Igazi: imiqathango nenkqubo

Igazi - indlela unyango apho transfer yenziwa igazi kunye neemveliso zayo omnye umntu ukuya komnye. Zisetyenziselwa le njongo banikela kuphela igazi. Loo nkqubo ukusindisa ubomi babantu, xa kukho ilahleko enkulu ligazi, umzimba engakwazi ukwenza eyakho yakhe. Ngokubanzi, kukho inani kwakuthethwa, ubukho apho yabelwa ukutofelwa: etsolo ukopha (trauma, ngexesha lomsebenzi, kwakunye ukukhulelwa womlomo wesibeleko kunye noTubhali), igazi esinganyangekiyo, ukopha elide emizamweni, kuncitshiswa kweelana eziphilayo (leyo idla eyenzeka ngaphambili kwaye emva kotyando), yothuse ithi, ichemotherapy kunye nonyango radiation, kwakunye ukuphazamiseka ukopha. Amaxesha amaninzi, inkqubo emiselweyo izifo hematological, izifo yokubolisa kunye toxicosis kakhulu.

Noko ke, ukutofelwa igazi kwaye eziliqela Izimo: decompensated isifo sentliziyo, ukusilela kwezintso, inyumoniya, isifo sephepha, iposi engabalulekanga kunye nobukho olunzima iintlobo lwegazi.

Inyaniso yokuba inkqubo enjalo ingaba unobangela neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kubo eziphilayo, ade afe. Ngoko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oogqirha baye inkqubo efanelekileyo yokugcina, ukugcinwa kunye negazi izixhobo igazi ngayo.

Ngoko ke, qiniseka igazi avavanyelwe i-HIV. Ukuvuna nokulondoloza igazi efunyenweyo kwenziwa kwizikhululo ezikhethekileyo ngayo igazi. Ukugcinwa naye wenza kubushushu of izidanga ukusuka-5 ukuya kwesi-7 apha ngentla zero. Phambi ukutofelwa igazi wotha ukuba lobushushu egumbini.

ukutofelwa igazi kwenziwa ngqo (ukusuka onikele umamkeli) okanye ngqo (igazi iqokelelwa ibe igutyana equlethe ukubola) ngu. igazi ngqo iyasetyenziswa enqabile. Iimpawu ompofu igazi ekunqandeni, ukopha kwizigulane ukubandezeleka evela kubazali bakhe, kunye nokothuka ubukho ebuhlungu degrees-3, kodwa ke xa idityaniswe nayo malunga 25-45% ukulahleka igazi. Kubalizi olu hlobo lutofelo kufuneka umana yesikhululo pre-gazi. Apho kwenziwe uphando olufunekayo uze uvumele ukusebenza.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukutofelwa igazi uba kunokwenzeka kuphela xa abanikelayo igazi umamkeli kufuneka okufanayo kwi qela. Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa 0 (I) iqela kuye wonke umntu ongomnye. Kodwa izigulane neqela lokuqala kuvunyelwa ukuba angenise kuphela igazi efanelekileyo, kwaye akukho nayiphi na enye.

Ngoko ke, lo zokungahambisani amaqela igazi in lutofelo - omnye wemiqathango ephambili kule nkqubo. Ezimbini uthotho serum standard 0 (I) zisetyenziselwa Ukuyivavanya, A (II), B (III), ekufuneka zisenokugcinwa kubushushu ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-5 kwaye hayi ngaphezu kweqondo lama-7. Epleyitini, lwahlulwe izabelo ezine, pipettes ezahlukeneyo isicelo kwamathana lwe thotho nganye. Emva koko, ethatha iintlobo yeentsasa owomileyo, amathontsi ezilishumi egazini, ezidityaniswe kwithontsi ngalinye kwi nembasa. Xa umcimbi kufuneka ibe esasidibanisa series amaqela. imizuzu emihlanu kamva, umphumo sele kubonakala:

1. Ukuba serum amathathu abe umbala efanayo, igazi bobabo kwiqela lokuqala.
2. Kwimeko sokungamelani elibi serum A (II) kunye HIV ngamanye iqela defined A (II).
3. Xa kwakukho impendulo ezimbi kuphela B (III), siye iqela lesithathu.
4. Kwimeko apho indlela lichatshazelwe lonke serum yeqela enyamezela lesifundo - owesine.

Kuphela emva kokuba ukumisela iqela ukutofelwa igazi. SoGuquguquko lweProgram - into ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuba ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa, ukholose nje amazwi lomguli okanye izalamane zakhe, ngubani na iinkcukacha ezingachanekanga, abantu bafe ukuba ufumana iqela engalunganga.