuba athwala i yenethiwekhi iphambili oksijini. Le irhasi ukungena iiseli kwaye nokuqukuqela plasma, Noko ke, oko ngezixa ezincinane kakhulu kulwelo.

Isakhiwo mpilo yi kunokuba nzima. Oku kuquka uqhagamshelwano ezimbini kwangoko - heme kunye globin. Ubume heme iqulethe yentsimbi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba esibophelelayo ngempumelelo oksijini. Kwaye le metal kwaye inika igazi ibala luphawu obomvu.

iimpawu ezongezelelweyo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi

Okwangoku, kwakusazeka ukuba ezi seli lwenziwa kuphela iigesi zokuhamba. Ngaphezu erythrocytes kakhulu uxanduva. Ulwakhiwo kunye umsebenzi zinxulumana ngamandla. Into yokuba ezi seli igazi biconcave zinika ukuthutha acid kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba. Ezi zinto ke iibhloko zokwakha ukuyilwa ngakumbi iimolekyuli protein ezifunekayo naphi na. Kuphela emva kokuba owabumba yayo imali eyaneleyo umsebenzi osemqoka enokuba erythrocytes babantu malivulwe 100%

Ukongeza zokuhamba, iiseli ezibomvu egazini abandakanyeka kwakhona ekukhuseleni umzimba. Isibakala sokuba molekyuli ezikhethekileyo ibekwe phezu - antibodies. Bona bayakwazi ukubopha ubuthi kutshabalalisa izinto kwamanye amazwe. Apha umsebenzi iiseli ezibomvu kunye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziyafana kakhulu, kuba iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zinegalelo elikhulu ekhusela lomzimba xa ulele.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iiseli ezibomvu ababandakanyekayo umsebenzi enzymatic yento ephilayo. Inyaniso ukuba baqhubeke ngokwabo ngokwaneleyo inani elikhulu kwezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo.

Ntoni iiseli ezibomvu, ukongeza kwezi? Kakade ke, iwe. Into yokuba yenye iiseli ezibomvu cell izinqumisi igazi. Xa kunjalo, ukuba abazange bakwazi ukuphumeza lo msebenzi, nkqu umonakalo kakhulu ukukhanya isikhumba zibe usongo kakhulu emzimbeni womntu.

ngoku yaziwa, kwaye ngomnye umsebenzi iiseli ezibomvu egazini. Oku ngayo ukubandakanyeka kususwa amanzi agqithisileyo kunye zomphunga. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulwelo inikwe iiseli ezibomvu igazi emiphungeni. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba balahle ulwelo engaphezulu, nayo leyo ikuvumela ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi kwinqanaba rhoqo.

Ngenxa ductility yayo iiseli ezibomvu banako ukulawula viscosity kwegazi. Isibakala sokuba iimpahla omncinane kufanele ukuba zigcinwe kwinqanaba elisezantsi kunokuba ezinkulu. Ngenxa yobukho iiseli ezibomvu azinayo amathuba emininzi ukuguqula uhlobo lwaso sicatshulwa labo egazini uba ilula kwaye ngokukhawuleza.

umsebenzi iququzelele zonke iiseli zegazi

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umsebenzi erythrocytes, leukocytes, neeplatelets kakhulu ayangenana. Oku kukhokelela intsebenzo evumelanayo yonke imisebenzi eyabelwe egazini. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, umsebenzi erythrocytes, leukocytes ziyangenana host zokhuselo kuwo onke amazwe. Ngokwendalo, indima ephambili bobabo iiseli ezimhlophe egazini, ngenxa yokuba banoxanduva ukuyilwa kwento nezifo izinzile. Njengoko kuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, benza njengoko abathwali omzimba. Olu phawu nayo ibalulekile kakhulu.

Ukuba sithethe malunga nomsebenzi odibeneyo iiseli ezibomvu kunye zegazi apha uyenyuka, Kakade ke, abantu amahlwili. ipleyiti zegazi ajikeleze ngokukhululekileyo igazi kwi-mali ka-150 * 10 ⁹ ukuya 400 * 10 ^9. Kwimeko umonakalo sitya igazi data iseli eludongeni ithunyelwa kwindawo yokwenzakala. Enkosi kubo, kukho ukuvalwa isiphako kwaye uyeke ukopha. Kulo mzekelo, kuba ekunqandeni igazi kuyimfuneko ukuba kuzo zonke iimeko-izinto. Omnye wabo wavelisa nje iiseli gazi ezibomvu. Ngaphandle ukuyilwa kwenkqubo ekunqandeni ngeke ukuqala.

Yokuhlukumeza umsebenzi erythrocyte

Amaninzi, zivela xa iiseli igazi ixabiso lwedata liyehla kakhulu. Xa kunjalo, ukuba inani incincane kune 3.5 x 10 ¹² / L, loo nto ithathwa sisifo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi amadoda. Kulo mzekelo, kakhulu ibaluleke gqitha ukuphunyezwa umsebenzi iiseli ezibomvu ngegazi kwinqanaba eyaneleyo mpilo. Le protein kufuneka egazini kwi imali ukususela 130 ukuya 160 g / l amadoda kunye 120 ukuya 150 g / l kwabasetyhini. Ukuba kukho ukuhla kule salathisi, ngoko eli imeko kuthiwa anemia. ingozi yayo kukuba ancedisana amalungu ufumana ioksijini ayonelanga. Ukuba sithetha ukuhla okuncinane (ukuya ku 90-100 g / l), oko akuthethi ukuba kukhokelele nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Xa kunjalo, xa lo mzobo lifinyele ngakumbi, lo msebenzi ungundoqo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ubunzima kakhulu. Umthwalo owongezelelweyo ibekwe entliziyweni njengoko uzama ukubuyisela ubuncinane ezithile yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini emzimbeni, ukwanda nezihlandlo izishunqulelo zayo ngokukhawuleza likufikela igazi ngokusebenzisa iimpahla.

Xa athwala uvikivwa?

Okokuqala kungenxa ukunqongophala intsimbi abantu. Le meko yenzeka xa inani elingonelanga lwesi sakhi kunye nokutya, kwakunye ngexesha lokukhulelwa, xa igazi lonina uchola iziqhamo. Ingakumbi uphawu le meko kubafazi abo besathathe ikhefu phakathi ekhulelwe wayeneminyaka ngaphantsi kwe-2.

Lidla inqanaba haemoglobin iphantsi emva ukopha. Ngaloo izinga layo wokuchacha uya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo ekutyeni abantu, ngokunjalo ulwamkelo kumalungiselelo ezithile zesinyithi.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuphucula ukusebenza erythrocytes?

Emva kwacaca ukuba umsebenzi iiseli ezibomvu, ngoko nangoko kuphakamisa imibuzo ngendlela yokuphucula imisebenzi yabo ukuze unike umzimba mali nangakumbi mpilo. Ngoku waziwa ngaphezu enye indlela yokuphumeza le njongo.

Khetha indawo unelungelo lokuphumla

Ukwandisa inani iiseli ezibomvu negazi azinako ukusebenzisa utyelelo eentaba namageduka. Kungokwemvelo ukuba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa iiseli ezibomvu kuya kubakho. Kuba neziphumo eziqhelekileyo HIV kufuneka ukuba sibe lapha ubuncinane iiveki ezimbalwa, kodwa kunokuba iinyanga. Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo iiseli ezibomvu nomphakamo ngenxa yokuba kukho umoya ibhityile. Oku kuthetha ukuba xi oksijini kuyo ngaphantsi. Kuba ubonelelo ngokupheleleyo kule gesi kwiimeko sentsilelo iiseli ezibomvu layo ngokukhawuleza amatsha akhiwa. Ukuba ngoko uye emva kwindawo eqhelekileyo, kwaye inqanaba iiseli ezibomvu emva kwexesha elithile ziya kuba njalo.

Tablet ukunceda iiseli ezibomvu

Kukho amayeza kunye neendlela zokwandisa inani iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Bona ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni ngamalungiselelo eziqulathe erythropoietin. Le nto ikhuthaza ukukhula kunye nophuhliso iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ziveliswe ngobuninzi ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba into enjalo iimbaleki basebenzisa ayinqweneleki, kungenjalo ulichat kweziyobisi.

Malunga ukutofelwa igazi nesondlo

Kwimeko xa inqanaba haemoglobin iwela ngaphantsi 70 g / l, iba yingxaki enkulu. Ukuphucula ukutofelwa imeko iiseli abomvu aqoqiwe. Inkqubo ngokwayo nto iluncedo kakhulu le ephilayo, ngenxa yokuba nkqu kunye ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe AB0 group igazi RH factor, kuba iya kuba izinto kwamanye amazwe zibangele impendulo ethile.

Amaxesha amaninzi, amanqanaba asezantsi ihemoglobin ngenxa ukusetyenziswa aphantsi inyama. Isibakala sokuba kuphela protein isilwanyana ungafumana intsimbi ngokwaneleyo. Le elementi kwiproteni zemifuno kwetyiswe mandundu kakhulu.