Elinegunya izenzo olumisiweyo esemthethweni yomGaqo-Russian Federation. Inkqubo yomthetho i-Russian Federation

Phezu imbali yayo, uluntu wazama izihlandlo ezininzi ukufumana umlawuli isebenzayo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, nto leyo enokuchaphazela onke amacandelo oluntu kwaye wonke ummi. Xa inkqubo yokucingisisa kukho izisombululo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa abazange beze isiphumo efanelekileyo. Kodwa sisondele era yethu livele ekunene. Enyanisweni, wagunyaziswa yi zeLizwe, okanye ulawulo Ukwakheka kagunyaziwe imimiselo yokuziphatha, esetyenziswa ngqo eluntwini.

Umgaqo ofanayo uye waba kwase yomthetho ekhoyo kungoku nje ngengqiqo apho bonke abantu baqonde oko. Noko ke, umdla omkhulu nje kuphela isakhiwo ulawulo lomthetho kwimo ethile, kodwa indlela ukuphunyezwa zabo. Le nkqubo yenziwa ngawo onke amaxesha yi imimiselo esemthethweni asuka ngabasemagunyeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mimiselo zazenziwe, hayi kanye mandithi, kumiselwe amaxwebhu ezithile ukuba namhlanje zaziwa ngokuba "miqathango". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eRashiya, njengoko kwamanye amazwe, amaxwebhu asemthethweni, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ukuphunyezwa emphakweni wawo, zifakiwe kwisakhiwo esinye oluneqela elinegunya. Oku kungenxa lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni PPA, uyakwazi ukuphumeza ummiselo kakhulu ngqo yonxulumano eluntwini.

Ngaloo ndlela, siya kuqhubeka ingqalelo isigama, iintlobo ngezenzo zomthetho, zabefundisi ngaphezulu zabo.

Ingcamango PPA

Inkqubo yomthetho i-Russian Federation ingqalelo isakhiwo, omnye izinto ezo PPA. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele iimpawu zonke-nkqubo yomthetho Russian Federation, kufuneka babenolwazi kunye nezibonelelo ezingundoqo ingqiqo PPA. Ngokutsho kwizithethe kwi kwithiyori umthetho, imimiselo zithathwa njengamaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye kwifom emiselweyo.

Bona kukhutshwa phakathi kobuchule kagunyaziwe kawonke kwaye ziqulathe inani elithile nemigangatho esisinyanzelo yokuziphatha. PPA idla eyenzelwe inani elikhulu labantu, kwaye isicelo sabo senziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imimiselo kwakhona kukhutshwa yi-zimvo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iinkqubo zezomthetho. Lo mkhwa yaziswa kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke, njengoko oluchaza idemokhrasi umbuso.

isenzo olumisiweyo njengomthombo womthetho

Xa amazwe Romance amalungelo asemthethweni abantu abadala kusapho ezenzo zomthetho idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawulweni bezomthetho. Ngenxa yokuba PPA kula mazwe - ngowona mthombo yomthetho. La maxwebhu zikhutshwa kuphela imizimba eligunyazisiweyo ngaphakathi nobuchule babo. Ukongeza, uhlobo emisiweyo ubungqina bokuba i-NPA laqulunqa zonke iparameters akhoyo oomatshini ngokusemthethweni. Njengoko umthetho, elinegunya ezenzo zomthetho ezikhoyo kuphela entsatsheni Romance, ngenxa yokuba kumazwe Anglo-Saxon yinto umthombo osisiseko Zibe ngokusemthethweni. Kulo mzekelo, isakhiwo oluneqela elinegunya PPA ibizwa akufuneki.

Types of PPA fixed

Xa sijonga izinto awohluke kwenkqubo yomthetho i-Russian Federation, imimiselo, njengoko kuboniswa ingqiqo uchazwe apha ngasentla, zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu, ezizezi:

1. Imithetho, oko kukuthi, i-PPA, ezamkelwa kuphela imizimba ephakamileyo kwamandla karhulumente kunye imibutho yezomthetho. Ukongezelela, imithetho ingabizwa zonke izenzo ekhutshwe ngendlela yokwenziwa kwemithetho.

2. Imithetho-- la ingamaxwebhu aseburhulumenteni ekhutshwe ngamaqumrhu karhulumente linobuchule zabo, njengoko umthetho, ngenxa yemithetho ashicilelwe ngaphambili. Kuba loo mibhalo ziquka izenzo ngumongameli Russian, urhulumente, ulungiselelo kunye nezinye ii-arhente yase.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba emantloko zonke iinkqubo sikufanele-siseko RF ngowona mthetho esisiseko bamandla. Zonke ezi ndidi izenzo ezisisiseko olumisiweyo-esemthethweni yomGaqo-Russian Federation uphawuleka amasiko esekwe kakuhle ezisemthethweni zelizwe lethu.

sabaphathi Legal

Lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni ngezenzo zomthetho-RF iseti ngenxa ezithile yeemeko ngayo isondlo kubonisa imfuneko yokunika izenzo omnye (iintlobo zazo) amandla lomthetho elingasentla kunomnye. Yahlulahlulwe yaba iindidi ezimbini eziphambili:

1. Le sabaphathi nkqo izenzo olumisiweyo ngokwasemthethweni Russian Federation - ukusasazwa onke amaxwebhu asemthethweni ukusuka kwi siseko ukuya izenzo zesebe ngamnye. Kulo mzekelo, kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili lwemigangatho nkqo, ezizezi: federal (leyo isebenza wonke ummandla Russian Federation) kunye yasekuhlaleni (umgangatho ngabalawulwa nakwiimanyano).

2. Le sabaphathi tyaba izenzo emisiweyo ye-Russian Federation ibonisa umahluko onke amaxwebhu asemthethweni imihlaba yabo. Umzekelo, ubungangamsha ke izenzo bendawo RF. Phakathi kwawo ke ngokusemthethweni lilingana, kodwa ulawulo kwemiqathango yenziwa kuphela kwindawo ethile ngaphakathi isifundo.

Ekuqondeni eneenkcukacha indlela uchazwe apha ngasentla iintlobo ngezenzo zomthetho esisiseko alungiselele ummiselo osemthethweni yobudlelwane bentlalo kwi Russian Federation, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele iimpawu zabo ngokwahlukileyo enye kwenye. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iitafile ezizodwa isetyenziswe ekulungisweni kwamagqwetha. Ngoncedo makhwelo nabameli uqhelene iimpawu kwenkqubo wakhiwe PPA. Ngaloo kuyanceda ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni izenzo esemthethweni yomGaqo-Russian Federation, kwisekethe. Nayo lula kakhulu ukunikela inkqubo entsonkothileyo ka-NPA.

UMgaqo-siseko Russian

Inkqubo yomthetho iphela Russian Federation busisigxina kwisenzo olumisiweyo enye engundoqo karhulumente --siseko. Njengoko kwamanye amazwe, umthetho ephambili Russian Federation inemigaqo esisiseko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amalungelo nenkululeko abemi, elibeka ukwahlulwa karhulumente umthetho, kunye nezigwebo, kwakunye indlela yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabo nabanye. Nangona uMgaqo-siseko Russian kwaye ubizwa uMthetho esiSiseko, sapapashwa iveliswa ngendlela ethile. Ngendlela efanayo utshintsho zenziwa uMthetho esiSiseko. Ngokuhambelana kunye nezibonelelo ze-siseko, lutshintsho olwenziwe kokubizwa yoWiso-siseko. Kodwa inqubo enjalo kuphunyezwa kuphela kwimeko ukuba ufuna kwakhona zonke umthetho luphela. Kwezinye iimeko, izilungiso siseko yaziswa yimithetho yase.

Imigaqo kubekiwe kuMgaqo-siseko

Koluhlu lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni Russian Federation of ngezenzo zomthetho olumisiweyo nje kuphela livela-siseko, kodwa isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko equlethwe kuwo. Ukongeza, le migaqo ukuchaza komthetho olawulayo lezomthetho karhulumente. Ingaba imibono zilandelayo yomthetho esisiseko:

1. Idemokhrasi and State nabasemagunyeni.

2. Democracy.

3. Umgaqo federal yesakhiwo indawo.

4. Russia yimeko ngokusemthethweni kunye nezentlalo.

5. nobuntu zonke nobudlelwane kwezentlalo.

6. Uhlobo wempangelo amandla.

7. Ifom karhulumente - republic.

imithetho yase

Elinegunya izenzo olumisiweyo of Russia ukuba ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo-siseko, nto leyo isisiseko kwenkqubo yezomthetho, likhokelwa imithetho yaseburhulumenteni. Loo mthetho federal wenza ifuthe ngqo kwi ubudlelwane zoluntu kufuneka lulungiswe. Kulo mzekelo imithetho zinokuchaphazeleka phantse yonke imiba ukuba ngumbandela nakwiimanyano ngokwayo okanye izifundo zayo. Norms of PPA afunekayo okwenza kuwo onke amanqanaba ulawulo. Ipapashwe ngu- ngemithetho kufuneka bathobele kuphela nemithetho kodwa eziphikisana nazo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, imithetho yase ziya kwamkelwa kule miba ilandelayo, umzekelo:

- izilungiso kwi-siseko Russian;

- kwisixhobo federal RF;

- nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo nenkululeko ngummi;

- hlengiso kwenkqubo kwinqanaba ezintathu-kumagunya mthetho, eyenkundla elilawulayo;

- ukusekwa kwe-mali federal;

- ukhuseleko kunye nomthetho nocwangco;

- ngolawulo neminye imiba yomgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle kunye basekhaya;

Imibuzo azichaphazeleki ngumthetho federal, kulawulwa izenzo endawo zifundo. Noko ke, le lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni izenzo zolawulo Russian Federation eneneni okhokelwa umthetho othi malunga nendima yazo ebalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba amagatya omThetho Federal zisoloko le ephambili.

types of Law

Imithetho, kwakunye nezinye NPA, babe ukuhlelwa zabo. Njengoko umthetho, yonke imithetho ye-Russian Federation ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezingundoqo ezimbini:

1. Imithetho ezisisiseko, oko kukuthi, nemigaqo ekhutshwa ngabaLawuli ngumthetho-eligunyazisiweyo lelo gunya lokulawula yonxulumano ezithile zomthetho.

2. Imithetho on Izilungiso - eziyimithetho ezithile, banayo yezomthetho namandla FZ efanayo. Enyanisweni, ukuba imithetho, kodwa amalungiselelo abo ukusebenza kuphela utshintsho umthetho okhoyo, kunokuba umthetho ngako nakuphi na ukuzalana.

Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni izenzo olumisiweyo esemthethweni yomGaqo-Russian Federation iqulethe a ebizwa ngokuba yi-khowudi. Ezi zenzo zithi wabheka ingqokelela imithetho emininzi yezomthetho, umanyaniswe isifundo eqhelekileyo yommiselo.

umthetho Secondary

Ukongeza kwi-siseko kunye noMthetho, xa lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni PPA nayo ibandakanya imigaqo. Bona yapapashwa zindlela amalungu ngamnye kunye arhente imisebenzi zokusebenza kunye "indawo" ulawulo kubudlelwane ezithile kunye nokusombulula ezahlukeneyo. Yedolophu uluhlu yayo yahlulwe izenzo ngumongameli Russian kunye norhulumente. Ke bona izenzo umongameli bona, bakholisa ukulawula imiba enxulumene sabelo sezikhundla iklasi, ngeziqu, ukuqeshwa abasemagunyeni eziphezulu abhace kwezopolitiko, kwakunye neminye imiba evela kwinkqubo zokuzisa. Secondary imithetho Government - NPA yeyona iphezulu igunya lolawulo oluphezulu, ekhutshwe ngamandla isigqeba sikarhulumente.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza thaca umba, iintlobo kunye yabasemagunyeni izenzo olumisiweyo esemthethweni yomGaqo-Russian Federation. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba mbuzo thaca kusafuneka ukuba ezinye iimpucuko zomthetho, ngoko ke ummiselo osemthethweni ngakwicala amagunya karhulumente ukuphumeza kakuhle.